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QUESTION 1 1) What directions are the normal thoracic and sacral curves? A

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QUESTION 1
1) What directions are the normal thoracic and sacral curves?
A.    Concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly
 
B.    Concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly
 
C.    Primary C curve, concavity posterior
 
D.    All of the above
2 points   
QUESTION 2
1.    Match the muscle with its corresponding action or reverse action. Only one answer possible for each. 
                                                                         
Gluteus Maximus
                                                                         
Biceps Femoris
                                                                         
Iliopsoas
                                                                         
Gluteus Medius
                                                                         
Rectus Femoris
                                                                         
Gracilis
    A.    Trunk Flexion
B.    Lateral Pelvic Tilt
C.     Hip Extension
D.    Knee Flexion
E.    Hip Adduction
F.    Knee extension

6 points   
QUESTION 3
1.    As you descend stairs leading with your right foot, describe what is happening at the LEFT ankle (weightbearing leg).
 
    Eccentric contraction of the left Gastrocnemius/Soleus muscles
 
    Concentric contraction of the left ankle Tibialis Anterior muscle
 
    The left ankle plantarflexors are becoming actively insufficient.
 
    Eccentric contraction of the left ankle Tibialis Anterior muscle
2 points   
QUESTION 4
1.    A common type of fracture seen in those with osteoporosis is which of the following?
 
    Compression fracture
 
    Shin splints
 
    Spondylolisthesis
 
    Hangman’s fracture
2 points   
QUESTION 5
1.    This bony landmark of the vertebra makes up the most lateral portion of the neural arch?
 
    Pedicle
 
    Lamina
 
    Spinous process
 
    Transverse process
2 points   
QUESTION 6
1.    Agonists for knee flexion include all of the following EXCEPT,
 
    Soleus
 
    Gastrocnemius
 
    Short head of Biceps femoris
 
    Semitendinosus
2 points   
QUESTION 7
1.    The anterior talofibular ligament is taut when the foot is plantar flexed and everted.
  True
  False
2 points   
QUESTION 8
1.    What is an overuse injury that cause lateral knee pain, primarily seen in runners and cyclists from repetitive knee flexion/extension
 
    Iliotibial band syndrome
 
    Patella dislocations
 
    Osgood Schlatter disease
 
    Ankle arthritis
2 points   
QUESTION 9
1.    Which of the following muscle(s) originate on the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)?
 
    A.  Sartorius
 
    B.  Rectus Femoris
 
    C.  Tensor Fascia Lata
 
    D.  A and B
 
    E.  A and C
2 points   
QUESTION 10
1.    The main weight bearing surfaces of the foot are the 1st metatarsal, _______ metatarsal, and the ____________ bone.
 
    5th, talus
 
    2nd, calcaneus
 
    3rd, talus
 
    5th, calcaneus
2 points   
QUESTION 11
1.    What term follows foot flat during the stance phase using the Traditional Gait terminology?
 
    Midstance
 
    Acceleration
 
    Heel strike
 
    Toe-off
2 points   
QUESTION 12
1.    Which of the following would be an effective closed-chain exercise to strengthen the quadriceps and the hamstring muscles?
 
    A. Mini-squats
 
    B. Lunges
 
    C. Step-ups
 
    D. All of the above
2 points   
QUESTION 13
1.    Match the muscle to its action.  Only one answer possible for each. 

                                                   
Tibialis Anterior
                                                   
Flexor Digitorum Longus
                                                   
Fibularis Longus
                                                   
Extensor Hallucis longus
    A.    Toe Flexion Digits 2-5
B.    Eversion
C.    Extension of 1st toe
D.    Dorsiflexion

4 points   
QUESTION 14
1.    A force directed from the medial to lateral direction on the knee joint, is primarily resisted by what ligament?
 
    LCL
 
    PCL
 
    ACL
 
    MCL
2 points   
QUESTION 15
1.    Standing postures cause more pressure on intervertebral discs than sitting postures
  True
  False
2 points   
QUESTION 16
1.    Which is NOT a common postural deviation seen from a lateral view?
 
