a.

She had aided the French Navy.

b.

She had fought in the front lines of the Continental Army.

c.

She had successfully spied on the British Army.

d.

She had organized the first major fund drive in American history.

a.

A lack of foreign assistance.

b.

A lack of resources.

c.

Too much territory to control.

d.

Little domestic support for the war.

a.

To capture artillery for use around Boston.

b.

To cut the British in Boston off from resupply.

c.

To open an invasion route into Canada.

d.

To drive away Indian tribes that were loyal to Britain.

a.

temporarily arrested.

b.

attacked by Bostonians as an outsider.

c.

proud of his battlefield success.

d.

disturbed by the chaos and wretched conditions.

a.

The carnage shocked even battle worn veterans.

b.

The battle was a decisive victory for the Revolutionaries.

c.

It taught the Americans an important lesson about the importance of an effective supply line for arms and ammunition.

d.

It was the most costly battle of the war for the British in terms of casualties.

a.

were completely successful.

b.

were successful only in South Carolina.

c.

ended in failure.

d.

were never implemented.

a.

His troops threatened mutiny.

b.

He ordered his men to sacrifice so he could instill discipline in them.

c.

He had observed that English seizure of goods from civilians had backfired.

d.

He sought help from the French instead.

a.

incompetent.

b.

able to secure the loyalty of his subordinates.

c.

willing to take bold risks to turn back the assaults of a larger army.

d.

capable of small but symbolic victories.

a.

sever New England from the rest of the American colonies.

b.

use the British Navy to bombard American ports.

c.

wage a guerrilla war.

d.

conduct a massive invasion of New York from Canada.

a.

his refusal to move without confirmation that Howe's troops were moving toward him.

b.

his insistence on traveling with his mistress and their possessions.

c.

St. Leger's failure to clear the route in front of him.

d.

fierce resistance from colonial troops at Fort Ticonderoga.

a.

Americans fought no better in the countryside than they did in cities.

b.

Americans had unrealistic hopes of attracting foreign support.

c.

the British had a poor understanding of American geography.

d.

Indians were reliable allies for the British.

a.

encouraged Americans to give up.

b.

demonstrated that local militia units were useless.

c.

persuaded the French to help the new American government.

d.

proved that the British were capable of defeating an American army anywhere, any time.

a.

surprised George Washington who expected a short war.

b.

angered many of the soldiers who felt the civilian population did not respect their suffering.

c.

resulted from Congress's refusal to accept French assistance without recognition of American independence.

d.

galvanized all Americans to support the cause of revolution.

a.

They were all landlords.

b.

Many were independent artisans.

c.

They were mostly laborers, servants, apprentices, and former slaves.

d.

Many were former impressed sailors in the British Navy.

a.

Washington's victory over Burgoyne at Saratoga.

b.

Benjamin Franklin's diplomatic skills.

c.

A secret payment from the Continental Congress.

d.

American military threat.

a.

The Revolution had grown into an international struggle that taxed British resources.

b.

The French and Spanish navies effectively controlled the seas.

c.

The Spanish threatened to invade North America if Britain did so.

d.

Britain lacked military leadership.

a.

thousands of French soldiers fought beside American soldiers.

b.

French generals were assigned to lead American armies.

c.

the Americans had the support of the French fleet.

d.

America's financial problems were over.

a.

forced the British to make peace after Burgoyne's surrender.

b.

made it impossible for most Americans to afford consumer goods.

c.

forced Congress to move away from using paper money.

d.

created tremendous inflation in the colonies.

a.

Americans won a decisive victory over the British.

b.

American troops demonstrated their good training with a well executed regrouping and successful forward drive after a retreat.

c.

American soldiers rebelled in mutiny over their outstanding pay.

d.

the French navy saved the day.

a.

Since the government could no longer pay its soldiers enlistments plummeted.

b.

Both state militias and the Continental Army resorted to impressments - forced military service.

c.

French financial support prevented the complete bankruptcy of the Continental Congress.

d.

The value of the "continental" dropped steadily with each passing day.

a.

was largely indecisive.

b.

involved slave troops on both sides.

c.

resembled a civil war between Loyalists and Patriots.

d.

followed the conventional rules of war.

a.

He was a popular general.

b.

He was one of Washington's protégés.

c.

He attempted to turn over control of the Hudson River by surrendering the fort at West Point.

d.

His failed treason only strengthened the resolve of Washington and boosted American morale.

a.

were impressed by the American troops' resolve and stamina.

b.

were shocked by the Americans' poor performance.

c.

refused to march with the Americans.

d.

took over the command of the American troops.

a.

Lord Cornwallis was tried for treason.

b.

the Royal Navy launched a new offensive against Americans in Boston.

c.

Parliament refused to fund additional fighting.

d.

American unity was shattered.

a.

was negotiated in less than a month.

b.

never acknowledged American independence.

c.

required that the British write off debts owed them by Americans.

d.

was vague on critical issues dealing with the West.

a.

freedom of conscience.

b.

granting religious liberty to slaves.

c.

separation of church and state.

d.

how to fund churches.

a.

free press.

b.

free speech.

c.

freedom of religion.

d.

private property.

a.

had acquired property.

b.

were unable to acquire land.

c.

had established independent businesses.

d.

owned slaves.

a.

New York and Connecticut

b.

Massachusetts and Virginia

c.

Pennsylvania and Georgia

d.

Rhode Island and New Jersey

a.

rights for children when they worked.

b.

a significant increase in women owning property.

c.

universal male suffrage.

d.

tax money being earmarked for public elementary schools in some states.

a.

The Patriots treated black soldiers better than the British did.

b.

Blacks received lower pay than whites in both armies.

c.

Blacks were still considered slaves by the British, although they were legally free people.

d.

Over 10,000 slaves won their freedom by fighting for the Patriots.

a.

remained an important part of the economy.

b.

was staunchly defended by religious leaders.

c.

became increasingly difficult to defend, given the ideals of the Revolution.

d.

was more profitable than in the South.

a.

were converted into slaves.

b.

became refugees in Canada.

c.

migrated westward.

d.

settled in England, where they were treated as heroes.

a.

Race and ethnicity

b.

Geographic location

c.

Wealth

d.

Political ambition