Kent State University - SOC 1000

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1)Sociologists recognize that "personal" troubles, if occurring in patterned ways and to large numbers of individuals, reflect

1. 1. public issues.                                           c.   anomie.
   2. individualized problems.                         d. organic solidarity.

2. Tori's father loses his job during a time of economic crisis when many people are losing their jobs. Her mother is a skilled daycare worker with years of experience, but like many daycare workers, she cannot find any jobs that pay well. Sociologists would likely see the struggle of Tori's parents as
   1. a personal trouble.
   2. the fault of Tori's father for not providing for the family.
   3. the result of a socialist economy.
   4. a public issue.

3. Following C. Wright Mills, sociologists refer to breaking free from the immediacy of personal circumstances and putting things in a wider social context as the
   1. materialist conception of history.           c.   emergence of a double consciousness.
   2. sociological imagination.                        d. recognition of self.

4. Women began entering the workforce in larger numbers in the United States until it eventually became normal, altering women's structural place in society. This is an example of
   1. structuration.                                           c.   postmodernism.
   2. triangulation.                                           d. globalization.

5. What is the concept that sociologists use to understand the economic, political, and social interconnectedness of individuals throughout the world?
   1. globalization                                            c.   sociological imagination
   2. structuration                                            d. organic solidarity

6. When Juan drinks his morning coffee, he thinks about its production in Colombia, its transportation through many countries, the taxes and tariffs applied for international commerce, and the diverse array of social relations behind his drink. According to the textbook, one might say that Juan is using a

                perspective.

1. 1. bureaucratic
   2. postmodern
   3. global
   4. domestic

7. At the height of the most developed traditional civilizations, such as ancient Rome or preindustrial China,
   1. most of the population lived in urban areas.
   2. most people engaged in food production.
   3. most people fell in love.
   4. “falling in love” was a precondition for marriage.

8. Sociology was founded by thinkers who sought to understand the initial impact of transformations that accompanied
   1. the domestication of animals.
   2. the invention of writing.
   3. the invention of the printing press.
   4. industrialization in the West.

9. According to the textbook,             involve(s) constructing abstract interpretations that can be used to explain a wide variety of situations.
   1. factual research                                      c.   theories
   2. triangulation                                            d. formulating hypotheses

10. Which of the following statements related to the development of sociology is most accurate?
    1. At the start of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, sociology as a scientific discipline had been firmly established.
    2. Major historical events in the late 1700s and early 1800s forced thinkers to develop new understandings of both the social and natural worlds.
    3. Questions about human nature and why societies change had largely been solved by the late 1700s.
    4. The scientific study of human behavior dates back to the Middle Ages.

11.                 invented the word sociology.
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Émile Durkheim
    2. Auguste Comte                                        d. Max Weber

12. According to August Comte, what is the proper role of sociology?
    1. to observe human behavior without influencing it
    2. to study human society scientifically
    3. to restore religion to its proper central role in human society
    4. to overthrow the established social order

13. Which phrase best represents the beliefs of Herbert Spencer?
    1. "equality for all"
    2. "survival of the fittest"
    3. “all human history thus far is the history of class struggles”
    4. “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line”

14. According to              , sociology must study social facts—aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals—in order to become a science.
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Émile Durkheim
    2. Auguste Comte                                        d. Max Weber

15. Émile Durkheim believed that for a society to function and persist over time, its specialized institutions must work in harmony with each other and function as an integrated whole. He referred to this as
    1. social facts.                                              c.   ideology.
    2. social constraint.                                     d. organic solidarity.

16. Kevon believes that society should be looked at like a body, with each of the parts necessary to the functioning of the whole. His ideas most closely mirror those of which theorist?
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Harriet Martineau
    2. Émile Durkheim                                      d. Max Weber

17.                 argued that class struggles were what led to historical progress and development.
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Émile Durkheim
    2. Auguste Comte                                        d. Max Weber

18. Anita puts forward the idea that under capitalism, working people and their bosses will struggle against each other. From this struggle, a new kind of society will emerge. Her thoughts most closely mirror those of which theorist?
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Harriet Martineau
    2. Émile Durkheim                                      d. Max Weber

19. Society, according to Karl Marx, was
    1. a fully functioning grouping of social equals.
    2. primarily divided by social class.
    3. primarily divided by race.
    4. made of parts working together for the benefit of the whole.

