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Homework answers / question archive / Chapter 7 Question 1) Samantha’s father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of meth
Chapter 7
Question 1)
Samantha’s father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of meth. By the age of 18, Samantha has been arrested three times for possession of meth. Which theory best describes Samantha’s experience?
Differential association theory
Opaque theory
Labeling theory
Strain theory
The term deviance can be defined as:
The regulation and enforcement of norms.
Social reward for the violation of norms.
A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.
The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.
Cherish receives a promotion at her job after successfully helping many clients. This is an example of a:
Positive formal sanction
Negative informal sanction
Positive informal sanction
Negative formal sanction
Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?
Carl Sagan
Émile Durkheim
Karl Marx
C. Wright Mills
The term crime can be defined as:
A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.
A sequence of events leading to incarceration.
An unintended consequence of necessary action.
A harmful action directed at the authorities.
Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:
Necessary; it challenged people’s views.
Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored.
Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel.
Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior.
Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?
The courts
The police
The jury
The corrections system
The term secondary deviance can be defined as:
When a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.
When negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices.
When a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.
When positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.
Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?
Michael being sent to jail for illegal possession of a firearm.
Eleanor being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.
Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.
Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.
Social control is:
A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.
The regulation and enforcement of norms.
A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual.
An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.
Strain theory:
Argues that morality is based on wealth.
Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle.
Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.
States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.
True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime?
No answer text provided.
False
No answer text provided.
True
An average of _____ people in the United States fall victim to hate crimes each year?
195,000
150,000
100,000
200,000
Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a Ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?
Street crime
Institutional crime
Violent crime
Corporate crime