Miami Dade College, Miami - MNA 2120

Chapter 3

1)An attitude is

1. A. one's perception that the cause of behavior is either internal or external
2. B. the set of standards by which the individual lives
3. C. your belief in your capability to perform in a specific situation
4. D. a strong belief or feeling toward people, things, and situations
5. "I must be alert so that the employees don't slacken their productivity," said Bob, the manager. His attitude is reflective of which of the following?
   1. Expectation theory
   2. Theory X
   3. Hawthorne effect
   4. Theory Y
6. Dylan, the newly appointed manager, believes in his employees and gives them a lot of freedom to do their work without much supervision from him. His attitude reflects which of the following?
   1. Expectation theory
   2. Theory X
   3. Halo effect
   4. Theory Y

4. Maria, the new assistant manager, expects her employees to report to her every week with a detailed productivity report. Her attitude illustrates which of the following?
   1. Self-actualization theory
   2. Theory Y
   3. Theory X
   4. Halo effect
5. Jonathan tend's to look for the natural goodness in his employees and his employees have reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Jonathan's attitude can be classified under which of the following?
   1. Theory Y
   2. Expectation theory
   3. Theory X
   4. Self-actualization theory

6. "I'm here to see if you are adhering to the schedule." This statement reflects which of the following?
   1. Theory Y
   2. Self-actualization theory
   3. Theory X
   4. Halo effect
7. "How many times do I have to tell you not to do it that way?" This statement is an attitude of someone who believes in which of the following?
   1. Theory X

7. 2. Self-actualization theory
   3. Theory Y
   4. Halo effect
8. Which theory states that supervisors' attitudes and expectations of employees, and how they treat them largely determine employee performance?
   1. Expectation theory
   2. Pygmalion effect
   3. Hawthorne effect
   4. Halo effect

9. Being pessimistic and self-depreciating at the first sign of failure is associated with which of the following?
   1. Being negative
   2. Being optimistic
   3. Listening to people
   4. Successful thinking
10. When a manager gives feedback to an employee he is trying to:
    1. determine employee attitude about the work environment.
    2. make working conditions as pleasant as possible.
    3. provide consequences.
    4. change employee attitude.

11. Which of the following statements reflects a positive attitude?
    1. "How many times do I have to tell you not to do it that way?"
    2. "Don't ask me. I just work here."
    3. "I'm an important member of our department's team."
    4. "I am not to blame. The manager gave me no time."

12.A set of attitudes toward work is called           .

1. job satisfaction
2. the Pygmalion effect
3. self-efficacy
4. the Hawthorne effect

13. "I'm doing a good job, and I'm in line for a promotion." Which determinant of job satisfaction does this statement reflect?
    1. Job security
    2. Supervision
    3. Growth and upward mobility
    4. Pay

14. "I enjoy fixing cars; it is often challenging to determine what is wrong and how to fix it." Which determinant of job satisfaction does this statement reflect?
    1. Work itself
    2. Growth and upward mobility
    3. Pay
    4. Supervision

15. Which of the following is indicative of how work itself can be a determinant of job satisfaction?
    1. "I have a tight schedule as the manager is very particular about deadlines being met."
    2. "I am looking forward to a promotion as I had a highly productive quarter."
    3. "I enjoy dealing with the challenges in my job as they increase my knowledge."
    4. "I always find that my colleagues are very cordial despite our obvious differences."

16. Rhonda loves her job and is very satisfied with her compensation. She is further motivated to perform efficiently when she hears that incentives will be given to efficient employees. Which of the following would be Rhonda's determinant for job satisfaction?
    1. Coworkers
    2. Work itself
    3. Supervision
    4. Pay

17. Samantha loves going to work because she has made many friends at work. Her job satisfaction can be attributed to which of the following determinants?
    1. Coworkers
    2. Growth and mobility
    3. Pay
    4. Supervision

18. Jeff earns well and belongs to a good team but he is quite dissatisfied with his boss and the critical remarks he receives despite his best efforts. Jeff's lack of job satisfaction can be attributed to which of the following determinants?
    1. Pay
    2. Supervision
    3. Coworkers
    4. Growth and mobility

19.         is your overall attitude about yourself.
    1. Self-reflection
    2. Self-concept
    3. Self-efficacy
    4. Self-awareness
20. One's personality is partly based on          .
    1. self-awareness
    2. self-confidence
    3. self-concept
    4. self-reflection

21. Which of the following describes one's belief in one's capability to perform in a specific situation?
    1. Self-awareness
    2. Self-concept
    3. Self-efficacy
    4. Self-effort

22. The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when:
    1. the cause of behavior is either internal or external.
    2. your expectations affect your success or failure.
    3. you self-examine conscious thoughts and feelings.
    4. you observe others' behavior and do not know the reason for it.

23. Negative human relations occur when the cause of behavior is believed to be         .
    1. internal
    2. stereotypical
    3. external
    4. cultural
24.           is one's perception that the cause of behavior is either internal or external.
    1. Internalization
    2. Attribution
    3. Arbitration
    4. Transition

25. Which of the following is indicative of positive self-concept?
    1. "I can never finish work on time."
    2. "I can come to office on time only once in a while."
    3. "It is very hard to be successful with a boss like that."
    4. "I know I'll get better at this with practice."

