University of Wisconsin, La Crosse - IS 220

Chapter 3 Data and Knowledge Management

1)Which of the following is not a challenge in managing data?

1.         The amount of data available is getting larger each year.

2.         The amount of data necessary to transmit a GB of data is more than 1 GB.

3.         Managing the physical equipment that handles the information.

4.         The amount of data is getting smaller each year.

5.         Data rot.

 

2.         Which of the following is an example of unstructured data?

a.         A student identification number.

b.         A product bar code.

c.         A driver’s license number.

d.         A video clip on the Internet.

e.         A ZIP or postal code.

 

3.         Which of the following is not a source of corporate data?

a.         Corporate databases.

b.         Company documents.

c.         Personal experiences of employees.

d.         Intrinsic motivation.

e.         Industry reports.

 

4.         What is a database?

a.         A computer file that contains important documents and free-form texts.

b.         The smallest unit of data a computer can process that consists only of a 0 or a 1.

c.         A logical grouping of characters into a word, a small group of words, or an identification number.

d.         A logical grouping of related files.

e.         A diagram that represents entities and their relationships.

 

5.         What is an entity?

(a)        A characteristic or quality of a particular person, place, or thing.

(b)        A person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained.

(c)        A piece of information that uniquely identifies a person, place, or thing.

(d)        A representation of binary information in a format that humans can understand.

(e)        A diagram that depicts and captures a real-world scenario in a multimedia format.

 

6.         What is a primary key?

(a)        A binary value that forms a basic building block of a database file.

(b)        A group of binary values that represents a single character.

(c)        A specific, unique representation of a person, place, or thing.

(d)        An attribute or a group of attributes that uniquely identifies a record in a database.

(e)        A logical grouping of related records in a database

 

7.         What is a database management system?

(a)        A logical grouping of related computer files into one central folder.

(b)        A set of binary values that collectively represents a person, place, or thing with a unique identifier for each attribute.

 

(c)        A logical representation of entity classes and their attributes in a graphical format that nontechnical database users can understand.

(d)        A hierarchical grouping of binary files into a treelike structure.

(e)        A set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access, modify, and analyze data stored in one location.

 

8.         What is normalization?

(a) When an electronic document defines the format necessary to enter the data into the database.

       (b) A method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form.

(c)        A database procedure that involves extracting, transforming, and loading data.

(d)        An administrative policy that limits access to the most crucial data files within a company.

(e)        A set of logical steps to ensure the highest level of data security and privacy.

 

9.         What is a data warehouse?

(a)        Documentation that defines the format of information to be entered into a database.

(b)        A repository of information that defines how often a database should be updated and why the database is needed.

(c)        A repository of data that are organized by business dimension or subject to support decision making.

(d)        Documentation that provides general guidelines for data security and privacy policies.

(e)        A repository of data that are grouped according to their level of security hierarchy.

 

10.       List three of the basic characteristics of data warehouses.

(a)        Day-to-day transaction data, integration of multimedia data, and a full security mechanism.

(b)        Inclusion of only the most up-to-date data, organization by business departments, and full access provided to both external and internal business constituents.

(c)        Access provided only to top management, multiple redundancies, and inclusion of external data sources.

 (d) Integration of multiple data, inclusion of nonvolatile data, and multidimensional data.

(e) 100 percent accuracy, inclusion of real-time transaction data, and top-level security access.

 

11.       True or False? A data warehouse is intended to provide access to the most up to date information available.

 

12.       True or False? The amount of data is increasing exponentially over time.

 

13.       It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons?

a. The amount of data stays about the same over time.

b. Data are scattered throughout organizations.

c.         The decreasing amount of external data needs to be considered.

d.         Data security is easy to maintain.

e.         Data are stored in the same format throughout organizations.

