a.

literary scholars.

b.

upper- and middle-class women.

c.

those searching for meaning in religion.

d.

abolishing slavery.

a.

Women should be concerned only with the spiritual lives of their families.

b.

Women were spiritually inferior to men.

c.

Women should not take leadership roles in religion.

d.

Women could be important agents for change in society.

a.

He tried to convert people the way that an attorney would try to move a jury.

b.

He merely read from the Bible and allowed his assistants to do the work.

c.

He was calm and rational and merely explained his theological points.

d.

He brought a parade of the sick and lame up to the pulpit and "healed" them.

a.

led to a growth in the traditional church organizations.

b.

caused Baptists and Methodists to join their congregations.

c.

prompted church splits over seemingly petty hypothetical questions.

d.

prompted most denominations to challenge the separation of church and state.

a.

The courts ruled that strikes against employers were legal.

b.

More women were entering the workforce.

c.

Slaves were taking strikers' jobs.

d.

In large part, workers were reacting to increased mechanization.

a.

assemblies of skilled workers grouped in specific occupations.

b.

common among carpenters, shoemakers, and other craftworkers.

c.

concerned with decent wages and working conditions.

d.

committed to the British Luddite tradition.

a.

women must be paid at the same rate as men if they perform the same work.

b.

if a business went bankrupt, workers would be paid before other creditors.

c.

a state law limiting work to ten hours per day was unconstitutional.

d.

workers have a right to organize unions and to go on strike.

a.

coded messages to enable slaves to escape.

b.

neoclassicism.

c.

passive resistance.

d.

religious allegories.

a.

50

b.

100

c.

1,000

d.

10,000

a.

led a bloody slave revolt.

b.

established the first congregation for African American Methodists.

c.

escaped from slavery and toured the North describing his experiences.

d.

was the son of a slave mother and a white father who inherited 75 slaves.

a.

merged with the reforming inclination among genteel and middle-class Americans.

b.

ran against the grain of the individualistic, profit-oriented middle class.

c.

was most pronounced among working-class immigrants.

d.

rarely overlapped with social reform movements.

a.

hard work, discipline, and solitude would put criminals on the path to productive lives.

b.

the middle class should have as little to do with the poor as possible.

c.

the working class should organize and rise up in revolt.

d.

they could learn a lot from the poor.

a.

instill the classical education of the ancient Greeks.

b.

train a small elite for government service.

c.

teach immigrants the values of middle-class America.

d.

challenge traditional thinking and authority.

a.

mental health reform.

b.

public education.

c.

abolition.

d.

temperance.

a.

Followers of the Second Great Awakening believed that individuals were responsible for their own salvation and needed to be sober to achieve it.

b.

Heavy taxes on liquor made it almost impossible for poor people to buy it.

c.

Immigrants came to America in increasing numbers, bringing with them strict religions that condemned all "pleasures of the flesh."

d.

Workers organized "sobriety campaigns" that shamed their employers into quitting drinking.

a.

was rooted in economic pragmatism.

b.

was rooted in a commitment to racial equality.

c.

advocated civil rights for African Americans.

d.

proposed the annexation of Mexico for the settlement of freed American slaves.

a.

gradually emancipating slaves, once they were converted to Christianity.

b.

immediately emancipating slaves with no compensation for slaveholders.

c.

encouraging slaves to volunteer to resettle in Africa to spread Christianity.

d.

encouraging slaveholders to treat their slaves as humanely as possible.

a.

By ending the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

b.

By banning slavery in the territories

c.

By passing a "bill of rights" for slaves

d.

By passing a gag rule forbidding Congress to address the abolition of slavery

a.

rational processes.

b.

seeing God in all aspects of creation.

c.

the creation of a strong institutional church.

d.

working among the poorest of society.

a.

involved the extreme desire for wealth.

b.

declared that there is no salvation outside the one true universal Church.

c.

involved being born again by the Holy Spirit.

d.

emphasized emotion and imagination over rationality.

a.

Harriet Beecher Stowe.

b.

Henry David Thoreau.

c.

Walt Whitman.

d.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

a.

the history of ordinary people.

b.

strong leaders with a divine sense of purpose.

c.

social struggles in American society.

d.

military history.

a.

individualism

b.

self-sufficiency

c.

a passionate love of liberty

d.

communalism.

a.

rigid attempts at representing scenes precisely as they appeared.

b.

exaggerated representations of the American landscape.

c.

its emphasis on classical techniques.

d.

representing common people engaging in everyday tasks.

a.

They watched baseball when it was warm and football when it was cold.

b.

Most of their leisure time was spent in church or on church-related activities.

c.

Drinking was their favorite social distraction.

d.

They preferred quiet evenings at home with their families.

a.

It was virtually nonexistent, given the harsh realities of slavery.

b.

It was entirely defined by the needs of the masters.

c.

It developed entirely in America, once slaves were stripped of their African traditions.

d.

It maintained significant survivals of African traditions.

a.

criticized organized religion.

b.

shied away from radical causes.

c.

believed in work as the sole purpose of life.

d.

tried to shield themselves from modern industry like textile factories.

a.

Charles Fourier.

b.

Joseph Smith, Jr.

c.

Theodore Frelinghuysen.

d.

Brigham Young.

a.

many feared it would lead to war with Spain.

b.

annexation would reopen the issue of expanding slavery.

c.

Congress could not afford to assume Texas's debts.

d.

few Americans saw anything of value in the territory.

a.

secured the Democratic presidential nomination because of his opposition to slavery.

b.

vowed to cooperate with the British on the Oregon issue.

c.

was barely known outside Tennessee.

d.

emphasized economic policies.

a.

advocated strong government.

b.

backed states' rights.

c.

wanted to eliminate tariffs altogether.

d.

were all abolitionists.

a.

Because "Whig" refers to honest men, they used the term to criticize Jackson's corruption.

b.

Because "Whig" refers to individuals with courage, they used the term to mock Jackson's backing down over the nullification controversy.

c.

Because "Whig" refers to Patriots, they used the term to distinguish themselves from Jackson's pro-British policies.

d.

Because "Whig" refers to opponents of the king, they used the term to critique "King Andrew" Jackson's growing presidential power.

a.

opposed Henry Clay's call for strong government.

b.

advocated for the American System in economics.

c.

attracted only Northerners.

d.

detested the antimasonic movement.

a.

sex scandal.

b.

split in his party.

c.

collapse of the economy.

d.

near-war with Britain.

a.

increased inflation.

b.

lowered interest rates.

c.

encouraged rampant speculation.

d.

greatly reduced the amount of currency in circulation.

a.

He had a distinguished military record.

b.

He was governor of a key midwestern state.

c.

He was the country's best known political stump speaker.

d.

He was a wealthy industrialist who appealed to the pro-business elements of the party.

a.

His role in creating the Panic of 1837

b.

The Nullification Crisis

c.

They portrayed him as an aristocrat, out of touch with the common man.

d.

Van Buren's opposition to slavery

a.

reached an all-time low.

b.

was about average for elections during that era.

c.

slightly increased over the previous election.

d.

was at an all-time high.

a.

"Freedom Now"

b.

"Manifest Destiny"

c.

"Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men"

d.

"Forty Acres and a Mule"

a.

The weak American economy

b.

Religious conflict in the United States

c.

The large number of immigrants

d.

Other countries and people already owning large parts of the North American continent