20. The German sociologist Max Weber was highly influential in sociology for his studies of
    1. race relations.                                         c.   bureaucracies.
    2. gender relations.                                     d. suicide.

21. According to the textbook,             was the first to turn a sociological eye on previously ignored issues, such as marriage, children, domestic and religious life, and race relations.
    1. Émile Durkheim                                      c.   Harriet Martineau
    2. W. E. B. Du Bois                                       d. George Herbert Mead

22. Chris insists that any decent analysis of our social world must include investigations into the lived experiences of women. Chris's ideas match most closely with those of which theorist?
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Harriet Martineau
    2. Émile Durkheim                                      d. Max Weber

23.                 coined the term double consciousness to refer to the African American experience.
    1. W. E. B. Du Bois                                       c.   Harriet Martineau
    2. George Herbert Mead                            d. Robert Merton

24. Sangeeta argues that African Americans often see themselves through the eyes of white society. Her ideas most closely match with those of which theorist?
    1. Karl Marx                                                c.   Harriet Martineau
    2. Émile Durkheim                                      d. W. E. B. Du Bois

25. According to the textbook, George Herbert Mead reasoned that language allows us to become self- conscious beings—aware of our own individuality. This idea forms the basis of the theoretical perspective known as
    1. symbolic interactionism.                         c.   feminist theory.
    2. postmodern theory.                                 d. Marxism.

26. Mohammed believes that studies of human behavior should focus primarily on how we construct meaning through abstract representations. His position is closest to which theoretical perspective?
    1. functionalism                                           c.   symbolic interactionism
    2. Marxism                                                  d. feminist theory

27. Theorists of              , such as Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim, compared societies to the workings of a human body.
    1. functionalism                                           c.   feminist theory
    2. postmodern theory                                  d. symbolic interactionism

28. We might identify one of the latent functions of public schools as
    1. providing low-cost education to the public at large.
    2. teaching children skills required to function in society.
    3. training children to obey authority and grow up to become obedient workers.
    4. teaching children math and science.

29. Marxist and feminist theory often have different objects of study. Why are they both considered conflict theories?
    1. They regularly contradict each other.
    2. Marxists and feminists have both been historically ostracized by academia.
    3. They both focus on the role of power in shaping society.
    4. They are often criticized by people of color.

30. A key difference between functionalism and conflict theory is
    1. functionalism was developed at a time of great social upheaval.
    2. functionalism emphasizes cooperation while conflict theory stresses competition.

1. 3. functionalism is an example of microsociology, whereas conflict theory is an example of macrosociology.
   4. functionalism stresses the importance of science in the study of sociology.

31. Adherents of               contend that there are no longer any "grand narratives" or overall conceptions of history or society that make any sense.
    1. functionalism                                           c.   feminist theory
    2. postmodern theory                                  d. symbolic interactionism

ANS: B

32. Marissa rejects the idea that we can make historical claims about society progressively developing. Her idea most mirrors which theoretical perspective?
    1. functionalism                                           c.   symbolic interactionism
    2. postmodernism                                       d. feminist theory

33. The study of everyday behavior in situations of face-to-face interaction is usually called
    1. comparative research.                            c.   quantitative research.
    2. microsociology.                                       d. macrosociology.

34. Abbey studies how people negotiate personal space when they speak to each other in person by closely observing their behaviors. Her study is an example of
    1. quantitative research.                             c.   macrosociology.
    2. microsociology.                                       d.   survey research.

35. Jerome looks at how the global economy functions in continental free-trade zones. His studies might be described as
    1. an ethnography.                                      c.   macrosociology.
    2. microsociology.                                       d.   survey research.

