Exam 3 – HIST 1301 Question 1 America’s first commercial railroad was the: Answers: a

Question

Exam 3 – HIST 1301

Question 1

America’s first commercial railroad was the:


Answers:	a. South Carolina Railroad.
	b. Reading Railroad.
	c. Pennsylvania Railroad.
	d. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
	e. Union Pacific Railroad.

Question 2

The nullification crisis ended:


Answers:	a. with the Supreme Court’s opinion in Hamilton v. Jackson.
	b. with North Carolina’s threat to secede in 1832.
	c. in the so-called Dorr War.
	d. with Daniel Webster’s powerful pro-nullification speech to the Senate.
	e. with a compromise tariff.

Question 3

In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes (requiring the House of Representatives to select a president)?


Answers:	a. Nicholas Biddle.
	b. Andrew Jackson.
	c. John Quincy Adams.
	d. Henry Clay.
	e. James Monroe.

Question 4

The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was:


Answers:	a. shoemaking.
	b. textiles.
	c. ironworks.
	d. pottery.
	e. guns.

Question 5

Who were the two most prominent members of the transcendentalist movement?


Answers:	a. Orestes Brownson and Karl Marx.
	b. Lydia Maria Child and Harriet Noble.
	c. Charles Grandison Finney and Joseph Smith.
	d. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.
	e. Cyrus McCormick and John Deere.

Question 6

The Workingman’s Parties would praise what twenty-first-century activity?


Answers:	a. A company downsizes to bring in more profit.
	b. A corporation prevents its workers from fraternizing.
	c. The president orders strikers to return to work.
	d. Technology is used to replace workers in a factory.
	e. The federal minimum wage is raised.

Question 7

Which statement is a correct assessment about the Whigs?


Answers:	a. They hoped to derail the market economy.
	b. Their programs connected best with voters in isolated rural areas.
	c. The Whig leadership criticized the American System.
	d. They argued that the role of government was to promote the welfare of its people.
	e. The Whigs believed that active state governments were essential to increasing freedom.

Question 8

In the 1840s, nativists blamed immigrants for what?


Answers:	a. An increase in Protestant revivalism.
	b. Terrorism.
	c. Urban crime and political corruption.
	d. A decline in the sales of alcohol.
	e. Epidemics in American cities.

Question 9

By the time of Jackson’s presidency, politics:


Answers:	a. was completely under the control of Martin Van Buren.
	b. often emphasized individual politicians with mass followings and popular nicknames.
	c. remained very much the province of the elite.
	d. focused on organization, with the public refusing to tolerate showmanship or flowery oratory.
	e. was centered on the congressional elections held every other year.

Question 10

By 1840, approximately ________ percent of adult white men were eligible to vote.


Answers:	a. 75
	b. 40
	c. 65
	d. 55
	e. 90

Question 11

What was the biggest change in American society during the Age of Jackson?


Answers:	a. Sovereignty for white males was more fully realized.
	b. White and free black women gained the right to vote.
	c. Ex-slaves were gaining more rights.
	d. There was more acceptance of Native American culture.
	e. Economic equality was increasing for white males.

Question 12

How many cities in 1850 had a population of more than 5,000?


Answers:	a. 100.
	b. 150.
	c. 200.
	d. 50.
	e. 250.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about Martin Van Buren is true?


Answers:	a. By 1832, he had established the political machinery of the Whig Party.
	b. In the 1820s, he wanted politicians to focus more on ending slavery.
	c. Based on his strong intellectualism, he promoted the idea of a national university.
	d. He wanted to see competition between political parties.
	e. He emphasized sectionalism over party loyalty.

Question 14

Which problem with cotton did Eli Whitney solve by inventing the cotton gin?


Answers:	a. Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive.
	b. Planting the cotton took too many hours to make its growth very profitable, but Whitney enabled planters to use a machine to speed the planting.
	c. Processing cotton required too many different pieces of equipment, but Whitney figured out how to change the equipment more easily and quickly, saving time and money.
	d. The production of southern whiskey required the use of cotton in purifying the liquor, but the cotton absorbed too much liquid; Whitney’s machine changed that.
	e. Whitney figured out how to remove the cotton-destroying boll weevil and thereby save the cotton crop.