26. Which of the following is indicative of negative self-concept?
    1. "I know my hard work will pay off soon."
    2. "I was never ever meant to be promoted."
    3. "I believe that it will get better with each day at work despite the deadline."
    4. "Despite the bad day at work today I am hoping to do my best tomorrow."

27. Which of the following would help improve one's self-concept?
    1. Perceiving that the cause of behavior is either internal or external.
    2. Reconciling with oneself as a separate entity from the environment and other individuals.
    3. Willingness to take responsibility for one's actions.
    4. Ability to introspect one's thoughts and feelings.
28. One way of improving your self-concept is by            .
    1. developing emotional intelligence
    2. increasing technical knowledge
    3. avoiding risks
    4. interacting on a personal level with colleagues

29. Briana considers herself a failure. She has changed several jobs in the last year and is trying hard to hold on to the one she has right now. If she is willing to take responsibility for her poor performance and improve, Briana should:
    1. increase her expectations.
    2. identify the people she can blame.
    3. develop a positive self-concept.
    4. make social comparisons.
30. Briana needs to improve her self-concept. She should:
    1. be critical of her accomplishments.
    2. give and accept compliments.
    3. always keep a realistic and down-to-earth attitude to life.
    4. be a fighter and get what she wants at any cost.
31. Dana, a corporate executive, is hoping for a promotion in the next quarter. She feels that in order to be more productive and have better relationships, she should build a more positive self- concept. Which is the first step Dana should take in order to accomplish this?
    1. Set goals and visualize them
    2. Develop a plan and implement it
    3. Identify her strengths and areas for improvement
    4. Look for scope for improvement in the initial plan

32. Dana is in the process of identifying her strengths and areas that need improvement. Which of the following should she keep in mind at this time?
    1. Reflect on some of her accomplishments
    2. Set her goals and visualize them
    3. Develop her plan and implement it
    4. Look for scope for improvement in her initial plan

33. After setting short-term and long-term goals and visualizing them, what should the next step be in building a positive self-concept?
    1. Identifying strengths and areas that need improvement
    2. Placing goals where one can review them several times each day
    3. Starting and ending each day with positive thoughts about oneself
    4. Developing a plan and implementing it

34. Which of the following refers to a set of standards by which an individual lives?
    1. Spiral Dynamics
    2. Value system
    3. Value-neutral
    4. Judgment call

35.           are more stable than attitudes.
    1. Perceptions
    2. Behaviors
    3. Values
    4. Personalities

36. Value changes over the years are often a major part of what is referred to as the      .
    1. cultural gap
    2. generation gap
    3. achievement gap
    4. gender gap
37. Which of the following is a guideline for personal and professional development from a spiritual perspective?
    1. Reaching actualization
    2. Knowing others
    3. Acting with authenticity
    4. Staunchly following your belief system

38.             is the moral standard of right and wrong behavior.
    1. Ethics
    2. Attribution
    3. Spirituality
    4. Value

39. People who use power for personal benefit or to help others are called        .
    1. leaders who are emotionally stable
    2. leaders with agreeableness dominance
    3. leaders with surgency dominance
    4. leaders who are open to new experiences

40. Which of the following is true of the conventional level in moral development?
    1. Behavior is motivated by universal principles of right and wrong.
    2. One seeks to balance the concerns for self with those of others and the common good.
    3. One must be obedient to authority to avoid punishment.
    4. It is common for followers to copy the behavior of the leaders and group.

41. Which of the following is true of the postconventional level in moral development?
    1. Behavior is motivated by universal principles of right and wrong.
    2. One must be obedient to authority to avoid punishment.
    3. Peer pressure is used to enforce group norms.
    4. It is common for followers to copy the behavior of the leaders and group.

42. Which of the following is true of the preconventional level in moral development?
    1. Behavior is motivated by universal principles of right and wrong.
    2. One must be obedient to authority to avoid punishment.
    3. Peer pressure is used to enforce group norms.
    4. One seeks to balance the concerns for self with those of others and the common good.

43. 63.

Highly               and unsupervised situations increase the odds of unethical behavior.

1. 1. competitive
   2. dynamic
   3. disorganized
   4. creative

44. Moral justification is the process of:
    1. blaming one's unethical behavior on others.
    2. comparing oneself to others who are worse.
    3. reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.
    4. minimizing the harm caused by the unethical behavior.
45.           is the process of claiming the victim deserved whatever happened, or the unethical behavior

was caused by someone else's behavior.

1. 1. Disregard for or distortion of consequences
   2. Euphemistic labeling
   3. Diffusion of responsibility
   4. Attribution of blame

46.           is the process of blaming one's unethical behavior on others.
    1. Diffusion of responsibility
    2. Disregard for or distortion of consequences
    3. Displacement of responsibility
    4. Attribution of blame
47.           is the process of reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.
    1. Diffusion of responsibility
    2. Moral justification
    3. Displacement of responsibility
    4. Attribution of blame

48. Which of the following is true of the Rotary International four-way test?
    1. "Is it fair to all concerned?"
    2. "Will it build ethical practices?"
    3. "Does it break any laws?"
    4. "Will it be beneficial to the one using this test?"

49.             refers to ethical decisions that are made based on the ethical standards of a particular country.
    1. Regionalism
    2. Universalism
    3. Relativism