Homework answers / question archive / 1)The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except: Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality   The U

1)The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except: Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality   The U

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1)The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except:

1. Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services
2. Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective
3. Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost
4. Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality

 

2. The U.S. healthcare system can best be described as:

1. Expensive
2. Fragmented
3. Market-oriented
4. All of the above

 

3. For most privately insured Americans, health insurance is:

1. Employer-based
2. Financed by the government
3. Privately purchased
4. None of the above

 

4. What is the meaning of the term ‘Access?’

1. All citizens have health insurance coverage
2. Availability of services
3. Employer-based health insurance
4. Ability to get health care when needed

 

5. Medicare is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement:

1. Elderly
2. Low-income
3. Children
4. Disabled

 

6. Medicaid is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement:

1. Elderly
2. Low-income
3. Children
4. Disabled

 

7. The primary functions of managed care include all of the following except:

1. Improving quality
2. Achieving efficiencies
3. Setting prices at which providers are paid
4. Controlling patients’ utilization of services

 

 

8. Under free market conditions, the relationship between the quantity of medical services

Demanded and the price of medical services is:

1. Unknown
2. Equal
3. Direct
4. Inverse

 

9. The role of the government in the U.S. healthcare system is:

1. Regulator
2. Major financer
3. Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rate-setter
4. All of the above

 

10. Which of the following countries has a National Health System (NHS)?

1. Japan
2. Great Britain
3. Australia
4. Germany

 

11. Which of the following is a characteristic of a national health insurance system?

1. The government finances health care through general taxes
2. Health care is delivered by private providers
3. Both a and b
4. Neither a nor b

 

12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a socialized health insurance system?

1. Health care is financed through government-mandated contributions by employers and

employees

2. Health care is delivered by government-employed providers
3. Both a and b
4. Neither a nor b

 

13. In 1984, Australia switched:

1. From the Medicare program to a universal national health care program
2. From a universal national health care program to a privately financed system
3. From a privately financed system to the Medicare program
4. None of the above

 

14. A free market in healthcare requires:

1. Adequate information for patients
2. Independent actions between buyers (patients) and sellers (providers)
3. Unencumbered interaction of the forces of supply and demand
4. All of the above

 

 

 

 

15. A multiple payer system is more cumbersome than a single payer system for all of the following

1. reasons except:
2. There are numerous health plans, which is difficult for providers to handle
3. Payments are not standardized across health plans
4. Some healthcare services are covered for people in the north, but not in the south

 

16. Government programs require extensive documentation proving services were provided before
    1. paying providers

Chapter 2: Beliefs, Values, and Health

 

17. -True or False: Under the medical model, health is defined as a complete state of physical,
18. mental, and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
    1. True or False: A chronic condition is relatively severe, episodic, and often treatable.
    2. True or False: The main objective of the ACA is to restructure the way health care is delivered in
19. the US.
    1. True or False: The presence of an agent does not ensure that disease will occur.
    2. True or False: Secondary prevention refers to rehabilitative therapies and the monitoring of
20. Health care processes to prevent complications or to prevent further illness, injury, or disability.
    1. True or False: Generally, people with better education have higher incomes and better health
21. Status.
    1. True or False: Cultural beliefs have very little to do with health.
    2. True or False: Equity requires distributional efficiency.
    3. True or False: The two broad goals of Healthy People 2010 are to eliminate health disparities
22. -True or False: Activities of daily living (ADL) are activities necessary for living independently

 

Chapter 3: The Evolution of Health Services in the United States

 

23. Would be necessary to bring about any fundamental change in the US health care delivery

1. System?
2. Economic forces
3. Political change
4. Beliefs and values
5. Social forces

24. Which of the following is not true about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

of 2010?

1. Not a single Republican voted for the legislation
2. Most Americans supported the legislation once they found out what was in it
3. The legislation was supported by the AMA
4. The US Supreme Court upheld the individual mandate

 

25. -Medical care in preindustrial America had a strong _____ character.

