Louisiana State University - HIST 2055

Chapter 18 Reconstruction: North and South

TRUE/FALSE

1)Radical Republicans generally neglected the needs of black education in the South.

 

                                           

 

2. During the war, the Republican-dominated Congress established a new Bank of the United States and sharply reduced tariffs.

 

                                           

 

3. President Johnson opposed the extension of the Freedmen’s Bureau.

 

                                           

 

4. Lincoln’s assassination resulted from a conspiracy that targeted him and other key government offi- cials.

 

                                           

 

5. The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

 

                                           

 

6. The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified during the Civil War.

 

                                           

 

7. After the House of Representatives impeached President Johnson, the Senate failed to convict him by just one vote.

 

                                           

 

8. The most popular religious denomination among blacks in the post-war South was Baptist.

 

                                           

 

9. Scalawags was the derogatory name given to native white Republicans in the South.

 

                                           

 

10. Defeat in the war made southern whites less religious.

 

                                           

 

11. Democrats generally favored “sound” or “hard” monetary policies.

 

                                           

12. The Crédit Mobilier scandal led to the expulsion of several congressmen accused of embezzling most of the profits of black-owned businesses that they helped establish.

 

                                           

 

13. In the Compromise of 1877, Republicans promised to withdraw federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina.

 

                                           

 

14. Waving “the bloody shirt” meant referring to the Civil War and the southern rebellion in order to dis- credit political opponents.

 

                                           

 

15. Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

 

                                           

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1. In the North, the Civil War especially elevated the power of:
   1. business leaders
   2. family farmers
   3. ministers
   4. teachers
   5. industrial workers

 

 

2. During the Civil War, Congress passed:
   1. a number of laws designed to ease the transition of the southern states from the Confeder- acy back into the Union
   2. the Morrill Tariff, which halved the average level of import duties
   3. the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave 160 acres to settlers who lived on the land for five years
   4. the Pullen Agriculture Act, which set standards governing tenancy on small farms
   5. laws for the strict regulation of railroads and factories

                                           

 

3. The South’s greatest monetary loss stemmed from:
   1. collapsed cotton prices
   2. loss of its slaves
   3. medical bills
   4. destruction of buildings
   5. cancellation of Confederate debts

                                           

 

4. After the war, rumors swept the South that ex-slaves would receive:
   1. free public educations
   2. positions in all levels of government

1. 3. an official apology from the U.S. government for centuries of oppression
   4. forty acres and a mule
   5. the confiscated weapons of Confederate soldiers

                                           

 

5. Among its many tasks, the Freedmen’s Bureau in the South:
   1. collected taxes
   2. delivered the mail
   3. set up schools
   4. built roads
   5. published newspapers

                                           

 

6. At the end of the Civil War, the newly freed slaves were given:
   1. small plots of land confiscated from southern planters
   2. forty acres and a mule
   3. medical and legal assistance from the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
   4. five dollars for every year they had served in bondage
   5. free tuition in any public school or college

                                           

 

7. Under Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction:
   1. loyal governments appeared in five states, but Congress refused to recognize them
   2. loyal governments were recognized by Congress in three southern states
   3. 10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be black
   4. 10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union
   5. leading Confederates would be sent to prison

                                           

 

8. The Radical Republicans supported all the following EXCEPT:
   1. full equality for ex-slaves
   2. congressional control of Reconstruction
   3. removal of southern planters from power
   4. Lincoln’s 10 percent plan
   5. the Wade-Davis Bill

                                           

 

9. Lincoln’s assassin, John Wilkes Booth:
   1. supported the Radical Republicans
   2. used a high-powered rifle
   3. was never apprehended
   4. shot him during a speech
   5. was a pro-Confederate actor

                                           

 

10. The states that had seceded were simply “out of their proper practical relation with the Union,” and the nation’s goal following the war was to return them to “their proper practical relation.” This statement was made by:
    1. Andrew Johnson
    2. Abraham Lincoln
    3. Thaddeus Stevens
    4. Benjamin Wade
    5. Charles Sumner

                                           

 

11. Lincoln’s successor, Andrew Johnson:
    1. was a pro-Union southerner
    2. supported black equality
    3. supported the interests of southern planters
    4. was Lincoln’s equal in political skill
    5. tried to repeal the Thirteenth Amendment

 

 

12. Andrew Johnson got off to a bad start as vice president when he:
    1. argued with Lincoln over military strategy
    2. expressed sympathy for the Confederates
    3. allied with the Radicals in Congress
    4. appeared to be drunk at Lincoln’s inauguration
    5. refused all newspaper interviews

                                           

 

