Concordia University - BIOL 203

Chapter 3 The Remarkable Body

MULTICHOICE

1)Which of the following descriptions best represents cells?

 

1. speed up chemical reactions

 

2. building blocks of the body

 

3. vital components of foods

 

4. self-contained living entities

 

 

 

 

2. Along with oxygen, what is one of the cells' most basic needs?

 

1. alcohol

 

2. energy

 

3. proteins

 

4. fats

 

 

 

 

3. On average, how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?

 

1. every 3 days

 

2. every 2 weeks

 

3. every 4 months

 

4. every 12 months

 

 

 

 

4. Which of the following types of cells are unable to reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease?

1. red blood cells

 

2. muscle cells

 

3. brain cells

4. skin cells

 

 

 

 

5. Which of the following body components determines the nature of the cell's work?

 

1. genes

 

2. enzymes

 

3. red blood cells

 

4. organs

 

 

 

 

6. What do cells release as a waste product from the burning of oxygen and nutrients?

 

1. water

 

2. glycogen

 

3. amino acids

 

4. carbon dioxide

 

 

 

 

7. Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?

 

1. blood

 

2. lymph

 

3. plasma

 

4. intracellular fluid

 

 

 

 

8. Which one of the following organs chemically alters materials so that they can be used by other tissues?

1. gallbladder

 

2. small intestine

 

3. kidneys

4. liver

 

 

 

 

9. Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar (glucose)?

1. insulin

 

2. grehlin

 

3. glucagon

 

4. epinephrine

 

 

 

 

10. What is the name for the hormone and the organ that respond to a drop in blood glucose levels in the body?

1. glycogen and liver

 

2. insulin and liver

 

3. glucagon and pancreas

 

4. thyroxin and thyroid

 

 

 

 

11. What is the name for the hormone released by the small intestine and signals the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid for the digestion process?

1. pepsin

 

2. proteases

 

3. secretin

 

4. cholecystokinin

 

 

 

 

12. Which of the following body changes occurs as part of the stress response?

 

1. liver releases glucose from its stores

 

2. muscles relax

3. digestive system slows down

 

4. blood pressure decreases

 

 

 

 

13. Which of the following coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?

 

1. liver

 

2. pancreas

 

3. spinal cord

 

4. brain

 

 

 

 

14. Why might a person be able to eat when hunger sensation is absent?

 

1. the stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs

 

2. the conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals

 

3. the digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus

 

4. the hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients

 

 

 

 

15. What is the name for the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood, such as

glucose content and salt content?

 

1. cerebrum

 

2. pituitary gland

 

3. hypothalamus

 

4. frontal lobe

 

 

 

 

16. What is the term used to describe proteins made by the immune system that combine with and inactivate specific antigens?

1. phagocytes

2. helper T-cells

 

3. antibodies

 

4. microbes

 

 

 

 

17. Which of the following cells is the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

 

1. phagocytes

 

2. T-cells

 

3. lymphocytes

 

4. B-cells

 

 

 

 

18. Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?

 

1. helper T-cells

 

2. T-cells

 

3. A-cells

 

4. B-cells

 

 

 

 

19. Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?

 

1. antibodies

 

2. T-cells

 

3. B-cells

 

4. phagocytes

 

 

 

 

20. What is the name of the disease in which the body's helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed?

1. cystic fibrosis

2. AIDS

 

3. muscular dystrophy

 

4. diabetes

 

 

 

 

21. Which of the following hormones is thought to be a "hunger hormone"?

 

1. secretin

 

2. gastrin

 

3. grehlin

 

4. glucagon

 

 

 

 

22. What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?

 

1. making chyme

 

2. pushing food through the digestive tract

 

3. helping nutrients pass into the lymph system

 

4. reabsorbing water

 

 

 

 

23. Human taste buds have an inborn aversion for which of the following food items?

 

1. pears

 

2. pudding

 

3. broccoli

 

4. fruit juice

 

 

 

 

24. Which of the following functions does the pancreas perform?

 

1. manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients

 

2. adds acid and fluid to the large intestine

3. reabsorbs water and minerals

 

4. conducts bile to the small intestine

 

 

 

 

25. What is the primary task of the colon during digestion and absorption of food?

 

1. reabsorption of water

 

2. neutralizing stomach acid

 

3. absorption of vitamins

 

4. breakdown of proteins

 

 

 

 

26. What is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

 

1. mouth

 

2. small intestine

 

3. large intestine

 

4. stomach

 

 

 

 

27. What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for controlling the release of partly digested food into the small intestine?

1. esophageal sphincter

 

2. intestinal valve

 

3. pyloric valve

 

4. colon valve

 

 

 

 

28. In what part of the body does chemical digestion begin?

 

1. stomach

 

2. mouth

3. liver

 

4. small intestine

 

 

 

 

29. The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient or nonnutrient?

 

1. carbohydrate

 

2. fat

 

3. fibre

 

4. protein

 

 

 

 

30. You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormones cause the release of what substance?

1. bile

 

2. hydrochloric acid

 

3. mucus

 

4. bicarbonate

 

 

 

 

31. Which of the following compounds is released in an effort to neutralize the acidic contents of the stomach before entering the small intestine?