Question 15

Which occurred during the election of 1828?


Answers:	a. Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams of being a murderer.
	b. Adams fired most of the federal employees who openly campaigned for Jackson.
	c. One campaign slogan declared, “Adams can fight, but Jackson can write.”
	d. Andrew Jackson challenged Henry Clay to a duel because of 1824’s “corrupt bargain.”
	e. Adams’s supporters questioned the morality of Andrew Jackson’s wife because they saw her as a bigamist.

Question 16

The role of a white middle-class woman in antebellum America was primarily to:


Answers:	a. focus her energies on the home and children.
	b. pursue a college education.
	c. take a job outside the home to supplement the family’s disposable income.
	d. have as large a family as possible.
	e. produce the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required.

Question 17

In the document “The Memorial of the Non-Freeholders of the City of Richmond,” what were the freeholders claiming?


Answers:	a. A majority of white males were not allowed to vote.
	b. Poor farm workers needed to be granted a free plot of land from the government in Virginia.
	c. Women should be allowed to vote in local elections.
	d. The voting age needed to be lowered to fifteen.
	e. Immigrants should be granted suffrage.

Question 18

John Jacob Astor, who seemed to exemplify the “self-made man”:


Answers:	a. made huge profits from distributing the machines built by Thomas Rodgers.
	b. began his economic ascent through the purchase of Philadelphia real estate.
	c. turned out to be a fraud, for it was discovered he counterfeited much of his fortune.
	d. became wealthy by trading goods between the United States and China.
	e. used his great wealth to finance the North during the Civil War.

Question 19

What was a general belief of the Democrats in the 1830s?


Answers:	a. Government should exercise its power to try to improve private morality.
	b. Only government could protect against social inequality.
	c. New corporate enterprises were suspicious.
	d. Restraining individual competition was a good thing.
	e. The federal government should be more powerful than state governments.

Question 20

In today’s society, who best resembles Henry David Thoreau’s ideas from his stay at Walden?


Answers:	a. A corporate biologist conducting research in nature.
	b. A hermit growing an organic garden.
	c. An Amish community raising a barn.
	d. A pro-war demonstrator.
	e. A hippie-like commune that makes its own clothes.

Question 21

Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820:


Answers:	a. Ohio became a free state to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state.
	b. Congress banned slavery in any new territory that might ever be added to the United States.
	c. Missouri agreed to gradual emancipation of slavery in exchange for admission to the Union.
	d. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.
	e. slave states gained a two-seat advantage in the U.S. Senate.

Question 22

Samuel Slater:


Answers:	a. developed stone-crushing technology useful for road building.
	b. invented the cotton gin.
	c. was a steamboat innovator.
	d. established the Erie Canal.
	e. established America’s first factory.

Question 23

Analysis of the key events of the “Era of Good Feelings” showed that:


Answers:	a. single-party rule managed to erase sectional conflict.
	b. the War of 1812 was an abysmal failure.
	c. the Monroe Doctrine created harmony between Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
	d. harmony came with a two-party system.
	e. Andrew Jackson’s spoils system angered many Americans.

Question 24

In the early decades of the nineteenth century, what helped shape southern Ohio?


Answers:	a. New England settlers who moved to Ohio.
	b. Merchants from northern Ohio.
	c. Immigrants from Mexico.
	d. Slaveholders from Kentucky.
	e. Migrants from St. Louis.

Question 25

Which statement is true about the difference between farming in the Old Northwest and the Northeast?


Answers:	a. Farming in the Northeast needed slave labor.
	b. Farming in the Old Northwest required slaves.
	c. Old Northwest farms depended on the cotton gin.
	d. Farming was done on a much bigger scale in the Old Northwest.
	e. Wheat farming in the Northeast made New York City the flour capital.

Question 26

Many of the members of Jackson’s Kitchen Cabinet, as his group of close advisers was known, were:


Answers:	a. newspaper editors.
	b. women, including Peggy Eaton and Floride Calhoun.
	c. military officers.
	d. bankers.
	e. Protestant ministers.

