Georgia State University

NUTR 2100

Exam 3

1)Which of the following provide energy?

1. 1. Vitamin A
   2. Vitamin B12
   3. Vitamin D
   4. Calcium

E. None of the above

2. Breakfast cereals are fortified with, which is important for pregnant women because it helps prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida in the infant.
   1. Vitamin C
   2. Sodium c. Folate

4. Potassium
5. All of the above

3. Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in                                         .
   1. Meats
   2. Grains

c. Vegetables d. Dairy foods

e. Fruits

4. Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12?
   1. Pecans
   2. Hamburger
   3. Cauliflower
   4. Whole grain bread
   5. Plain soy or rice milk

5. Your friend from high school just moved to Seattle to do research on bats in caves. She typically works in the caves all day and leaves at sundown when the bats are active. Which of the following would you most likely advise she buy regularly at the grocery store?
   1. Whole grain bread
   2. Vitamin D fortified milk
   3. Vitamin A fortified carrot juice
   4. Omega 3 fatty acid fortified milk
   5. Vitamin K rich whole grain cereals

6. The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n):
   1. Peroxide
   2. Coenzyme c. Antioxidant

4. Free radical
5. Immune stimulant

7. Jarvis takes a blood thinner to prevent blood clotting and lower his risk for stroke. His doctor recommends that he avoid                                                                        which would interfere with the medication and promote blood clotting.

Vitamin K

1. 1. Vitamin B6
   2. Antioxidants
   3. Calcium
   4. Vitamin C

8. Vitamin K can be consumed in the diet and is also produced in the                                        .
   1. Heart
   2. Lungs
   3. Kidneys
   4. Large intestine
   5. Blood

9. Jenna cuts out fat from her diet completely because she thinks dietary fat intake is contributing to uncontrolled weight gain. What vitamin would Jenna no longer be able to absorb?
   1. Vitamin C
   2. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin A

4. Potassium
5. All of the above

10. What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
    1. Scurvy b. Pellagra

3. Wet beriberi
4. Pernicious anemia
5. Scaly dermatitis

11. How can the body lose fluid?
    1. Urine
    2. Vapor from lungs
    3. Swear
    4. Feces
    5. All of the above

12. What could happen if you consistently have below the recommendation of water intake?
    1. Urinary stones
    2. Constipation

1. 3. Diarrhea
   4. Frequent urination e. A and B

13. Which organ is most vital in regulating body fluid?
    1. Liver
    2. Small intestine c. Kidney

4. Pancreas
5. None of the above

14. Peter played baseball for 1 hour under relatively cool weather. Which of the following is best choice for him to rehydrate?
    1. Sports drinks

b. Energy drinks c. Water

d. 100% juice

15. Which mineral is important to bone health?
    1. Calcium
    2. Phosphorus
    3. Magnesium
    4. Sodium
    5. All of the above

16. Tim is a 70 year old male. He was told by his friend that he should take calcium supplement to maintain bone health. He found a calcium supplement at a health store that provides 1500 mg of calcium per tablet. Tim follows the instruction on the bottle and takes 2 tablets a day. What could happen to Tim?
    1. Loss of teeth
    2. Increase appetite
    3. Blurry vision d. Kidney stone

17. June was recently diagnosed with hypertension (high blood pressure). Her doctor recommends that she limit sodium intake to 2300 mg daily. Which of the following foods contains the most sodium?
    1. 100% juice
    2. Cake
    3. Frozen pizza
    4. Banana
    5. Hot tea

18. What is meant by the bioavailability of a vitamin in food?
    1. The total amount available from plant and animal food
    2. The amount absorbed and subsequently used by the body

1. 3. The amount that escapes destruction from food processing
   4. The number of different chemical forms of the vitamin
   5. The number of kcal that can be produced from the vitamin

19. Which 2 vitamin deficiencies can both result in pernicious anemia?

1. Choline and vitamin B12 b. Folate and vitamin B12

3. Vitamin C and folate
4. Vitamin A and vitamin E

20. What is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficiency?
    1. Inadequate intake
    2. Increased excretion
    3. Inadequate absorption
    4. Increased losses in food preparation
    5. Inadequate digestion

21. Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
    1. Antiviral

b. Antifungal c. Antioxidant

d. Emulsifying agent

22. Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?
    1. Tryptophan
    2. Chlorophyll

c. Xanthophyll d. Beta-carotene

e. Phylloquinone

23. Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body’s synthesis of vitamin D?
    1. Cholesterol
    2. Tryptophan
    3. Beta-carotene
    4. Eicosopentaenoic acid
    5. Histamine

24. A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin                                       .
    1. A
    2. B12

c. C

d. D

e. E

25. Jane buys milk that is sold in clear glass containers at the grocery store. Which of the following vitamins is lost compared to milk stored in opaque plastic bottles?
    1. Retinol
    2. Retinal
    3. Retinoic Acid d. Riboflavin

26. Savannah’s pediatrician observes that she is iron deficient, so she is referred to a registered dietitian for a nutrition consult. The dietitian likely tells Savannah to increase her consumption of                which contains the most absorbable form of iron.
    1. Rice
    2. Spinach c. Chicken

4. Orange juice
5. Watermelon

27. A goiter is likely seen with a deficiency of                                       .
    1. Iron
    2. Zinc c. Iodine

4. Selenium
5. Manganese

28. James is a Georgia State athlete. He practices outside in the heat every day for 2 hours and spends 1 hour in the weight room, so he sweats profusely. What mineral does James likely lose in the greatest quantity?
    1. Sodium
    2. Bicarbonate
    3. Phosphate
    4. Calcium
    5. Iron

29. An appropriate level of bicarbonate is necessary to:
    1. Activate angiotensin
    2. Help with digestion
    3. Maintain acid-base balance
    4. Activate calcitonin
    5. Regulate breathing

30. Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency?
    1. Extreme thirst
    2. Muscle weakness
    3. Profound sweating
    4. Lowered blood pressure
    5. Hypoglycemia

31. Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to:
    1. Provide energy for cells
    2. Provide rigidity for the bones and teeth
    3. Regulate the transmission of nerve impulses
    4. Maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits
    5. Maintain muscle health and function

32. The DASH diet plan was devised to help prevent or reduce:
    1. Dehydration
    2. Constipation

c. Osteoporosis d. Hypertension

e.   Diabetes

33. Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known as:
    1. Hypertension b. Hyponatremia

3. Hyperkalemia
4. Hypodiuresis

34. Susannah has had a stomach virus for 2 days. She cannot keep down fluids and has had severe vomiting and diarrhea. What is she at risk for?
    1. Electrolyte imbalance
    2. Iron deficiency
    3. Food allergies
    4. Swelling
    5. All of the above

35. Trace minerals are nonessential, meaning, your body can make them.

36. Water is one of the 6 classes of nutrients.

37. Vitamins can be used to cure diseases.

38. Retinol is the most readily absorbable from of Vitamin A.

39. The risk of toxicity is higher for water soluble vitamins than fat soluble vitamins.

Match the following vitamin/mineral with the disease associated with deficiency.

40. Vitamin A –
41. Thiamin -

42. Vitamin C –
43. Iron –
44. Iodine –
45. Calcium –

46. List 3 functions of water in the body.

47. Joan is pregnant. She consumes 1 cup of fortified pasta, 1 cup of fortified cereals, and 1 prenatal vitamin. She obtains 100 ug synthetic folate from the supplement, 130 ug synthetic folate from fortified cereal, 80 ug of synthetic folate from fortified pasta. She also consumes 110 ug of naturally occurring folate from other foods in her diet. (6 points: 2 for correct answer, 2 for work, 2 for meets RDA)
    1. Calculate Joan’s dietary folate equivalent:

1. 2. Does her dietary folate equivalent meet the RDA for her specific condition?

48. Mario takes a vitamin A supplement that contains 3000 IU of vitamin A. 65% is retinol and 35% is beta-carotene Calculate the RAE of the retinol and beta-carotene provided by the supplement. Show your work. (6 points: 2 points for each correct answer, 1 point each for showing work)

49. Sally has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. She is a vegetarian, and she does not want to take an iron supplement because it makes her constipated. What two nutrition recommendations could you give to help increase her iron level?

50. Todd drinks bottled water only because he thinks bottled water is cleaner. (6 points)
    1. What vitamin/mineral does Todd likely lack? Why?