 

14.       When customers access a Web site and make purchases, they generate    .

a.         tracking cookies

b.         information

c.         clickstream data

d.         Web data

e.         hyperlink data

15. True or False? The primary key is a field that uniquely and completely identifies a record.

 

16. In a relational database, the customer record contains information regarding the customer's last name. The last name is a(n):

1. attribute
2. entity
3. primary key
4. object
5. relation

 

17. True or False? When various copies of the data agree, this is an example of data integrity.

 

18. Place the following members of the data hierarchy in the correct order:

1. bit – byte – field – record – database – file
2. bit – field – byte – record – file – database
3. byte – bit – record – field – database
4. bit – byte – field – record – file – database
5. bit – record – field – byte – file – database

 

19. A(n)            is a logical grouping of related fields.

1. byte
2. field
3. record
4. file
5. database

 

20. In a database, the primary key field is used to          .

1. specify an entity
2. create linked lists
3. identify duplicated data
4. uniquely identify a record
5. uniquely identify an attribute

 

21. True or False? Normalization is a method for eliminating redundant data elements.

 

22. True or False? The data dictionary defines the format necessary to enter data into a database.

 

23. Data dictionaries perform all of the following functions except:

1. Providing information on each record
2. Providing information on why attributes are needed in the database
3. Defining the format necessary to enter data into the database
4. Providing information on name of attributes
5. Providing information on how often attributes should be updated

 

24. A standardized language used to manipulate data is          .

1. MS-Access
2. Oracle

3. query-by-example language
4. structured query language
5. data manipulation language

 

25.            is a method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form.

1. Structured query
2. Normalization
3. Query by example
4. Joining
5. Relational analysis

 

26. True or False? Transferring data from the organization's operational databases into its data warehouse is called data reconciliation.

 

27. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics?

1. They are organized by subject.
2. They are coded in different formats.
3. They are updated in real time.
4. They are typically retained for a defined, but limited, period of time.
5. They are organized in a hierarchical structure.

 

28. Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics?

1. cost less
2. have longer lead time for implementation
3. have central rather than local control
4. contain more information
5. are harder to navigate

 

29. Which of the following is an example of explicit knowledge?

1. experiences
2. insights
3. procedural guides
4. expertise
5. skill sets

 

30. Explicit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?

1. objective
2. personal
3. slow
4. costly to transfer
5. ambiguous

 

31. The most important benefit of knowledge management systems is:

1. improved customer service.
2. they make best practices available to employees.
3. retention of scarce knowledge if employees retire.
4. improved morale.
5. more efficient product development.

32. True or False? It is easy to manage all the data coming into an organization.

 

33. True or False? The best way to capture the data in an organized format is to use a database.

 

34. True or False? Increasing amounts of external data need to be considered in making organizational decisions.

 

35. True or False? Data rot refers to the quality of the data itself.

 

36. True or False? Master data are generated and captured by operational systems.

 

37. True or False? It is important for applications and data to be dependent on each other.

 

38. True or False? A negative value for a student’s grade point average is an example of a data integrity problem.

 

39. True or False? An entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained.

 

40. True or False? An attribute is any characteristic or quality that describes a particular entity.

 

41. True or False? The secondary key is a field that identifies a record with complete uniqueness.

 

42. True or False? Entity-relationship diagrams are documents that show the primary and secondary keys associated with a conceptual data model.

 

43. True or False? You would be an instance of your university’s STUDENT class.

 

44. True or False? The relational database model is based on the concept of three-dimensional tables.

 

45. True or False? Structured query language is a relational database language that enables users to perform complicated searches with relatively simple statements.  

 

46. True or False? The data dictionary stores definitions of data elements, characteristics that use the data elements, physical representation of the data elements, data ownership, and security. 

 

47. True or False? When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend on the primary key and any secondary keys.

 

48. True or False? In a data warehouse, existing data are constantly purged as new data come in.

 

49. True or False? An organization’s data warehouse generally maintains its operational data.   

 

50. True or False? Online analytical processing (OLAP) involves the analysis of accumulated data by end users.

 

51. True or False? Data marts are designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit or department.

52. True or False? Tacit knowledge is the more objective, rational, and technical types of knowledge.

 

53. True or False? Explicit knowledge refers to the cumulative store of subjective learning, which is personal and hard to formalize.       

 

54. Which of the following has (have) the broadest impact on an organization?

1. Decisions about hardware.
2. Decisions about software
3. Decisions about data
4. A and B
5. All of the above have an equal impact.

 

55. Which of the following is not a reason why managing data is difficult over time?

1. New systems are developed.
2. The media the data are stored on becomes problematic.
3. New sources of data are created.
4. The amount of data increases exponentially.
5. All of these are reasons why managing data is difficult over time.

 

56.            is a formal approach to managing data consistently across an entire organization.