    Increased lumbar curve
 
    Flattened lumbar curve
 
    Genu valgum
 
    Forward head
2 points   
QUESTION 17
1.    Which of the following is(are) hinge or modified hinge joint(s) in the lower extremity?
 
    A. Knee joint
 
    B. Ankle joint
 
    C. Interphalangeal joint of the first toe
 
    D. All of the above
2 points   
QUESTION 18
1.    What is typical of a sway back posture?
 
    Decreased thoracic kyphosis
 
    Decreased lumbar lordosis
 
    Increased lumbar lordosis
 
    Increased thoracic kyphosis
2 points   
QUESTION 19
1.    What ligament(s) limit hip hyperextension?
 
    A. Ischiofemoral
 
    B. Puboischial
 
    C. Iliofemoral
 
    D. A and C
2 points   
QUESTION 20
1.    A knee immobilizer/fused knee would cause a person to present with what type of gait pattern to compensate?
 
    A. Circumducted gait
 
    B. Abducted gait
 
    C. Hip hike gait
 
    D. All of the above
2 points   
QUESTION 21
1.    Which of the following is the best position to achieve eccentric strengthening of the trunk extensors?
 
    Prone position, raise head and shoulders with focus on the “upward” part of the exercise
 
    Supine position, uncurl slow back to supine with focus on the “downward” part of the exercise
 
    Prone position, slowly lower the head and shoulders with focus on the “downward” part of the exercise
 
    Supine position, then curl up with focus on the “upward” part of the exercise
2 points   
QUESTION 22
1.     During knee extension in a closed chain/ weight-bearing position, the tibia will medially rotate.
  True
  False
2 points   
QUESTION 23
1.    Which structures maintain the arches of the foot?
 
    Plantar fascia/aponeurosis and ligaments, muscles, shape and relationship of bones of the foot
 
    Deltoid ligament, muscles, talus/calcaneus
 
    Plantar fascia/aponeurosis only
 
    Plantar fascia/aponeurosis, ligaments
2 points   
QUESTION 24
1.    What muscles are contracting when performing a partial situp and rotating the trunk to the right?
 
    Right internal abdominals
 
    Right external intercostals
 
    Right internal obliques
 
    Right external obliques
2 points   
QUESTION 25
1.    What gait deviation results when a patient has eccentric weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors?
 
    Knee drop
 
    Inverted foot
 
    Foot drop
 
    Knee pain
2 points   
QUESTION 26
1.    The term used to describe walking speed is
 
    Stride length
 
    Period of nonsupport

 
    Gait cycle
 
    Cadence
2 points   
QUESTION 27
1.    Your client tells you that he is bowlegged. The proper medical terminology for this is?
 
    Genu recurvatum
 
    Genu varum
 
    Genu valgum
 
    Coxa varum
2 points   
QUESTION 28
1.    The C1 vertebrae is different than other typical cervical vertebrae in that it has no vertebral body or spinous process.
  True
  False
2 points   
QUESTION 29
1.    You want to teach your client an open chain exercise to focus on eccentrically strengthen the quadriceps. Which of the following is the best way to do that?
 
    Prone with knee flexed, lower foot, extending the knee
 
    Standing wall slides
 
    Supine with knee flexed over a folded pillow, extend the knee
 
    Seated with knee extended, slowly lower the foot, flexing the knee
2 points   
QUESTION 30
1.    What muscles are working when a person stands up from a chair and rising up on his toes?
 
    Quadriceps, gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius, soleus
 
    Iliopsoas, tensor fascia latae, quads, tibialis posterior
 
    Transverse abdominis, erector spinae, quads
 
    Adductors, plantar flexors, transverse abdominis
2 points   
QUESTION 31
1.    What bony landmark do three tendons loop around medially when they change direction from posterior leg to the plantar aspect of the foot?
 
