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Homework answers / question archive / Azusa Pacific University - UNRS 260 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1)According to body mass index values, what percentage of the U

Azusa Pacific University - UNRS 260 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1)According to body mass index values, what percentage of the U

Health Science

Azusa Pacific University - UNRS 260

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1)According to body mass index values, what percentage of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

A : 59

B : 63

C : 69

D : 72

 

 

 

  1. : An estimated                    percent of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years are either overweight or obese.

A : 12

B : 32

C : 40

D : 48

 

 

 

  1. : One characteristic of fat cell development is that                              .

A : the amount of fat in the body is substantially determined by the size of the fat cells

B : more and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons C : fat cell number increases most readily during early adulthood, when energy expenditure declines

D : fat cells may enlarge but not increase in number upon reaching the age of 50  

  1. : Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty, he continued to gain weight steadily until the age of 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. What most likely happened to Toms fat cells?

A : They shrank in size but did not decrease in number. B : They melted away when he burned all the excess fat.

C : They decreased in number but did not decrease in size.

D : They changed very little since fat cells shrink only with a weight loss greater than 100 pounds.

 

 

 

  1. : What is a characteristic of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme? A : In men, the enzyme activity is high in abdominal fat cells.

B : Obese people who lose weight show markedly higher enzyme activity.

C : Obese people have less enzyme activity in their adipocytes than lean people do.

D : In women, the enzyme activity is low in fat cells within the breasts, hips, and thighs.

 

  1. : What best describes the results of an increase in LPL activity? A : Fat storage becomes more efficient.

B : The cells are less likely to obtain energy from glucose. C : The liver increases production of triglycerides.

 

D : The rate of weight loss is increased.

 

  1. : Which description best defines the bodys set point? A : the minimum weight of a person

B : the maximum weight of a person

C : the point at which a persons weight plateaus before dropping again quickly

D : the point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight  

  1. : Women often have a more difficult time losing fat in general, and from the hips and thighs in particular. What best describes this rationale?

A : Women have increased amounts of ghrelin in their bodies.

B : A womans liver produces greater amounts of glycogen than a mans liver. C : When women lose weight, their fat cells do not shrink in size.

D : The release of lower body fat is less active in women.  

  1. : What occurs as fat cells accumulate triglycerides? A : The fat cells decrease in number.

B : Energy expenditure exceeds energy intake. C : The fat cells expand in size.

D : Lipoprotein lipase is released.  

  1. : Fat cells increase in number the most during which time period? A : infancy

B : childhood and adolescence C : young adulthood

D : middle adulthood  

  1. : What is a characteristic of the risk for obesity? A : It is higher in fraternal than in identical twins.

B : It is associated more with environment than genetics.

C : It is usually higher in people with more brown adipose tissue.

D : It is higher in people who have obese friends, siblings, or spouses.  

  1. : What best describes the connection between weight gain and genetics? A : Obese people can change their genomes but not their epigenomes.

B : Exercise has little, if any, effect on the genetic influence on weight gain.

C : Identical twins are half as likely to weigh the same compared with fraternal twins.

D : Adopted children tend to have body weights similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents.

 

 

 

 

  1. : What describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance? A : Fat cell sensitivity to leptin is higher in obese people.

B : A deficiency of leptin is characteristic of all obese people.

C : Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat.

D : Major functions of leptin include an increase in hunger and a decrease in metabolic rate.  

  1. : What is a feature of leptin? A : It is an enzyme.

B : It is a satiety signal.

C : It is usually deficient in obese people.

D : It is secreted by the brain and acts on fat cells.  

  1. : What is a feature of ghrelin?

A : It is a metabolic antagonist of leptin.

B : It stimulates appetite and energy storage.

C : It allows blood levels in the fasting state to correlate directly with body weight.

D : It is released in high amounts from adipocytes during periods of excess energy intake.

 

  1. : Human adults have little brown fat, which is stored primarily around which area of the body? A : the lower back

B : the neck and clavicle C : the hips and thighs D : the abdomen

 

 

 

  1. : What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue? A : increased loss of energy as heat

B : reduction of fat cell numbers C : lowering of basal metabolism

D : proliferation of fat cell numbers

 

  1. : Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year?

A : black B : white C : brown D : yellow

 

 

 

  1. : What statement best describes the features of physical inactivity and energy balance? A : There is a strong genetic component to reduced physical activity of overweight people.

