Homework answers / question archive / 1)The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except: Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality 2

1)The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except: Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality 2

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1)The primary objectives of a healthcare system include all of the following except:

• Enabling all citizens to receive healthcare services
• Delivering healthcare services that are cost-effective
• Delivering healthcare services using the most current technology, regardless of cost
• Delivering healthcare services that meet established standards of quality

2. The U.S. healthcare system can best be described as:

• Expensive
• Fragmented
• Market-oriented
• All of the above

3. For most privately insured Americans, health insurance is:

• Employer-based
• Financed by the government
• Privately purchased
• None of the above

4.  What is the meaning of the term ‘Access?’

• All citizens have health insurance coverage
• Availability of services
• Employer-based health insurance
• Ability to get health care when needed

5.  Medicare is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement:

• Elderly
• Low-income
• Children
• Disabled

6. Medicaid is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement:

• Elderly
• Low-income
• Children
• Disabled

7. The primary functions of managed care include all of the following except:

• Improving quality
• Achieving efficiencies
• Setting prices at which providers are paid
• Controlling patients’ utilization of services

 

 

8.  Under free market conditions, the relationship between the quantity of medical services

Demanded and the price of medical services is:

• Unknown
• Equal
• Direct
• Inverse

9. The role of the government in the U.S. healthcare system is:

• Regulator
• Major financer
• Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rate-setter
• All of the above

10.  Which of the following countries has a National Health System (NHS)?

• Japan
• Great Britain
• Australia
• Germany

11. Which of the following is a characteristic of a national health insurance system?

• The government finances health care through general taxes
• Health care is delivered by private providers
• Both a and b
• Neither a nor b

12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a socialized health insurance system?

• Health care is financed through government-mandated contributions by employers and

employees

• Health care is delivered by government-employed providers
• Both a and b
• Neither a nor b

13. In 1984, Australia switched:

• From the Medicare program to a universal national health care program
• From a universal national health care program to a privately financed system
• From a privately financed system to the Medicare program
• None of the above

14. A free market in healthcare requires:

• Adequate information for patients
• Independent actions between buyers (patients) and sellers (providers)
• Unencumbered interaction of the forces of supply and demand
• All of the above

 

 

 

 

15.  A multiple payer system is more cumbersome than a single payer system for all of the following

reasons except:

• There are numerous health plans, which is difficult for providers to handle
• Payments are not standardized across health plans
• Some healthcare services are covered for people in the north, but not in the south
• Government programs require extensive documentation proving services were provided before

paying providers

 

 

 

Chapter 2: Beliefs, Values, and Health

 

 

1. -True or False: Under the medical model, health is defined as a complete state of physical,

mental, and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

-2.  True or False: A chronic condition is relatively severe, episodic, and often treatable.

3. - True or False: The main objective of the ACA is to restructure the way health care is delivered in

the US.

4. - True or False: The presence of an agent does not ensure that disease will occur.

5. - True or False: Secondary prevention refers to rehabilitative therapies and the monitoring of

Health care processes to prevent complications or to prevent further illness, injury, or disability.

6. - True or False: Generally, people with better education have higher incomes and better health

Status.

7. - True or False: Cultural beliefs have very little to do with health.

8. - True or False: Equity requires distributional efficiency.

9. - True or False: The two broad goals of Healthy People 2010 are to eliminate health disparities

And improve the quality of healthcare services.

10. -True or False: Activities of daily living (ADL) are activities necessary for living independently

In the community (such as driving a car, taking medicine, and handling money), and instrumental

Activities of daily living (IADL) are activities necessary for basic functioning (such as eating,

Bathing, and dressing).

 

 

Chapter 3: The Evolution of Health Services in the United States

 

 

1-Which of the following forces remain relatively stable and major shifts in this area

Would be necessary to bring about any fundamental change in the US health care delivery

System?

• Economic forces
• Political change
• Beliefs and values
• Social forces

2-Which of the following is not true about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

of 2010?