1. Database management
2. Enterprise information management
3. Data warehousing
4. Data governance
5. Data mart

 

57.            provide(s) companies with a single version of the truth for their data.

1. Data warehouses
2. Data marts
3. Databases
4. Master data management
5. Enterprise information management

 

58. Organizations are turning to data governance for which of the following reasons?

1. They have too little data.
2. They are responding to federal regulations.
3. Their data are typically structured.
4. Their data are usually located in the organization’s databases.
5. Data across their organizations are generally consistent.

 

59.            describe the activities of the business, whereas            categorize(s), aggregate(s), and evaluate(s) data generated by the organization’s activities.

1. Transaction data, master data
2. Source data, transaction data
3. Operational data, master data
4. Master data, source data
5. Business dimensional data, databases

60. Not including alphabetic characters in a Social Security Number field is an example of          .

1. Data isolation.
2. Data integrity.
3. Data consistency.
4. Data redundancy.
5. Application/data dependence.

 

61.            occurs when applications cannot access data associated with other applications.

1. Data isolation
2. Data integrity
3. Data consistency
4. Data redundancy
5. Application/Data dependence

 

62.            occurs when the same data are stored in many places.

1. Data isolation
2. Data integrity
3. Data consistency
4. Data redundancy
5. Application/Data dependence

 

63.            occurs when various copies of the data agree.

1. Data isolation
2. Data integrity
3. Data consistency
4. Data redundancy
5. Application/Data dependence

 

64. Place the following members of the data hierarchy in their correct order:

1. Bit – byte – field – record – database – file
2. Bit – field – byte – record – file – database
3. Byte – bit – record – field – database
4. Bit – byte – field – record – file – database
5. Bit – record – field – byte – file -- database

 

65. In the data hierarchy, the smallest element is the          .

1. Record.
2. Bit.
3. Byte.
4. Character.
5. File.

 

66. A(n)            is a logical grouping of characters into a word, a small group of words, or a complete number.

1. Byte
2. Field
3. Record
4. File

5. Database

 

67. A(n)            is a logical grouping of related fields.

1. Byte
2. Field
3. Record
4. File
5. Database

 

68. A(n)            is a logical grouping of related records.

1. Byte
2. Field
3. Record
4. File
5. Database

 

69. A(n)            represents a single character, such as a letter, number, or symbol.

1. Byte
2. Field
3. Record
4. File
5. Database

 

70. In a database, the primary key field is used to          .

1. specify an entity
2. create linked lists
3. identify duplicated data
4. uniquely identify a record
5. uniquely identify an attribute

 

71.            are fields in a record that have some identifying information but typically do not identify the record with complete accuracy.

1. Primary keys
2. Secondary keys
3. Duplicate keys
4. Attribute keys
5. Record keys

 

72. As an individual student in your university’s student database, you are a(n)            of the STUDENT class.

1. instance
2. individual
3. representative
4. entity
5. relationship

 

73. Why is it important for a business to manage data efficiently?

1. Because databases will accept only organized data.

2. Because organized data become information and knowledge that are used in decision making.
3. Because organized data take up less storage space.
4. Because all data can be combined easily.

 

74. It is important that data be:

1. Available immediately.
2. Taken from several different sources.
3. Very detailed.
4. Relevant.

 

75. True or False? Data that comes from the Web is referred to as clickstream data.

 

76. True or False? Inconsistent data may be obtained due to many different sources.

 

77. Transaction data are:

1. Another name for master data.
2. A record of the activities of the business.
3. Necessary for the management of databases.
4. A way to prevent data rot.

 

78. Databases minimize which problem?

1. Data isolation
2. Data consistency
3. Data relationships
4. Data applications

79. The first step in creating a database should be:

1. Creating a data model.
2. Creating a table.
3. Creating a field.
4. Creating an entity.

 

80. True or False? Every record in a file must contain a field that serves as a unique identifier.

 

81. ER diagrams consist of all of the following except:

1. Attributes.
2. Relationships.
3. Entities.
4. Files.

 

82. True or False? A database management system is a set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access, modify, and analyze data stored in one location.

 

83. True or False? The relational database model is based on the concept of one-dimensional tables.

 

84. The most popular language used to request information from a database is:

1. XML.
2. C++.