1)_______ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

1)_______ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

Direction of effort

Motivation

Performance

Persistence

2. ________ is the physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being.

Need

Motivation

Performance

Persistence

3. The basic components of equity theory include all of the following EXCEPT:

inputs.

referents.

reinforcement.

outcomes.

4. _______ is another way people try to restore equity, including asking for a raise or pointing out the inequity to the boss and hoping that she takes care of it.

Maintaining inputs

Staying with the referents

Reinforcement

Increasing outcomes

5. ________ is the perceived relationship between effort and performance.

Expectancy

Reinforcement theory

Motivation

Instrumentality

6. ________ = Valance x Expectancy x Instrumentality.

Effort - performance linkage

Reinforcement theory

Motivation

Equity

7. _______ are rules that specify which behaviors will be reinforced, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and the schedule by which those consequences will be delivered.

Instrumentalities

Reinforcement contingencies

Distributive justices

Schedule of reinforcements

8. ________ is a type reinforcement that weakens behavior by following behaviors with undesirable consequences.

Positive reinforcement

Lectures

Punishment

Extinction

9. ________ theory suggests that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement.

Expectancy

Performance

Goal-setting

Reinforcement

10. ________ is the extent to which a goal is challenging to accomplish.

Goal difficulty

Performance feedback

Performance acceptance

Goal acceptance