American Public University - SCIN 138 B001

Lab Lesson 14: Economic Geology and Resources

1 through 4 are based on Lab Exercise #1: Structure Contour Map.

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #1:

1)At what elevations are the productive oil wells?

A.4000 and 4150 feet

B.4100 and 4150 feet C.4150 and 4200 feet

Correct   D.4200 and 4250 feet

 

 

 

 

 

Question 2

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #1: # 4. Within what elevation range is the oil field?

A.4000–4300 feet

B.4200–4250 feet

Incorrect   C.4150–4300 feet D.4000–4250 feet

 

 

 

 

Question 3

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #1: # 5. Approximately how deep beneath Earth’s surface is the oil field?

A.3200–3350 feet

Incorrect   B.3250–3300 feet C.3100–3500 feet D.4000–4250 feet

 

 

 

 

 

Question 4

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #1: # 6. What type of petroleum trap does this appear to be?

A.a simple stratigraphic trap (updip pinchout) B.an unconformity-related stratigraphic trap

C.a fold-related structural trap

Incorrect   D.a fault-related structural trap

 

 

Question 5

 

5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Finding Petroleum.

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 10. The elevation of the bottom of the Bonanza Sandstone at point X in Figure 14.11 is

A.400 feet above sea level. B.1,500 feet above sea level.

Correct   C.1,100 feet above sea level. D.1,900 feet above sea level.

 

 

 

 

Question 6

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 13. What is the geological term for what is happening at the high end of this structure?

1. It is metamorphosed.
2. It is lithifying.
3. It is a structural trap.        D.It is pinched out.

 

 

 

 

Question 7

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, #14. Which type of hydrocarbon trap is depicted in Figure 14.11?              

A.a simple stratigraphic trap

B.an unconformity-related stratigraphic trap

C.a fold-related structural trap

D.a fault-related structural trap

 

 

 

 

 

Question 8

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 18. What kind of geologic structure has the shape depicted by the structure contour map in Figure 14.12?

Incorrect   A.a joint

B.a fold

C.a normal fault

D.a reverse fault

 

 

 

Question 9

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 19. Describe the thickness of the formation in Figure 14.12 based on the isopach contours. fold. fold.

1. It is more than 400-feet thick at the lowest point of the syncline.
2. It is more than 400-feet thick at the top of the anticline and 0 feet at the syncline.
3. It is more than 400-feet thick to the west and pinching out to the east near the top of a

Correct   D.It is more than 400-feet thick to the east and pinching out to the west near the top of a

 

 

 

 

Question 10

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 20. The type of trap depicted in Figure 14.12 is

A.a simple stratigraphic trap.

B.an unconformity-related stratigraphic trap.               C.a fold-related structural trap.

D.a fault-related structural trap.

 

 

 

 

Question 11

 

Record your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 32. At which point in Figure 14.12 would you, as a petroleum geologist, recommend for the test well to be drilled?

A.A

Correct   B.B C.C

D.D

E.E

 

 

 

 

Question 12

 

The organic matter, or hydrocarbon raw material, is derived primarily from A.dinosaurs.

B.ancient swamp vegetation.

C.mammoths and mastodons.

Correct   D.microscopic marine and aquatic organisms.

 

 

Question 13

 

During the petroleum formation process, the organic matter is preserved in an A.oxygenated environment with an influx of fine sediment.

B.oxygenated environment with no influx of fine sediment.

Correct   C.oxygen-deficient environment with an influx of fine sediment. D.oxygen-deficient environment with no influx of fine sediment.

 

 

 

 

Question 14

 

Of the following, the best petroleum reservoir rock would be

A.a massive granite.

B.a banded gneiss.

C.a massive siltstone.

Correct   D.a poorly cemented sandstone.

 

 

 

 

Question 15

 

A sedimentary rock that frequently acts as a cap rock is A.limestone.

B.gypsum. C.sandstone.

Correct   D.shale.

 

 

 

 

Question 16

 

A sedimentary rock that often contains large amounts of oil but is not a reservoir rock is A.granite.

B.gypsum. C.sandstone.

Correct   D.shale.

 

 

 

 

Question 17

 

A solid organic substance found in sedimentary rocks and thought to be a precursor to oil is

A.coal.

Correct   B.kerogen. C.natural gas.

D.shale.

 

 

 

 

Question 18

 

If a reservoir rock contains water, the oil and natural gas will A.react with the water to form a carbonate.

B.disperse.

C.be trapped beneath the water in the reservoir rock.

Correct   D.rise above the water to the top of the reservoir rock.

 

 

 

 

Question 19

 

                                  is when a reservoir rock terminates by tapering off between two layers of impermeable rock.

1. Isopach B.Kerogen

Correct   C.A pinch out

D.A fold-related trap

 

 

 

 

Question 20

 

The order in which fluids settle within a reservoir rock, from top to bottom, is               A.natural gas, oil, and water.

2. oil, natural gas, and water.
3. natural gas, water, and oil.
4. water, natural gas, and oil.

 

 

 

 

Question 21

 

Structural traps are caused by

A.a change in the permeability of the reservoir rock.               B.deformation of the rock strata.

C.pinching out of the reservoir rock.

D.a change in the density of the reservoir rock.

 

 

 

 

Question 22

 

Examples of possible structural traps are A.horizontal rock strata.

2. pinch outs.
3. angular unconformities and disconformities.      D.folds and faults.

 

 

 

 

Question 23

 

Which of the following is an example of a stratigraphic trap? A.an anticline

Correct   B.an angular unconformity overlaid by shale

C.a fault

4. horizontal rock strata

 

 

 

 

Question 24

 

The contours on an isopach map represent               A.thickness.

B.elevation. C.depth.

D.the direction of dip.

 

 

 

 

Question 25

 

Elevations on a structure contour map are generally relative to Lesson 14/Economic Geology and Resources 333

Correct   A.mean sea level. B.Earth’s surface at that location.

C.the average continental elevation.

D.the nearest disconformity.

 

 

Question 26

 

Which of the following does NOT give geologists data about subsurface structures? A.surface exposures of promising rock structures

B.data from previously drilled wells               C.x-ray technology

D.seismographic data

 

 

 

 

Question 27

 

If the data about a subsurface structure looks promising, the next step is to drill a A.discovery well.

B.dry hole.

Correct   C.test well. D.producing well.

 

 

 

 

Question 28

 

A structure contour map describes A.Earth’s surface above a structure.

Correct   B.the top surface of a structure. C.the thickness of a structure.

D.the bottom surface of a structure.

 

 

 

 

Question 29

 

Oil and natural gas formation require that organic material be exposed to which of the following? A.lack of oxygen and low temperature

Correct   B.lack of oxygen, pressure, and heat C.carbon dioxide, pressure, and heat

D.high pressure and low temperature

 

 

 

 

 

Question 30

 

30 and 31 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Finding Petroleum. Based on your answer to Lab Exercise #2, #

30. Point D is a better place to drill than point B.

 

True False

 

 

 

 

 Question 31

 

Based on your answer to Lab Exercise #2, # 31. Investing in drilling a well at Point E would be a good idea because that location is almost sure to produce oil.

 

True False

 

 

 

 

Question 32

 

Petroleum formed from tiny marine and aquatic organisms that settled to the bottom of the ocean or a lake and accumulated in an oxygen-rich environment.

 

True False

 

 

 

Question 33

 

The contour lines on a structure contour map are given relative to surface elevation. Incorrect

 

True False