a.

The growth of streetcars depended on such techniques.

b.

They were the primary engines of job growth.

c.

They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.

d.

They were invented by immigrant laborers.

e.

They demonstrated the value of female ingenuity.

a.

the Northeast

d.

the Far West

b.

the South

e.

the Great Plains

c.

the middle Atlantic

a.

it increased the reliance on horse-drawn transportation

b.

it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city

c.

it stifled the growth of the city by drawing jobs to the periphery

d.

it prevented parks from being built inside city limits

e.

it kept the population of women living in the city very low

a.

subways

d.

gasoline-powered buses

b.

electric trolleys

e.

elevated trains

c.

cable cars

a.

were cramped, yet offered more privacy than apartments

b.

were urban, yet their courtyards offered children a sense of nature

c.

had higher mortality rates than among the general population

d.

were clean

e.

usually had two to three families in each building

a.

the Populist party

d.

Kansas City

b.

Chicago’s South Side

e.

Tammany Hall

c.

the Greenback party

a.

overflowing garbage

b.

untreated sewage

c.

contaminated water

d.

the banishment of animals to outside city limits

e.

overcrowding

a.

They are all water-related diseases.

b.

They are all air-related diseases.

c.

They are all sexually transmitted diseases.

d.

They are all food-related diseases.

e.

They are all genetic disorders.

a.

a New England Protestant

d.

an African American

b.

a nativist

e.

a Union veteran

c.

an Irish immigrant

a.

garbage men

d.

sanitary reformers

b.

health care professionals

e.

cowboys

c.

missionaries

a.

were led by Roscoe Conkling

b.

generally favored a lenient southern policy

c.

were a faction in the Democratic party

d.

were also known as the Half-Breeds

e.

had opposed Ulysses S. Grant

a.

provided for appointments only in the postal service

b.

was signed into law by James Garfield

c.

was vetoed as “an unconstitutional intrusion of government into the private sphere” by Benjamin Harrison

d.

set up the first racial quotas for government service jobs

e.

provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams

a.

he was elected to the presidency with less than half of the popular vote

b.

he died in office

c.

he pledged to serve only one term after replacing the assassinated James Blaine

d.

he switched parties

e.

Republican party leaders were not pleased with his first-term record and did not nominate him to run for a second term

a.

Boston

d.

Philadelphia

b.

San Francisco

e.

Charleston

c.

New York City

a.

from northern and western Europe

d.

from Mexico

b.

from southern and eastern Europe

e.

members of the professional class

c.

of Teutonic and Celtic origin

a.

was a group of pharmaceutical companies that began a sanitation campaign in New York City

b.

was mainly an anti-Semitic organization operating in the Deep South

c.

was a secret organization whose members pledged never to employ or vote for a Roman Catholic

d.

campaigned for a stronger navy from its base in the Northeast

e.

consisted almost entirely of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who favored liberal immigration policies

a.

immigration was a boon to the American economy

b.

American Indians were the preferred source of workers

c.

Chester Arthur was foreign-born and not a real U.S. citizen

d.

religion had no place in the public sphere

e.

immigrants were a threat to their jobs and way of life

a.

they would not vote for a woman as vice president

b.

the Mugwumps had gained power within the party

c.

letters were discovered linking candidate James G. Blaine to the railroads

d.

the party refused to take a firm stand on the tariff

e.

they would not vote for Grant to serve a third term

a.

the land grant colleges across the country

b.

the agricultural colleges of the South

c.

the Far West and major universities

d.

the Midwest and small colleges

e.

large cities and major universities in the Northeast

a.

came only after the exclusion of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

b.

came only after the exclusion of immigrants from northern and western Europe

c.

was opposed by white workers in the Far West

d.

was supported by President Chester Arthur

e.

originally called for a ten-year term

a.

It sent all the Chinese immigrants in the United States back to China.

b.

It was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class.

c.

It was the first time Congress was unable to override a presidential veto of an immigration law.

d.