36. Camilo wants to see whether people in France react the same way to authority as people in the United States. He will likely develop what kind of research question?
    1. factual question                                       c.   developmental question
    2. comparative question                             d. theoretical question

37. Florence is interested in researching how men's lives have changed as women have increasingly entered the workforce. What kind of research question will she be formulating?
    1. factual question                                       c.   developmental question
    2. comparative question                             d. theoretical question

38. Farhang begins his research knowing he wants to compare and contrast the lives of gay and straight teenagers. After some consideration, he decides that he will focus on the differences in self-esteem between gay and straight teenagers. What part of the research process is Farhang in?
    1. defining the research problem
    2. working out a design
    3. reviewing the evidence
    4. interpreting the results

39. After working out a design, what is the next step of the sociological research process?
    1. defining the research problem               c.   reviewing the evidence
    2. making the problem precise                   d. carrying out the research

40. Allen participated in religious rituals with members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for two years. He kept field notes of his experiences, identified major themes within the notes, wrote a paper about his process and results, and submitted the paper to a major research journal. What part of the research process is he in?
    1. defining the research problem               c.   reporting the findings
    2. reviewing the evidence                           d. interpreting the results

41. Identify which of the following research methods is qualitative.
    1. An observer takes notes on the nonverbal behavior of members of a focus group for car commercials.

1. 2. The number of people in a large gathering is recorded.
   3. Each person in a sample group is recorded as being either a U.S. citizen or a citizen of another country.
   4. A researcher compares countries’ currency rates.

42. In a(n)               , the sociologist works or lives with members of a group, organization, or community and perhaps participates directly in its activities as part of the research process.
    1. ethnographic study                                  c.   survey research study
    2. historical/comparative study                  d. experiment

43. Michelle has spent the past year among a subculture of twentysomethings who all listen to the same kind of music. She spends time with them, participates in their events, and observes their interactions and behaviors. All the while, she records what she witnesses in her field notebook. What kind of sociological research best describes what Michelle is doing?
    1. survey research                                       c.   ethnography
    2. experimental research                            d. comparative research

44. Jennifer wants to collect rich data about the lives of Native Americans who live on reservations. She wants to be able to not only document their lived reality but also to describe it as closely as possible.

The best method of research for this kind of study would be

1. 1. survey research.                                      c.   ethnography.
   2. experimental research.                           d. comparative research.

45. Elise collects data on homeless people in New York City by widely distributing structured questionnaires. What kind of sociological research best describes what she is doing?
    1. survey research                                       c.   ethnography
    2. experimental research                            d. comparative research

46. What is a characteristic of fixed-choice questions?
    1. They usually provide more detailed information than open-ended questions.
    2. Respondents express their views in their own words.
    3. They are considered qualitative data.
    4. Answers are easier to compare than answers to open-ended questions.

47. Identify which of the following is an example of random sampling method.
    1. A journalist approaches a table at a political event and asks everyone at the table their opinion of the host organization.
    2. A focus group, made up of volunteers, is asked what they think of three videos promoting water conservation.
    3. A health insurer uses a computer-generated random list of plan members to conduct a quality-control review.
    4. An administrative assistant sends a survey about her company's new product to everyone on a subscriber's mailing list.

48. A(n)                 enables a researcher to test a hypothesis under highly controlled conditions established by the investigator.
    1. ethnographic study                                  c.   quantitative study
    2. experiment                                              d. psychological method

49. Wesley conducts research that involves meeting with subjects in a controlled setting. He treats some subjects kindly but behaves rudely to others. He notes how the different groups react to his behavior to make inferences about how people react to kindness and rudeness in certain situations. His research would best be described as
    1. survey research.                                      c.   ethnography.
    2. experimental research.                           d. comparative research.

50. Max studies marriage rituals in Sweden, India, China, and South Africa to note similarities and differences in the ceremonies. His research would best be described as
    1. survey research.                                      c.   ethnography.
    2. experimental research.                           d. comparative research.

51. Laud Humphreys's studies on tearooms were controversial because he
    1. was completely honest with his research subjects.
    2. studied society to make it better.
    3. used deception in his research.
    4. focused on gay men.

52.                 is when the research study ends, and the investigator discusses with the subjects their concerns and acknowledges whether strategies such as deception were used.
    1. Informed consent                                    c.   IRB review
    2. Debriefing                                               d. Triangulation