 

B : Differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day.

C : Although watching television correlates with weight gain, playing video games does not, presumably due to the heightened excitement engendered by action games.

D : Extraordinarily inactive people who lower their food intakes below that of their lean counterparts activate brown adipose tissue uncoupling proteins that stimulate hyperthermic weight loss.

 

 

 

  1. : The concept of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is best described as the                                               . A : minimum weight of a person required to balance energy input with output

B : rate at which a person is so inactive that they still have energy surplus C : point at which a persons weight plateaus before dropping again quickly D : energy expended in spontaneous everyday activities

 

 

 

  1. : Aggressive weight loss treatment should be introduced in overweight people if they have which risk factor?

A : a history of breast cancer B : age over 40

C : high LDL and low HDL D : orthostatic hypotension

 

 

 

  1. : When performing an obesity evaluation, the disease risk profile takes into account family history, life- threatening diseases, and                                               .

A : body mass index

B : socioeconomic factors C : waist circumference

D : common risk factors for chronic diseases  

  1. : Millions of people in the United States use over-the-counter weight-loss products and approximately    percent are of normal weight.

A : 5

B : 10

C : 20

D : 30

 

 

 

  1. : A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a(n)                                         . A : fad diet

B : discretionary diet

C : spot reduction program

D : aggressive bariatric program  

 

  1. : What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?

A : The costs are prohibitive.

B : The products were found to be ineffective for weight loss.

C : The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures.

D : The products were found to contain contaminants that were believed to be responsible for inducing liver failure.

 

 

 

  1. : What statement accurately describes weight-loss remedies?

A : Dietary supplements are not necessarily tested for safety or effectiveness.

B : Body wraps and creams that have FDA approval are helpful for weight-reduction regimes.

C : Sauna baths may reach temperatures high enough to melt visceral but not subcutaneous fat stores.

D : Hot baths raise the metabolic rate by 510% for 12 hours and may serve as part of a general weight-loss program.

 

 

 

  1. : The FDA has identified more than                               products within herbal products and dietary supplements that contain undeclared, active pharmaceutical ingredients that can have serious consequences.

A : 15

B : 40

C : 75

D : 150

 

 

 

  1. : What is a feature of prescription drug use for treatment of obesity?

A : Most drugs may be safely prescribed even in otherwise healthy obese people.

B : Most experts believe that drugs should not be used because obesity is not a disease.

C : Most currently available drugs are highly effective in both the short and long term treatment of obesity.

D : Off-label drugs are commonly taken for their modest weight loss effects.  

  1. : The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating the utilization of                                        . A : blood insulin

B : norepinephrine

C : hormone-sensitive lipase

D : adipocyte lipoprotein lipase  

  1. : Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and is taking drugs to lose weight. He has heard that some drugs cause gastrointestinal discomfort and would prefer to take one that doesnt give him any of these side effects. What should be prescribed for Mr. Sinclair?

A : Xenical B : Alli

C : Belviq

 

D : Qsymia  

  1. : What is the primary action of the weight-loss drug orlistat? A : It reduces taste sensation.

B : It inhibits lipoprotein lipase. C : It inhibits pancreatic lipase.

D : It alters circulating leptin concentrations.  

  1. : What is a feature of gastric surgery for the treatment of clinically severe obesity? A : Weight regain almost never occurs.

B : Surgery is always an irreversible medical procedure.

C : Gastric surgery is less effective than traditional liposuction.

D : Gastric surgery diminishes the amount of food that can be eaten without GI distress.

 

  1. : What best describes an advantage of the gastric banding procedure for weight loss? A : It requires no need for adjustments after surgery.

B : It has been shown to be more reliable and effective than some other types of surgery. C : It has the highest success rate for weight loss of any bariatric surgery procedure.

D : It is less invasive than some other forms of bariatric surgery.

 

  1. : What best describes a characteristic of liposuction? A : Blood pressure and insulin sensitivity often improves.

B : The typical loss of body weight ranges from 2550 pounds. C : Within a year, body fat returns, primarily to the abdomen.

D : Liposuction is a valid but slightly less effective alternative to gastric bypass.

 

  1. : What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people? A : 0.5 to 2 pounds per week

B : 3 to 5 pounds per week

C : 5 percent body weight per month D : 10 percent body weight per month

 

 

 

 

  1. : As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?

