a.

He had the utmost respect for them.

b.

Roney found that many lacked the self-respect he associated with his craft.

c.

He viewed them as shiftless and lazy.

d.

He viewed them as too militant.

a.

he emphasized building as cheaply and efficiently as possible.

b.

he designed buildings where form followed function.

c.

he emphasized spacious, low-level structures rather than height.

d.

he worked in exotic materials.

a.

had mass transportation.

b.

had rich and poor people living fairly close to one another.

c.

were built primarily around commerce.

d.

lacked separate residential, commercial, and manufacturing districts.

a.

Many new areas had paved streets long before they had gas and electric lines.

b.

Urban planners began to put parks in the city centers.

c.

Most cities developed quasi-socialistic means of providing services like transportation.

d.

Cities were forced to spend millions of dollars to provide drinking water.

a.

urban sprawl.

b.

high population densities.

c.

their isolation from cities.

d.

high property taxes.

a.

The South led the way in establishing school attendance laws.

b.

The typical high school graduate was female.

c.

The number of people attending school steadily declined.

d.

Colleges and high schools continued to teach the classical curriculum with heavy doses of Latin and Greek.

a.

Women continued to occupy a separate sphere in life where they were separated from a cruel world that would undermine their femininity.

b.

There were no colleges or universities open to women.

c.

They were joining clubs that encouraged their participation in reform movements.

d.

They had moved into the professions and constituted one-third of all doctors and one-fourth of all lawyers.

a.

almost unknown.

b.

a rural, rather than an urban, phenomenon.

c.

generally considered "normal" by the prevailing medical opinion.

d.

illegal, though fairly common in several places.

a.

restrictive covenants prevented immigrants from buying in established areas.

b.

land was cheaper.

c.

workers needed to live within walking distance of factories.

d.

the atmosphere was healthier.

a.

called for strong segregation.

b.

believed the region needed to diversify its economy.

c.

believed that agricultural growth was the key to economic success.

d.

were usually small farmers.

a.

The Republican Party

b.

The People's Party

c.

The Democratic Party

d.

The Greenback Party

a.

applied only to state governments.

b.

required equal accommodations in segregated cities.

c.

was invalid because states had been forced to ratify it before being readmitted to the Union.

d.

could only be enforced by local officials.

a.

cut the pay of sharecroppers.

b.

force black people to migrate to the North.

c.

eliminate African Americans from the voter rolls.

d.

establish separate schools for black children.

a.

Booker T. Washington.

b.

Henry M. Turner.

c.

William E. B. Du Bois.

d.

Ida B. Wells.

a.

He claimed that it would be bad in the short run but good in the long run.

b.

He denounced it as an affront to democratic ideals.

c.

He urged black people to accept it temporarily and concentrate on economic improvement.

d.

He publicly opposed it, but behind the scenes lent support to it.

a.

allowed African Americans to vote if their grandfather had been free.

b.

allowed otherwise ineligible voters to cast ballots if their grandfather had been eligible to vote.

c.

allowed African Americans freed prior to the Civil War to use white accommodations in public.

d.

restricted membership in black fraternal organizations to those whose grandfathers had been slaves.

a.

black people have no rights which whites must respect.

b.

private individuals may segregate because the Fourteenth Amendment only restricts what a state can do.

c.

states may exclude blacks from certain facilities if there are equal ones available.

d.

The Fourteenth Amendment was not designed to guarantee equal protection of the law.

a.

six months.

b.

two months.

c.

week.

d.

two days.

a.

Factories were generally long distances from where workers lived.

b.

Industrial areas attracted shopping and commercial centers.

c.

The nation had developed a regional manufacturing belt.

d.

Workers in the suburbs typically rode commuter trains for several hours to get to work.

a.

joined Protestant churches.

b.

changed their names and became as "Americanized" as possible.

c.

moved into areas where people spoke their language.

d.

turned around and went home.

a.

They continued to read foreign-language newspapers, but over the course of a lifetime adjusted to American customs.

b.

They wanted as little change as possible and refused to make any adjustments to American life.

c.

They were willing to learn English, but they did not want their children to learn it.

d.

They quickly shed their immigrant past and blended neatly into mainstream American culture.

a.

appreciated the efforts made by immigrants to assimilate into American society.

b.

feared efforts by immigrants to hold onto their cultural traditions.

c.

welcomed skilled immigrants but sought to keep unskilled workers from coming to America.

d.

pushed for laws restricting the size of tenements.

a.

Catholic immigrants.

b.

the Republican Party.

c.

cheaply made foreign goods.

d.

unsafe workplaces.

a.

were Protestant.

b.

came from southern and eastern Europe.

c.

were much more politically conservative.

d.

settled primarily in rural areas.

a.

Far more Chinese women immigrated than men.

b.

It was difficult to recruit them because China was in the midst of a great economic boom.

c.

They formed self-contained homogenous communities in cities.

d.

Because of their work ethic, they had little difficulty integrating into mainstream American society.

a.

Railroad companies

b.

Merchants

c.

Miners

d.

Labor unions

a.

the Chinese Exclusion Act was unconstitutional.

b.

San Francisco could not use a licensing law to restrict Chinese laundry owners.

c.

contract laborers had no right to form a labor union.

d.

cities had the right to establish all-Chinese schools.

a.

developed as part of an evolutionary process.

b.

were only understandable in their own contexts.

c.

were fixed entities.

d.

had no significance to serious scholars.

a.

The only good Indian is a dead Indian.

b.

The best thing we can do is to put them on reservations and leave them alone.

c.

It is our duty to help Indians leave their inferior culture and become a part of white society.

d.

Although Indian cultures are different from white cultures, they are not inferior and should be treated with respect.

a.

it required Indian children to attend white schools.

b.

private land ownership conflicted with traditional Native American beliefs.

c.

it did not provide enough money for the land being taken.

d.

it did not grant citizenship to Indians.

a.

savages.

b.

wards of the federal government.

c.

domestic enemies.

d.

citizens.

a.

continued immigration from Mexico to southern California.

b.

an inability to assimilate into American culture.

c.

the gold rush.

d.

specific laws protected Californios in southern California.

a.

They held significant political power in New Mexico.

b.

They saw themselves as immigrants in a foreign country and tried to assimilate.

c.

By and large, they were able to protect their property rights.

d.

Their relative population began to decline in 1910.

a.

needlepoint.

b.

growing food in gardens.

c.

cigar making.

d.

piecework.

a.

Their members were not easily replaced.

b.

They had strong political connections.

c.

They had specific legal protections.

d.

They represented the majority of workers in most factories.

a.

to establish the eight-hour day.

b.

opening its ranks to small businesses.

c.

organizing for a general strike.

d.

to bring about socialism.

a.

to find solutions to the reasonable grievances of the workers.

b.

stronger use of force.

c.

passing tough new anti-union laws.

d.

through legalizing collective bargaining for workers.

a.

concentrated on concrete goals like raising wages and reducing hours of labor.

b.

drew its support from unskilled workers.

c.

attempted to build a political party exclusively for labor.

d.

embraced socialism and other radical causes.

a.

organizing all railroad workers into an industrial union.

b.

combining his engineer's union with the AFL.

c.

allowing only skilled workers to join the ARU.

d.

using federal antitrust laws to break up the General Managers Association.