13. Johnson’s Reconstruction plan:
    1. completely repudiated Lincoln’s
    2. would fairly quickly restore the Union
    3. gave the vote to all black men
    4. aimed to keep elite planters in power
    5. would leave the South completely unchanged

                                           

 

14. When discussing what to do with the former Confederate States, President Johnson:
    1. preferred the term reconstruction rather than restoration
    2. preferred the term restoration rather than reconstruction
    3. never made his opinion known to Congress
    4. preferred to let Congress decide their fate
    5. would often fly into a drunken rage

                                           

 

15. Andrew Johnson:
    1. came from an aristocratic Tennessee family
    2. believed in black equality and justice for the freedmen
    3. was well educated and well mannered

1. 4. favored the interests of small farmers over those of large planters
   5. was probably involved in the plot to assassinate Lincoln

                                           

 

16. When, in late 1865, the former Confederate states sent a number of ex-Confederates to Congress, the Unionists in Congress:
    1. denied them their seats
    2. shunned them socially
    3. gave them only minor committee assignments
    4. sincerely welcomed them
    5. called them traitors

 

 

17. The “black codes” enacted by southern legislatures:
    1. were accepted by Congress
    2. showed the South’s spirit of conciliation
    3. tried to restore key elements of slavery
    4. proved the success of Johnson’s Reconstruction plan
    5. forbade blacks to marry

                                           

 

18. The Radical Republicans understood that essential to maintaining Republican control of the federal government was:
    1. a quick restoration of the Union
    2. continued military occupation of the South
    3. close cooperation with President Johnson
    4. pardons for ex-Confederates
    5. the right of ex-slaves to vote

                                           

 

19. President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he:
    1. made a drunken appearance in public
    2. spoke in favor of the “black codes”
    3. released Jefferson Davis from prison
    4. vetoed a bill to continue the Freedmen’s Bureau
    5. addressed the Radicals in profane language

                                           

 

20. The Fourteenth Amendment:
    1. guaranteed equal legal protection to all citizens
    2. passed Congress but was rejected by the states
    3. rarely provokes conflicting interpretations
    4. was advocated by President Johnson
    5. ended Reconstruction

 

21. The Civil Rights Act of 1866:
    1. had the support of President Johnson, who had urged Congress to pass such a measure
    2. gave to adult black males the right to vote in local and state—but not national—elections
    3. was passed over Johnson’s veto
    4. was unconstitutional, according to most Radical Republicans
    5. made the Fourteenth Amendment unnecessary

                                           

 

22. The 1866 congressional elections:
    1. showed public approval of Johnson’s policies
    2. gave Republicans veto-proof majorities
    3. encouraged the South to be even more defiant
    4. were the first in which blacks could vote
    5. reduced the influence of the Radicals

                                           

 

23. The Military Reconstruction Act:
    1. was overturned by the Supreme Court
    2. showed the decline of Radical power
    3. required new state constitutions in the South
    4. removed federal troops from the South
    5. wiped out the “black codes”

                                           

 

24. Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when he tried to remove from his cabinet:
    1. Charles Sumner
    2. William Seward
    3. U. S. Grant
    4. Edwin Stanton
    5. Thaddeus Stevens

                                           

 

25. The Republican-dominated Congress:
    1. removed Johnson from office
    2. officially censured Johnson
    3. generated public sympathy for Johnson
    4. thanked Johnson for his service to the nation
    5. impeached Johnson

                                           

 

26. Of the eleven articles of impeachment, eight focused on the charge:
    1. of corruption
    2. that Johnson had unlawfully removed Edwin Stanton from office
    3. of sexual misconduct
    4. of tax evasion

1. 5. of disrespect for the dignity of the presidency

                                           

 

27. In the South, the Union League began to:
    1. organize groups of Republicans
    2. terrorize ex-Confederates
    3. acquire land for Union veterans
    4. defy Radical Reconstruction
    5. organize black laborers for higher wages

 

 

28. During Reconstruction, African Americans:
    1. passively awaited developments
    2. attempted to establish schools
    3. normally joined integrated churches
    4. terrorized their former masters
    5. refused to work for wages

                                           

 

29. During Reconstruction, African Americans in the political arena:
    1. supported Democrats as often as Republicans
    2. elected several black governors
    3. elected several hundred black legislators
    4. were led by blacks who had moved down from the North
    5. showed little enthusiasm for voting due to their need to make a living

                                           

 

30. Most carpetbaggers were:
    1. corrupt and greedy
    2. illiterate
    3. wealthy business owners
    4. Union veterans
    5. former Confederates

                                           

 

31. Most scalawags were white southerners who had:
    1. owned slaves
    2. served in the Union army
    3. changed their minds about race relations
    4. become educated
    5. opposed secession