1. bile

 

2. chyme

 

3. gastric juice

 

4. bicarbonate

 

 

 

 

32. The lymphatic vessels are initially responsible for transporting which of the following products of digestion?

1. fat

2. protein

 

3. minerals

 

4. carbohydrate

 

 

 

 

33. As a person becomes malnourished, the absorptive surface of the small intestine responds in which of the following ways?

1. expands in length

 

2. becomes more efficient at its job

 

3. shrinks in size

 

4. remains unchanged

 

 

 

 

34. What is the common name for the burning sensation in the chest area caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?

1. hernia

 

2. hiccups

 

3. ulcer

 

4. heartburn

 

 

 

 

35. Which of the following advice about reducing intestinal gas is the most accurate?

 

1. rinse canned beans before consuming them

 

2. chew gum between meals

 

3. suck on hard candies after eating a fatty meal

 

4. increase consumption of carbonated beverages

 

 

 

 

36. What should you do to alleviate heartburn?

1. drink liquids during meals

 

2. wear tight fitting clothing

 

3. eat smaller meals

 

4. lie down after meals

 

 

 

 

37. Which of the following recommendations would assist most with the long-term alleviation of constipation?

1. take a laxative

 

2. drink enough water

 

3. limit physical activity

 

4. consume foods with starch

 

 

 

 

38. How long does it take for the liver's glycogen supply to be depleted if it is not replenished by food?

1. 1-3 hours

 

2. 3-6 hours

 

3. 4-8 hours

 

4. 6-9 hours

 

 

 

 

39. Which of the following foods do you need to consume in intervals throughout the day?

 

1. fat-containing foods

 

2. mineral-rich foods

 

3. vitamin-rich foods

 

4. carbohydrate-containing foods

 

 

40. The body is able to store potentially large amounts of which nutrient?

 

1. fat

 

2. water

 

3. protein

 

4. glycogen

 

 

 

 

41. What are the recommended limits for the consumption of alcohol for the average-sized healthy woman?

1. 3 drinks per day

 

2. 4 drinks on any occasion

 

3. 10 drinks per week

 

4. 15 drinks per month

 

 

 

 

42. What is the percentage of alcohol in 90 proof liquor?

 

(A) 10%

 

(B) 45%

 

(C) 63%

 

(D) 90%

 

 

 

 

43. Which of the following is considered one alcoholic drink?

 

1. 50 mL (2 oz) shotglass of vodka

 

2. 142 mL (5 oz) glass of wine

 

3. 250 mL (4 oz) can of beer

 

4. 500 mL (8 oz) bottle of wine cooler

 

 

44. Which of the following situations is most likely to make a person intoxicated almost immediately when drinking alcoholic beverages?

1. when drinks are mixed with very little water

 

2. when carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time

 

3. when drinks are consumed quickly

 

4. when the stomach is empty

 

 

 

 

45. Which of the following organs makes most of the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

 

1. brain

 

2. stomach

 

3. pancreas

 

4. liver

 

 

 

 

46. How does alcohol affect body functions?

 

1. it strengthens the body's defences against infection

 

2. it slows down the synthesis of fatty acids

 

3. it alters amino acid metabolism

 

4. it decreases urine output

 

 

 

 

47. Which of the following actions will restore sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol?

1. drinking coffee

 

2. eating food

 

3. walking

 

4. passing of time

 

 

48. Which vitamin is most dramatically affected by excess alcohol in the body?

 

1. vitamin A

 

2. folate

 

3. thiamine

 

4. vitamin B6

 

 

 

49. What medical condition could be suspected for an individual who reports regularly consuming large amounts of alcohol, has inadequate food intake, and shows signs of poor muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and damaged nerves?

1. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

 

2. osteoporosis

 

3. heart disease

 

4. stomach ulcer

 

 

 

 

 

TRUEFALSE

 

50. Cells form tissues that perform specialized tasks. Tissues are grouped together to form whole organs.

1. True

 

2. False

 

 

 

 

51. Body fluids provide tissues with a continuous supply of energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.

1. True

 

2. False

 

 

 

 

52. Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at

certain times.

 

1. True

 

2. False

 

 

 

 

53. The body's saliva is strongly acidic.

 

1. True

 

2. False

 

 

 

 

54. Alcohol needs assistance from digestive juices to ready it for absorption.

 

1. True

 

2. False

 

 

 

 

55. The body stores some nutrients in much smaller quantities than other nutrients.

 

1. True

 

2. False

 

 

 

 

 

ESSAY

 

56. Describe how hormones affect nutrition.

 

 

 

 

57. Describe what instinctively occurs within the body during the stress response and the number one health consequence for people living in modern civilization.

 

 

58. Briefly describe the actions of the body's phagocytes and lymphocytes.

 

 

 

59. Differentiate between the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion.

 

 

 

 

60. Explain how the lining of the digestive tract is able to remain intact despite begin in

contact with powerful digestive juices and enzymes.

 

 

 

 

61. How would you respond to the statement, "people should not consume fruit and meat at the same meal"?

 

 

 

 

 

62. Describe what happens to digestion and absorption in cases of severe undernutrition.

 

 

 

 

63. Explain how hiccups develop.

 

 

 

 

64. What is chronic constipation and how does it impact an individual's long-term health?

 

65. Explain the effects of antacids in managing heartburn.

 

 

 

 

66. Explain why sources of carbohydrate should be consumed at intervals throughout the day.

 

 

 

 

67. Who should not drink alcoholic beverages at all?

 

 

 

68. What advice would you give to someone interested in improving appetite with alcohol?