Answers:

a. 

500

b. 

10,000

c. 

2,000

d. 

1,000

e. 

5,000

Answers:

a. 

a slave’s promotion from field hand to domestic servant.

b. 

the birth of a slave baby.

c. 

surviving the Middle Passage.

d. 

a slave marriage.

e. 

a fugitive slave arriving in a free state.

Answers:

a. 

focused on reuniting slave families.

b. 

exerted enormous influence on the national scene.

c. 

promoted African-American culture.

d. 

wanted to avoid a Civil War at all costs.

e. 

spread slavery to Cuba and other Caribbean islands.

Answers:

a. 

Maryland.

b. 

Louisiana.

c. 

South Carolina.

d. 

North Carolina.

e. 

Virginia.

Answers:

a. 

Richmond, Virginia, is considered to be the heart of the Deep South.

b. 

Neither the Upper South nor the Deep South had major industrial centers.

c. 

Several Upper South states did not join the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War.

d. 

Committed to slavery, all states in both the Upper South and Deep South seceded from the Union.

e. 

The Upper South was less economically diversified than the Deep South.

Answers:

a. 

western North Carolina.

b. 

Richmond, Virginia.

c. 

eastern Tennessee.

d. 

Jacksonville, Florida.

e. 

Natchez, Mississippi.

Answers:

a. 

provide an avenue for social advancement.

b. 

“equalize the conditions of men.”

c. 

help eliminate racial discrimination.

d. 

reinforce social stability.

e. 

restore a fractured society.

Answers:

a. 

did not happen until the United States made emancipation an aim of the Spanish-American War.

b. 

resulted from violent slave revolts that rocked Latin America from 1822 to 1855.

c. 

was inspired by the emancipation of slaves that occurred as a result of the American Civil War.

d. 

followed a pattern very different from that established in the northern United States.

e. 

involved gradual emancipation accompanied by recognition of owners’ legal rights to slave property.

Answers:

a. 

power of the Democratic Party.

b. 

general economic prosperity of the nation.

c. 

tension between liberation and control in the era’s reform movements.

d. 

lengths to which the federal government would go to provide for the general well-being of its citizens.

e. 

expansion of liberty for those members of society who could not take care of themselves.

Answers:

a. 

Religious revivals.

b. 

Jefferson’s ideas on democracy.

c. 

Original sin.

d. 

Calvin’s ideas on predestination.

e. 

The Enlightenment.

Answers:

a. 

25 percent.

b. 

10 percent.

c. 

55 percent.

d. 

40 percent.

e. 

75 percent.

Answers:

a. 

free African-Americans should “let down their buckets where they were” and accept inequality, at least for a period of time.

b. 

slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans.

c. 

blacks should not serve in the U.S. army during the Civil War because of the racial discrimination they faced.

d. 

free blacks would be better off if they moved to Liberia, where a colony of former American slaves had been founded.

e. 

the United States should adopt a gradual emancipation plan that would eliminate slavery within forty years.

Answers:

a. 

Abraham Lincoln.

b. 

Henry Clay.

c. 

John Quincy Adams.

d. 

William Lloyd Garrison.

e. 

Andrew Jackson.

Answers:

a. 

Slavery as It Is.

b. 

Twelve Years a Slave.

c. 

Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

d. 

An Appeal to Reason.

e. 

Society in America.

Answers:

a. 

benefited from the refusal of non-slaveowners to participate in patrols that looked for fugitives.

b. 

who escaped to Canada were routinely returned to slavery by the British authorities.

c. 

generally understood that the North Star led to freedom.

d. 

were more likely to be women than men, because they were trying to escape sexual assault.

e. 

succeeded in escaping more frequently from the Deep South because they had access to ships leaving ports like New Orleans and Charleston.

Answers:

a. 

Successfully getting guns to slaves.

b. 

Establishing various colonies in the Caribbean for ex-slaves.

c. 

A modern way of raising funds through fairs and bazaars.

d. 

The use of the telegraph.

e. 

The spread of the penny press.

Answers:

a. 

allowed each member an equal vote in governing the community.

b. 

banished any member who divulged any information about the community’s sexual practices.

c. 

controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.

d. 

invented the concept of birth control in America.

e. 

permitted all of its members to own private property.

Answers:

a. 

publicly defended the virtues of southern paternalism in lectures to southern women.

b. 

critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women.

c. 

supported Catharine Beecher’s efforts to expand political and social rights for women.

d. 

were Pennsylvania-born Quakers whose religion compelled them to oppose slavery.

e. 

delivered many public lectures in which they detailed their escape from slavery.

Answers:

a. 

He wanted to speak to Queen Victoria about his bondage.

b. 

He wanted to do lectures in Europe.

c. 

He hoped to locate his wife, an ex-slave, too.

d. 

He feared being recaptured.

e. 

He had family there.

Answers:

a. 

Slaves rejected the story of Moses as untrue.

b. 

Few slaves were interested in Christianity, so they stayed focused on their traditional African religions.

c. 

Teaching slaves about Christianity helped to reinforce the owners’ ideas on paternalism.

d. 

Few slaveholders wanted their slaves to learn.

e. 

Slave preachers struggled to win respect among fellow slaves.

Answers:

a. 

bloodier and more successful.

b. 

larger in scale and more frequent.

c. 

smaller in scale and less frequent.

d. 

smaller in scale but more frequent.

e. 

larger in scale but less frequent.

Answers:

a. 

World-orientation groups had no dissension.

b. 

