Florida International University

PCB evolution

Chapter 7

1)_mutations are more frequent than                                          .

1. neutral and lethal/deleterious and advantageous.
2. lethal and deleterious/neutral and advantageous.
3. neutral and advantageous/lethal and deleterious.
4. advantageous and lethal/deleterious and neutral.

2. While skin color differences between two newborn babies are due to                    , differences in skin color between a person that spent the weekend sun tanning at south beach and other person that spent the weekend at home are due to                                                                         .

1. Genetic variation/Environmental variation.
2. Genotype-by-environment interaction/Environmental variation.
3. Environmental variation/Genotype-by-environment interaction.
4. Genetic Variation/Genotype-by-environment interaction.

3. There are                kinds of variation among individuals.

1. 3.
2. 4.
3. 1.
4. 2.

4. Mutations are difficult to study because                  .

1. They are often rare and have subtle effects.
2. They are masked by gene recombination.
3. They cannot be detected using DNA sequencing.

4. They are usually lethal.

5. If two friends go to South beach for a day under the sun and when they come back home one is brown and the other is red, this is an example of                                               .

1. Evolution.
2. Genotype-by-environment interaction.
3. Environmental variation.
4. Mutation.

6. New genes can be created through                  following two major mechanisms:                     and

             .

1. gene duplication/unequal crossing-over/retroposition.
2. gene expansion/gene conversion/retrotranscription.
3. gene duplication/unequal crossing-over/retrotranscription.
4. gene expansion/unequal crossing-over/retroposition.

7. We define as                  the patterns of phenotypes an individual may develop upon exposure to different environments.

1. Response norm.
2. Reaction norm.
3. Phenocopies.
4. Genetic variation.

8. Organisms displaying different phenotypes at different environments are an example of

             .

1. Phenotypc elasticity.
2. Evolution.
3. Phenotypic plasticity.
4. Adaptation.