Question 27

During the first half of the nineteenth century, free black Americans:


Answers:	a. found, as whites did, that the West offered the best opportunities for economic advancement.
	b. formed predominantly upper-middle-class communities in the North.
	c. could not, under federal law, obtain public land.
	d. joined with white artisans in biracial unions that successfully struck for higher wages.
	e. rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites.

Question 28

In regard to foreign policy, what did John Quincy Adams envision for the United States?


Answers:	a. The United States should focus only on gaining Caribbean islands.
	b. With Mexico, the United States should not be interested in gaining territory this far South.
	c. The United States would eventually control all of North America.
	d. The United States would return land to Indian tribes west of the Mississippi River.
	e. The United States would need to go to war to gain Canada.

Question 29

Whigs wanted the government involved in the following activity:


Answers:	a. Subsidizing land for poor farmers.
	b. Promoting a rigid class society.
	c. Regulating corporations.
	d. Banning prostitution.
	e. Restricting promotion of alcohol production.

Question 30

The women who protested during the Shoemakers’ Strike in Lynn compared their condition to that of:


Answers:	a. indentured servants.
	b. slaves.
	c. Irish immigrants.
	d. religious dissenters.
	e. Indians.

Question 31

A primary reason that both women and blacks were largely excluded from the expansion of democracy was:


Answers:	a. that they were not citizens, so they could not vote.
	b. the argument that, since they did not have the vote in England, they ought not to have the vote in America.
	c. that both groups were largely illiterate, and literacy was a necessary skill for political participation.
	d. that both groups were viewed as being naturally incapable and thus unfit for suffrage.
	e. that members of neither group had asked to be included in politics.

Question 32

Which state referred to the Tariff of 1828 as an “abomination”?


Answers:	a. South Carolina.
	b. New York.
	c. North Carolina.
	d. Virginia.
	e. Georgia.

Question 33

Who was the president of the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?


Answers:	a. Nicholas Biddle.
	b. Charles Winchester.
	c. Langdon Cheves.
	d. Henry Clay.
	e. Paul Volcker.

Question 34

Which Indian nation fought a war with the U.S. army from 1835 to 1842 to resist removal to the West?


Answers:	a. Cherokee.
	b. Seminole.
	c. Choctaw.
	d. Chickasaw.
	e. Creek.

Question 35

By 1860, free black men could vote on the same basis as whites only in:


Answers:	a. five New England states.
	b. Virginia and Maryland.
	c. New York and Pennsylvania.
	d. four states in the Lower South.
	e. the Upper Northwest (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota).

Question 36

The “American System of manufactures”:


Answers:	a. originated among entrepreneurs in the Old Northwest before spreading to New England.
	b. was centered entirely on agricultural machinery.
	c. referred to the production of specialty handmade goods by highly skilled artisans.
	d. was nearly derailed by Chief Justice John Marshall’s hostility to economic development.
	e. owed a great deal to Eli Terry’s development of interchangeable parts in clockmaking.

Question 37

Which improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century?


Answers:	a. The transcontinental railroad.
	b. A system of federally financed roads.
	c. Canals and steamboats.
	d. The establishment of an efficient postal system.
	e. The factory system.

Question 38

During the first half of the nineteenth century, individualism:


Answers:	a. was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency.
	b. was defined in a way that distinguished it completely from the idea of privacy.
	c. hampered efforts to spread democracy because it reduced interest in suffrage.
	d. came under attack from Henry David Thoreau.
	e. was a subject on which all transcendentalists agreed.

Question 39

The Panic of 1837:


Answers:	a. was caused, in part, by a decline in British demand for American cotton.
	b. led to a relatively mild economic downturn that resolved itself by 1839.
	c. helped farmers, because the cost of transporting goods to markets fell.
	d. can only be blamed on Andrew Jackson’s veto of the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States.
	e. inspired a more vigorous labor movement in the decade that followed.

Question 40

In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:


Answers:	a. Catholics could not be barred from political office.
	b. the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional.
	c. the American System was unconstitutional.
	d. states could nullify federal laws with congressional permission.
	e. the Indians were not allowed to sue the federal government.