World-orientation societies were more likely to regulate relations between the sexes.

c. 

The spiritual groups emphasized secularism.

d. 

Both groups were anomalies that had little influence on the world.

e. 

Spiritual groups usually lasted for longer time periods.

Answers:

a. 

Earlier opponents of slavery had called for immediate emancipation, but the later group devised a plan for gradual emancipation that won broader support.

b. 

The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately.

c. 

Actually, the two movements were quite similar in every way; the later one was simply more well-known because more people were literate by the 1830s.

d. 

The movement of the 1830s introduced the idea of colonizing freed slaves outside the United States, which proved immensely popular with southern whites.

e. 

The later movement banned participation by African-Americans, because they feared that their involvement would cause a backlash.

Answers:

a. 

New Harmony: Indiana.

b. 

Zoar: Maine.

c. 

Brook Farm: Virginia.

d. 

Oneida: Massachusetts.

e. 

Modern Times: Tennessee.

Answers:

a. 

made up nearly one-third of the African-American population in the South.

b. 

sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves.

c. 

tended to live in rural areas if they lived in the Lower South.

d. 

could testify in court and vote in most states but could carry firearms only with the approval of the local sheriff.

e. 

had the same rights as whites in the North but faced far more restrictions on their freedom in the South.

Answers:

a. 

The newspaper had accomplished its goal of ending slavery.

b. 

The women editors had been widely harassed on their stand for female equality.

c. 

It had its offices ransacked.

d. 

Frederick Douglass purchased the newspaper and merged it with his own.

e. 

The editor felt frustrated that African-Americans would never achieve full rights.

Answers:

a. 

prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.

b. 

denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings.

c. 

stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials.

d. 

prevented Congregational ministers from preaching against Catholics.

e. 

was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.

Answers:

a. 

It was made for stage performances in New York.

b. 

It was military garb for Union soldiers.

c. 

It was clothing for religious ceremonies.

d. 

It was functional clothing that made work less restrictive.

e. 

It was designed to make single women more physically attractive.

Answers:

a. 

Robert Matthews.

b. 

Louisa Alcott.

c. 

Joseph Smith.

d. 

Ann Lee.

e. 

Aimee McPherson.

Answers:

a. 

It used a system of railways to transport slaves.

b. 

It helped 100,000 slaves to escape.

c. 

It used a single, centralized system with tunnels for slaves.

d. 

It was a series of interlocking local networks involving abolitionists.

e. 

It employed encrypted codes and clearly defined routes and stations.

Answers:

a. 

Boycotted abolitionists’ bazaars.

b. 

Most became members of the Underground Railroad.

c. 

They faced a dilemma of conscience and law.

d. 

A majority wanted the North to secede the union.

e. 

Many hoped to become slave owners.

Answers:

a. 

He felt he was dying for the sin of slavery.

b. 

He felt as if he should have joined forces with John Brown.

c. 

He felt as if he had wasted his time.

d. 

He regretted that he did not escape permanently.

e. 

He felt guilty about the killing of whites.

Answers:

a. 

own at least ten slaves.

b. 

own at least fifty slaves.

c. 

own at least twenty slaves.

d. 

grow specifically cotton or sugarcane.

e. 

live in a large mansion.

Answers:

a. 

That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society.

b. 

That they were not widely needed, and not many were built.

c. 

That they would be excellent holding centers for society’s undesirables.

d. 

That the persons entering these institutions would likely never leave them.

e. 

That the persons in the facilities could be used as forced labor in factories.

Answers:

a. 

was discovered, but Vesey escaped North to freedom.

b. 

resulted in over twenty deaths of white men, women, and children.

c. 

reflected a combination of American and African influences.

d. 

took place in 1831 and was a success.

e. 

reflected the belief of the conspirators that the Bible endorsed slavery.

Answers:

a. 

Because slaves were property, a master could kill any of his slaves for any reason.

b. 

Slaves were legally permitted to possess guns if guns were necessary for their work (tasks such as scaring birds away from rice fields, for example).

c. 

Laws specifically provided for a slave to be taught to read and write if the master so chose.

d. 

Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.

e. 

A slave could, with permission from his or her master, testify against a white person in court.

Answers:

a. 

led to a Supreme Court decision freeing the slaves.

b. 

took place off the coast of Virginia.

c. 

nearly captured a fort in Charleston, South Carolina.

d. 

helped establish the Republic of Haiti.

e. 

inspired the gag rule.

Answers:

a. 

Ministers could preach that slavery was the devil’s work.

b. 

It contradicted passages in the Bible that seemed to be proslavery.

c. 

It led to Frederick Douglass gaining his freedom.

d. 

It convinced some that slavery needed to be abolished immediately.

e. 

It allowed ministers like William Lloyd Garrison to take on a leadership role.

Answers:

a. 

Haiti had a population that was primarily of African heritage while most of the United States had a higher percentage of whites.

b. 

slaves in the United States had less desire to be free.

c. 

slaves in Haiti had the help of the Spanish government.

d. 

none of the black leaders of revolts in the United States were literate.

e. 

In the United States, the slaves rebelling had no weapons.

Answers:

a. 

Both saw the industrial revolution as giving too many rights to the workers.

b. 

The utopian communities embraced nature, while Thoreau rejected it.

c. 

The utopianists saw the market revolution in a more positive manner than Thoreau.

d. 

Thoreau focused on the individual, while utopian leaders emphasized the community.

e. 

Thoreau wanted slave labor to replace free labor, while utopianists wanted to redefine work.