University of North Carolina

MICROBIOLO

UNIT 3

HUMAN IMMUNITY

1)Define homeostasis and give an example:

2. Distinguish negative from positive feedback and give examples.

3. Explain how negative feedback affects your ability to not overheat and to not become too cold.

4. We’ll be thinking about sleep as a model of homeostasis. One great example of homeostasis is sleep. We can feel when we are out of balance with this one. And it affects our immune system too. Because sleep is such an important component of wellness overlooked during the college years, let’s learn a bit about it!

Use the link below to read the article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/opinion/sunday/goodnight-sleep- clean.html?_r=0

“Goodnight. Sleep Clean.”

New York Times By MARIA KONNIKOVAJAN. 11, 2014

Use an analogy with trash to explain the value of sleep and the potential problems with too little sleep.

5. How has sleep changed over the past decade for the public?

Chapter 24: Immunity

1. True or false (and explain your answer). Only girls need to get the HPV vaccine.

2. Is an immune system unique to humans?

3. List some external barriers of the innate system that prevent infection:

4. Describe these cells of the innate system:

5. What does activation of the complement system do to invading pathogens?

6. Why is widening (dilation) and leakiness of blood vessels useful for an inflammatory response by the immune system? What chemical is responsible for dilation/leakiness of blood vessels?

7. What are some clues that there is a systemic inflammatory process (infection) taking place in the body?

8. Why is the inflammatory response considered part of the innate immune system?

9. Figure 24.3 gives an overview of ways that innate and adaptive immunity are different, what are these?

10. Why does adaptive immunity differ from individual to individual? depends on which pathogens an individual has been previously exposed to 10.Define the following terms:

11. If you have swollen lymph nodes, what is likely going on in your body?

12. Two important features of adaptive immunity are listed, what do these mean?

1. Adaptive immunity is highly specific: (be sure to use the words antigen and antibody in your descriptions)

2. Adaptive immunity has memory:

13. What are two ways to achieve active immunity to a specific pathogen Naturally: get the flu

14. How is passive immunity different? Have you ever been passively immunized? What are some examples?

15. Now we get into the “nuts and bolts” for adaptive immunity.

1. What are the two types of lymphocytes? Discuss how they recognize such a huge

diversity of antigens:

2. Compare and contrast the two parts of the “dual defense” of adaptive immunity:

16. True or false: (explain) an antigen can be recognized by more than one type of antigen receptor.

17. True or false (explain): An antigen is the same thing as a bacterium.

18. Envision that a particular virus, chicken pox, has just entered the body. We might need millions of B and T cells to combat this virus. But, we only have a few B cells and a few T cells currently in the body that can recognize chicken pox virus. In a brief description, what has to happen?

19. Memory cells can be B or T cells once clonal expansion has occurred. What is the role of memory B cells in the humoral response? How do they become important when the chicken pox virus in encountered a second time?

20. Using figure 24.8, describe differences in the speed and strength of the primary and secondary humoral response. Be sure to start by looking on the X and the Y axis.

21. Antibodies themselves do not kill pathogens. How do they help to kill pathogens though?

22. Explain the concept of herd immunity and what happens when not enough people in a population are vaccinated.