                                           

 

32. The Radical state governments in the South did all the following EXCEPT:
    1. construct railroads

1. 2. cut taxes
   3. establish public schools
   4. build roads and bridges
   5. provide opportunities for ex-slaves

                                           

 

33. Because of the Confederacy’s defeat, religious-minded white southerners:
    1. began to seriously question their faith
    2. became less racist
    3. saw no reason to change their thinking
    4. prayed and went to church more often
    5. questioned the authority of their ministers

                                           

 

34. Northern voters supported Grant mainly because of his:
    1. military record
    2. skill as a politician
    3. support for black equality
    4. promise to punish ex-rebels
    5. pledge to retire the national debt

 

 

35. Advocates of “soft-money” or paper currency:
    1. tended to be merchants and bankers
    2. saw economic benefits in price inflation
    3. urged the elimination of greenbacks
    4. dominated the Grant administration
    5. wanted to cancel the national debt

                                           

 

36. “Hard-money” advocates argued that government war bonds should be:
    1. paid off in gold
    2. paid off in copper
    3. paid off in greenbacks
    4. cancelled
    5. handed out to Union veterans

 

 

37. Ulysses S. Grant:
    1. was elected president in 1868 despite the heavy black Democratic vote
    2. brought confidence and honesty to a national government torn by Reconstruction
    3. brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency
    4. pushed for civil service reform throughout his presidency
    5. was nominated by both major parties in the 1868 election

                                           

 

38. By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to the Reconstruction efforts had:

1. 1. dissipated
   2. led to a withdrawal of federal financial support
   3. turned violent
   4. taken on a peaceful approach
   5. renewed the civil war

                                           

 

39. Jay Gould and James Fisk triggered a scandal with their scheme to:
    1. embezzle public funds
    2. create a railroad monopoly
    3. corner the gold market
    4. sell damaged goods to the Indians
    5. bribe members of Congress

                                           

 

40. The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:
    1. national unity
    2. upholding southern honor
    3. starting a new civil war
    4. oppressing blacks and white Republicans
    5. raising money for Confederate widows

                                           

 

41. In response to the Klan, President Grant:
    1. did nothing
    2. endorsed their activities
    3. created a special federal police force
    4. ordered the army to crush it
    5. tried to protect black rights

                                           

 

42. The Liberal Republicans did all of the following EXCEPT:
    1. denounce corruption
    2. support civil service reform
    3. favor free trade
    4. support Horace Greeley for president
    5. back Radical Reconstruction

                                           

 

43. Which of the following contributed to a weakening of Republican control in the South?
    1. electoral fraud
    2. white supremacist violence
    3. the panic of 1873
    4. the growing weakness of Grant’s administration
    5. all of the above

                                           

44. The depression that began in 1873:
    1. lasted only a short period
    2. brought an end to paper money
    3. further damaged the Republicans
    4. actually benefitted farmers
    5. all of the above

                                           

 

45. The Specie Resumption Act, passed by Congress in 1875:
    1. finally reversed the post-war inflation that had stifled economic growth for almost a dec- ade
    2. called for the resumption of the policy of withdrawing greenbacks from circulation
    3. allowed for the redemption of greenbacks in gold
    4. had the support of the national Greenback party
    5. had the support of most western farmers

                                           

 

46. Why didn’t President Grant seek a third term in 1876?
    1. He was restricted by the Constitution to two terms.
    2. His wife did not want him to run again.
    3. He felt he was too old.
    4. By 1875, he acknowledged the growing opposition to his renomination.
    5. His alcoholism was revealed to the public.

                                           

 

47. The “Mulligan letters”:
    1. revealed the extent of corruption of the “whiskey ring” in St. Louis
    2. linked Republican James G. Blaine to shady railroad deals
    3. cost Horace Greeley the 1872 Republican presidential nomination
    4. revealed cases of vote fraud in three states in the election of 1876
    5. contained disrespectful remarks about Irish Americans

                                           

 

48. When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:
    1. no candidate had an Electoral College majority
    2. Hayes led Tilden in popular votes
    3. it was clear that a clean election had occurred
    4. the Democrats immediately conceded defeat
    5. the Supreme Court ordered a new election

 

 

49. The Electoral Commission, set up by Congress in January 1877:
    1. was designed to assure “a free ballot and a fair count” in future presidential elections
    2. consisted of fifteen members, five each from the House, the Senate, and the Supreme Court
    3. found some instances of fraud in the 1876 election but decided that the election should stand
    4. gave the electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina to the Democrats
    5. would replace the Electoral College in the 1880 election