A : 500 kcalories B : 800 kcalories C : 1200 kcalories D : 1600 kcalories

 

 

 

 

  1. : Which activity would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?

A : decreasing portion sizes

B : selecting fewer energy-dense foods

C : restricting fiber intake as a means to reduce excess water retention

D : consuming a small high-fat snack before each meal to reduce appetite  

  1. : Charlene tries to maintain a consistent energy intake of 1800 kcalories per day. How much protein does this kcalorie level allow for on a daily basis?

A : 3 oz.

B : 5 oz.

C : 6 oz.

D : 8 oz.

 

 

 

  1. : An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to                                   . A : decrease water intake

B : increase physical activity

C : speed up thyroid activity with metabolic enhancers

D : develop ketosis by keeping carbohydrate intake as low as possible  

  1. : The use of artificial sweeteners to control body weight                                  . A : may lead to weight gain in some people

B : automatically lowers a persons daily energy intake

C : delays gastric emptying time, leading to enhanced satiety D : triggers epinephrine secretion, which suppresses appetite

 

 

 

  1. : A person who weighs 150 pounds and walks at a pace of 3.5 miles per hour expends about how many kcalories in that hour?

A : 115

B : 315

C : 410

D : 850

 

 

 

  1. : What statement best describes the bodys response to engaging in physical activity? A : After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours.

B : Lower body fat is more readily lost from vigorous exercises that work primarily the hip and leg muscles.

C : Blood glucose and fatty acid levels are low immediately after working out, but thereafter recover on their own.

D : After an intense workout, most people immediately feel the urge to eat a large carbohydrate meal to replace glycogen stores.

 

 

 

 

  1. : What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?

A : The feeling of thirst overpowers the desire for food. B : The elevated blood lactate level antagonizes ghrelin.

C : Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood.

D : The senses of smell and taste are suppressed for at least one hour.

 

  1. : What best explains the relationship of spot reducing to exercise?

A : No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body. B : Upper body fat is mostly unaffected by exercising lower body muscles.

C : Lower body fat in women is depleted at a faster rate than abdominal fat. D : Abdominal fat in men is released more readily with anaerobic exercise.

 

 

 

  1. : Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss?

A : 2000

B : 4000

C : 6000

D : 9000

 

 

 

  1. : To help maximize the long-term success of a persons weight-loss program, which personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual?

A : strongly believing that weight can be lost

B : viewing the body realistically as being fat rather than thin

C : refraining from expressing overconfidence in the ability to lose weight

D : accepting that little or no exercise is a part of the lifestyle of most overweight people  

  1. : An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to                                        . A : feel guilty after overeating

B : keep a record of eating habits C : always clean your plate

D : have someone watch you to prevent overeating

 

  1. : What is the relationship between smoking and weight maintenance? A : Smokers on average weigh about 5 pounds more than nonsmokers. B : Smoking a cigarette increases the appetite for energy-dense foods.

C : People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 pounds in the first year.

D : Psychotherapy is effective at reducing either smoking or body weight but not both.  

  1. : Approximately what percentage of overweight people who intentionally lose weight are able

 

to maintain at least a 10 percent weight loss for at least one year? A : 5

B : 17

C : 50

D : 85

 

 

 

  1. : Which recommendation is an example of a national strategy to prevent obesity? A : Limit television time to less than 20 hours per week.

B : Encourage media messages that promote physically active lifestyles.

C : Support a diet that encourages high energy-density foods with low nutrient-density foods. D : Promote energy expenditure of at least 3000 kcalories per week to prevent weight gain.

 

 

 

  1. : Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults is classified as underweight? A : 0.2

B : 2

C : 5

D : 10

 

 

 

  1. : A person is classified as being underweight when his BMI is below                                         . A : 14

B : 18.5

C : 20

D : 22.5

 

 

 

  1. : One difference between a person with anorexia nervosa and other underweight people is that    .

A : people with anorexia may weigh less than 70 pounds at times B : anorexia causes malnutrition

C : starvation is intentional with anorexia

D : those with anorexia strive to control their weight

  1. : Which kind of food is most appropriate for an underweight individual who needs to gain weight?

A : avocados B : donuts

C : dried apricots D : chocolate

 

 

 

  1. : What strategy would be most beneficial for an underweight person to gain weight? A : Consume at least three meals per day.