1. scientific
2. professional
3. applied
4. domestic

26. The delivery of medical care in preindustrial America was governed mainly by

1. free market conditions
2. collusion among providers
3. supply of medical services
4. high barriers to entry

27. -In the preindustrial era, _____ often functioned as surgeons.

1. butchers
2. tailors
3. clergymen
4. barbers

28. -In the preindustrial period, what was the main role of dispensaries?

1. Dispensaries were affiliated with hospitals to provide charity care.
2. Dispensaries functioned as laboratories to conduct diagnostic tests.
3. Dispensaries provided basic medical care to ambulatory patients.
4. Dispensaries provided advanced medical treatments by private physicians.

29. -Hospitals in the United States evolved from

1. almshouses
2. sickhomes
3. pesthouses
4. inns

30. What main purpose was served by an almshouse in the preindustrial period?

1. It was used to quarantine people who had contracted a contagious disease.
2. It provided free medical care and drugs to ambulatory patients.
3. It specialized in performing basic surgeries.
4. It performed general welfare and custodial functions.

31. What was the function of a pesthouse in the preindustrial period?

1. To house people who had a contageous disease.
2. To provide refuge to those who were threatened by pests.
3. To eradicate pests.
4. To treat contageous diseases.

 

 

 

 

 

 

32. Why in the preindustrial period most people could not afford the services of a qualified

physician?

1. Professional fees were too high.
2. The economic cost of travel was too high.
3. Private health insurance was too expensive.
4. Most people relied on home remedies.

33. -In the preindustrial era, asylums were built by ____ to accommodate patients with severe

1. and chronic mental illness.
2. the federal government
3. private entrepreneurs
4. psychiatrists
5. the state governments

34. -What was the main consequence of early proprietary medical schools, as opposed to

state-sponsored schools, in the preindustrial era?

1. Standards were low.
2. The cost of medical education became too high.
3. Medical education became regulated.
4. Science and research became part of medical education.

35. -Which of the following factors was particularly important in promoting the growth of

office-based medical practice in the postindustrial period?

1. Urbanization
2. Educational reform
3. Science and technology
4. Dependency

36. -When a profession's services are generally accepted and are legitimized, they impart

_____ to the profession

1. specialization
2. organized strength
3. cohesiveness
4. cultural authority

37. Cultural authority was conveyed to the medical profession mainly through

1. the development of the AMA
2. advances in medical science
3. patients' dependency
4. licensing

 

Chapter 4: Health Services Professionals

 

38. -A major factor influencing growth in the health care sector of the U.S. economy is:

1. The aging of the population
2. Increasing fertility rates
3. Declining death rates
4. All of the above

39. -The health care sector constituted what percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product in 2011?

1. 8%
2. 18%
3. 28%
4. 38%

40. -Which type of health care facility employs the most people in the U.S.?

Physicians’ offices and clinics

1. Hospitals
2. Nursing and personal care facilities
3. None of the above

41. -MCO stands for:

1. Managed Clinical Office
2. Managed Care Office
3. Managed Care Organization
4. Managed Clinical Organization

42. -When patients have multiple health problems, this is called:

1. Coaffliction
2. Comortality
3. Codependency
4. Comorbidity

43. -The basic source of the physician distribution problem in the U.S. is:

1. Lack of health care coverage for all
2. The need-based model
3. Lack of awareness that there is a problem
4. A shortage of MDs9

44. -The number of specialists is increasing because:

1. Demand for specialists’ services is high
2. The development of medical technology
3. Specialists earn more than primary care physicians
4. All of the above

45. -The Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002 provides:

1. Grants and scholarships for nurses
2. Funding for nurse retention programs
3. Funding for further education for nurses
4. All of the above

46. -The main difference between Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) is:

1. CNSs work in hospitals, and NPs work mainly in primary care settings
2. NPs work mainly in hospitals and CNSs work mainly in primary care settings
3. CNSs deliver babies and NPs do not
4. NPs deliver babies and CNSs do not

47. -Fill in the blank: In the U.S., Midwifery’s role in the management of pregnancies has been

_______, compared to Europe.                       

1. Central
2. Peripheral
3. Ubiquitous
4. None of the above