Chapter 3

Multiple Choice

1) The total level of health expenditures for health and medical care services in the United States for 2015 is closest to which of these figures?

[1] $900 million

[2] $900 billion

[3] $3.0 trillion

[4] $7.5 trillion

2.  Prevalence is a function of both incidence and which of the following?

[1] Frequency

[2] Age

[3] Duration

[4] Severity

3. Early detection of disease and interventions to reverse, halt, or at least slow the progression of a condition, often performed when disease is not yet symptomatic, is a description of:

[1] primary prevention.

[2] secondary prevention.

[3] tertiary prevention.

[4] quaternary prevention.

4. The approximate percentage of all health and medical care expenditures in the United States spent on clinical preventive and public health services is:

[1] 25–30%.

[2] 15–20%.

[3] 5–10%.

[4] less than 5%.

5. The two largest categories of national health expenditures in the United States are:

[1] hospitals and nursing homes.

[2] physicians and hospitals.

[3] public health and physicians.

[4] hospitals and pharmaceuticals.

6. Public health authorities argue that the current focus of the U.S. health system is on tertiary prevention. Such a focus would be most likely to produce which of the following outcomes?

[1] Minimize overall prevalence of a disease or condition in the population

[2] Minimize overall financial expenditure for treatment of a disease or condition

[3] Minimize the cost of lost wages from a disease or condition

[4] Minimize or delay mortality from a disease or condition

7. Which of these levels of the health impact pyramid has the greatest impact at the population level?

[1] Socioeconomic factors

[2] Long-lasting protective interventions

[3] Counseling and education

[4] Clinical interventions

8. By the year 2025, non-Hispanic whites will compose approximately what percentage of the total U.S. population?

[1] 80%

[2] 70%

[3] 60%

[4] 50%

9. Public health activity accounts for what percentage of all national health expenditures?

[1] 1%

[2] 3%

[3] 5%

[4] 10%

10. Per capita public health activity spending in the United States in 2012 was closest to:

[1] 70 cents per day

[2] $1 per day

[3] $11 per day

[4] $23 per day