B : Eat until satisfied but not full.

 

C : Skip snacking and focus on regular meals. D : Avoid exercise, which promotes weight loss.

 

 

 

  1. : John is underweight because of a prolonged illness. What approach would be most beneficial for helping John to gain some weight?

A : increasing intake of potassium-rich foods

B : reducing energy expenditure by increasing resting times

C : increasing fluid intake through water and sugar-free beverages D : consuming a high-kcalorie, high-protein liquid formula daily

 

 

 

  1. : Fad diets often produce weight loss, at least initially, because they                                        . A : dictate the  distribution of energy among the macronutrients

B : prevent rapid spikes and declines in blood glucose levels

C : dont require people to count kcalories, and are thus easier to stick to D : are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcalories per day

 

 

 

  1. : What is a characteristic of most fad diets?

A : They produce long-lasting results just like healthy diets. B : They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake.

C : They are balanced and therefore do not require a dietary supplement.

D : Their success depends on the ratios of macronutrients more than the total energy value.  

  1. : Jody is taking a nutrition class and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which statement in the magazine would suggest that this plan is a fad diet?

A : On this plan, you can lose up to 2 pounds per week!

B : Once you complete this 6-month plan, youll never have to diet again.

C : Keep fresh fruit or carrot sticks in the fridge at work so you wont be tempted to raid the vending machine for a snack.

D : Starting an aerobic exercise plan may seem daunting, but you can start out with shorter, easier sessions and then build up to 3 or more hours a week.

 

 

 

  1. : Carol is considering a diet plan that claims that by following their method, she will create body confusion, which prevents metabolism from settling into homeostasis. Which diet method is Carol most likely considering?

A : the Biggest Loser Diet B : the Dukan Diet

C : the 17-Day Diet

D : the New Sonoma Diet  

 

MATCHING

  1. : Match each value or word or phrase with the most appropriate definition or explanation.

 

A : percentage of U.S. adults considered overweight or obese

 

A : 1

 

B : an enzyme that promotes fat storage                                B : 2

 

C : a term that describes environmental influences that promote weight gain

D : a theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by internal controls

E : substitution of positive, supportive thoughts for negative, self-defeating thoughts

 

C : 10

 

D : 40

 

E : 60

 

F : hormone that regulates appetite in response F : 69 to body fat levels

G : hormone that stimulates appetite                                      G : leptin

 

H : a high-protein, low-kcalorie diet that promotes permanent weight loss

 

H : orlistat

 

I : type of adipose that primarily stores fat                             I : ghrelin

J : type of adipose that primarily produces heat J : New Sonoma

 

K : percentage of nonprescription weight-loss product users in the United States who are at a normal weight

L : substance in some herbs that may cause heart attacks and seizures

M : a diet that promotes coastal California-style foods in controlled portions

 

K : set point

 

 

L : white fat M : Dukan

 

N : surgical procedure on the stomach                                     N : brown fat O : inhibitor of pancreatic lipase                                                      O : ephedrine

 

P : minimum BMI of a clinically severe obese person

 

P : liposuction

 

Q : a cosmetic surgical procedure that removes Q : bypass fat deposits

R : safe rate of weight loss, in pounds per week R : lipoprotein lipase

 

S : recommended minimum number of minutes per day of moderately intense physical activity to prevent weight gain

T : percentage of U.S. adults classified as underweight

 

S : cognitive restructuring

 

 

T : obesogenic

 

 

 

 

 

 

ESSAY

  1. : Briefly describe the change in trends of obesity in the United States within the last four decades.

 

 

  1. : Explain the association between ghrelin secretion and sleep.

 

 

  1. : Describe the differences between white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue.

 

 

  1. : Explain the factors involved in the promotion of obesity by high-fat diets and food portion sizes.

 

 

  1. : Describe psychological problems encountered by obese people in their attempts to lose weight.

 

 

  1. : Discuss the safety and efficacy of liposuction as a means of body fat reduction.

 

 

  1. : Explain what is meant by spot reducing and discuss its effectiveness in altering body fat content.

 

 

 

  1. : Provide an explanation for the higher food consumption of people who eat in the presence of others.

 

 

  1. : Explain the role of behavior modification strategies in weight reduction programs.

 

 

  1. : Why are fad diets so popular?

 

 

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