    Calcaneal tuberosity
 
    Sustenaculum tali
 
    Navicular tuberosity
 
    Lateral malleolus
2 points   
QUESTION 32
1.    The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions?
 
    Trunk extension
 
    Lateral bending
 
    Trunk flexion
 
    Trunk rotation
2 points   
QUESTION 33
1.    The knee is most flexed in what phase of the gait cycle?
 
    Heel strike
 
    Heel off
 
    Midswing
 
    Foot flat
2 points   
QUESTION 34
1.    Which of the following will most effectively work the gluteus maximus in an open chain exercise?
 
    Standing toe raises
 
    Prone, extend hip with knee extended
 
    Standing lunges
 
    Prone, extend hip with knee flexed
2 points   
QUESTION 35
1.    What bones make up the midfoot?
 
    Talus and calcaneus
 
    Five metatarsals and all of the phalanges
 
    Tibia, fibula, talus, and calcaneus
 
    Navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms
2 points   
QUESTION 36
1.    Which muscle originates on the pubis and inserts on the proximal medial tibia?
 
    Gracilis
 
    Adductor longus
 
    Rectus femoris
 
    Adductor brevis
2 points   
QUESTION 37
1.    When you have a client with a “forward head” position, which of the following is occurring at the head and neck?
 
    C0-C1 is flexing and C2-C7 is extending
 
    C0-C1 is extending and C2-C7 is flexing
 
    C0-C1 and C2-C7 are both extending
 
    C0-C1 and C2-C7 are both flexing
2 points   
QUESTION 38
1.    The force couple that combine to pull the pelvis into an anterior tilt are the
 
    Hip flexors and trunk extensors
 
    Hip extensors and trunk extensors
 
    Hip extensors and trunk flexors
 
    Hip flexors and trunk flexors
2 points   
QUESTION 39
1.    The facet joints of the thoracic spine are in the ________ plane, while the facet joints of the lumbar spine are oriented for the ________ plane
 
    Frontal, Sagital
 
    Triplanar, Sagital
 
    Sagital, Frontal
 
    Tranverse, Frontal
2 points   
QUESTION 40
1.    When a person has a lumbar disc problem, the most comfortable position is likely the following?
 
    Sitting leaning forward
 
    Side-lying with both legs flexed toward the chest   
 
     Side-lying with top leg extending behind the body
 
    Lying prone with the trunk hyperextended
2 points   
QUESTION 41
1.    The position of the hip and knee joints is similar for active insufficiency of the rectus femoris and passive insufficiency of the hamstrings.
  True
  False
2 points   
QUESTION 42
1.    The term used to describe the distance between heel strike of one leg and heel strike of the other leg is
 
    Single support.
 
    Step length
 
    Cadence
 
    Double support
2 points   
QUESTION 43
1.    When using a lateral view of a person's standing posture, a plumb line should be aligned with all of the following landmarks EXCEPT,
 
    Through the acromion process of the shoulder
 
    Posterior to the patella  
 
    Anterior to the greater trochanter
 
    Through the earlobe
2 points   
QUESTION 44
1.    Which muscle groups work together to create a posterior pelvic tilt?
 
    Hip Extensors & Trunk Flexors
 
    Hip Flexors & Trunk Flexors
 
    Neck Flexors & Hip Extensors
 
    Hip Extensors & Hip Abductors
2 points   
QUESTION 45
1.    If a person has a flat back posture, which of the following muscle imbalance would be associated with it?
 
    Tight hip flexors
 
    Weak abdominals
 
    Weak gluteus medius
 
    Tight hamstrings
2 points   
QUESTION 46
1.    The BEST way to stretch the tensor fascia lata muscle is to perform which motion(s)?
 
    Hip flexion and internal rotation
 
    Hip flexion and abduction
 
    Hip extension and hip adduction
 
    Hip extension only
2 points   
QUESTION 47
1.    What movements combine together to create the pronation position of the foot?
 
    Dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
 
    Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction
 
    Plantar flexion, inversion, and abduction
 
    Dorsiflexion, inversion, and adduction