• Not a single Republican voted for the legislation
• Most Americans supported the legislation once they found out what was in it
• The legislation was supported by the AMA
• The US Supreme Court upheld the individual mandate

 

3-Medical care in preindustrial America had a strong _____ character.

• scientific
• professional
• applied
• domestic

4- The delivery of medical care in preindustrial America was governed mainly by

• free market conditions
• collusion among providers
• supply of medical services
• high barriers to entry

5-In the preindustrial era, _____ often functioned as surgeons.

• butchers
• tailors
• clergymen
• barbers

6-In the preindustrial period, what was the main role of dispensaries?

• Dispensaries were affiliated with hospitals to provide charity care.
• Dispensaries functioned as laboratories to conduct diagnostic tests.
• Dispensaries provided basic medical care to ambulatory patients.
• Dispensaries provided advanced medical treatments by private physicians.

7-Hospitals in the United States evolved from

• almshouses
• sickhomes
• pesthouses
• inns

8-What main purpose was served by an almshouse in the preindustrial period?

• It was used to quarantine people who had contracted a contagious disease.
• It provided free medical care and drugs to ambulatory patients.
• It specialized in performing basic surgeries.
• It performed general welfare and custodial functions.

9-What was the function of a pesthouse in the preindustrial period?

• To house people who had a contageous disease.
• To provide refuge to those who were threatened by pests.
• To eradicate pests.
• To treat contageous diseases.

 

 

 

 

 

 

10- Why in the preindustrial period most people could not afford the services of a qualified

physician?

• Professional fees were too high.
• The economic cost of travel was too high.
• Private health insurance was too expensive.
• Most people relied on home remedies.

11-In the preindustrial era, asylums were built by ____ to accommodate patients with severe

and chronic mental illness.

• the federal government
• private entrepreneurs
• psychiatrists
• the state governments

12-What was the main consequence of early proprietary medical schools, as opposed to

state-sponsored schools, in the preindustrial era?

• Standards were low.
• The cost of medical education became too high.
• Medical education became regulated.
• Science and research became part of medical education.

13-Which of the following factors was particularly important in promoting the growth of

office-based medical practice in the postindustrial period?

• Urbanization
• Educational reform
• Science and technology
• Dependency

14-When a profession's services are generally accepted and are legitimized, they impart

_____ to the profession

• specialization
• organized strength
• cohesiveness
• cultural authority

15- Cultural authority was conveyed to the medical profession mainly through

• the development of the AMA
• advances in medical science
• patients' dependency
• licensing

 

Chapter 4: Health Services Professionals

 

 

16 -A major factor influencing growth in the health care sector of the U.S. economy is:

• The aging of the population
• Increasing fertility rates
• Declining death rates
• All of the above

17-The health care sector constituted what percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product in 2011?

• 8%
• 18%
• 28%
• 38%

18-Which type of health care facility employs the most people in the U.S.?

• Physicians’ offices and clinics
• Hospitals
• Nursing and personal care facilities
• None of the above

19-MCO stands for:

• Managed Clinical Office
• Managed Care Office
• Managed Care Organization
• Managed Clinical Organization

20-When patients have multiple health problems, this is called:

• Coaffliction
• Comortality
• Codependency
• Comorbidity

21-The basic source of the physician distribution problem in the U.S. is:

• Lack of health care coverage for all
• The need-based model
• Lack of awareness that there is a problem
• A shortage of MDs9

22-The number of specialists is increasing because:

• Demand for specialists’ services is high
• The development of medical technology
• Specialists earn more than primary care physicians
• All of the above

23-The Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002 provides:

• Grants and scholarships for nurses
• Funding for nurse retention programs
• Funding for further education for nurses
• All of the above

24-The main difference between Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) is:

• CNSs work in hospitals, and NPs work mainly in primary care settings
• NPs work mainly in hospitals and CNSs work mainly in primary care settings
• CNSs deliver babies and NPs do not
• NPs deliver babies and CNSs do not

25-Fill in the blank: In the U.S., Midwifery’s role in the management of pregnancies has been

_______, compared to Europe.                                       

• Central
• Peripheral
• Ubiquitous
• None of the above