It denied citizenship to any Chinese born in the United States.

e.

It removed all restrictions from American immigration law.

a.

together at home playing games or reading books

b.

in saloons

c.

attending vaudeville shows

d.

traveling out West

e.

helping poor people

a.

to expand American exports

b.

to regulate railroads

c.

to encourage increased imports of foreign goods

d.

to boost the dairy industry

e.

to clean up corruption in politics

a.

they included something to please every taste, social class, and type

b.

women and children were not permitted to attend them

c.

native-born Americans liked that immigrants were banned from them

d.

they were free

e.

they doubled as inexpensive daycare for the working poor

a.

offer mail services

b.

provide public restrooms for poor people

c.

serve alcohol

d.

provide refuges for the homeless

e.

serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women

a.

the movies

d.

a public park

b.

a vaudeville show

e.

a dance hall

c.

a saloon

a.

Corruption by the political machines affected the outcome.

b.

His opponent died before he could take office.

c.

He ran in and won the 1892 election.

d.

He earned a majority of the electoral votes.

e.

The House of Representatives voted to overturn the election results.

a.

rampant inflation

b.

overproduction and international competition in world markets

c.

free-silver policies

d.

low American tariff rates

e.

lazy farmers

a.

it denied the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare

b.

it upheld the sweeping power of the federal government to regulate any industry in any fashion it saw fit

c.

it denied the federal government any power to regulate any industry

d.

it upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public interest

e.

it decided that all government regulatory power over industry rested with city and town governments

a.

The Grangers focused solely on social and recreational activities, while the Alliances focused solely on political action.

b.

The Grangers supported free-silver economic policies, while the Alliances supported the gold standard.

c.

The Grangers supported low tariffs, while the Alliances supported high tariffs.

d.

The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grass roots organizations filled with struggling farmers.

e.

The Grangers were predominantly a wing of the Democratic party while the Alliances were predominantly a wing of the Republican party.

a.

It promoted deflation by withdrawing silver certificates from circulation.

b.

It reestablished the gold standard.

c.

It reclaimed unused land from the railroads.

d.

It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans.

e.

It said that the national bank could pull supplemental cash from private banks.

a.

spent their days totally alone

b.

found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities

c.

divorced their husbands and abandoned their children

d.

ran for political office to change the laws that hurt them

e.

settled for having pets

a.

dance halls

d.

picnic grounds

b.

theaters

e.

boxing matches

c.

amusement parks

a.

founded the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange)

b.

was the presidential candidate of the Greenback party in 1892

c.

was a Kansas Alliance leader

d.

wrote the 1892 Omaha platform for the People’s party

e.

was the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement

a.

campaigned against a “progressive” income tax

b.

discovered the cure for malaria

c.

won Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, and Idaho

d.

was elected vice president

e.

was the only presidential candidate to be raised in Iowa

a.

the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad

b.

the stock market

c.

the commodity price index

d.

housing starts in 1891 and 1892

e.

President Cleveland to regulate the railroads

a.

every industry, particularly construction

b.

twenty percent

c.

fifty percent

d.

as high as seventy-five percent in New York

e.

manufacturing jobs, but not the service sector

a.

demanded government jobs for the unemployed

b.

organized a massive protest march down Wall Street

c.

tried to overthrow the government

d.

carried Cleveland into the White House

e.

was led by a poor, broken farmer from Iowa

a.

William McKinley

d.

Thomas E. Watson

b.

William Jennings Bryan

e.

William Henry Harrison

c.

Grover Cleveland

a.

promised to continue the policies of Grover Cleveland

b.

tried to de-emphasize his platform’s demand for free silver

c.

spoke and campaigned all over the country

d.

refused to mix politics and religion

e.

ran what journalists called a “front-porch campaign”

a.

Bryan could not win the support of rural America

b.

Bryan was a terrible orator who bored his audience with his speeches

c.

Bryan’s “front-porch campaign” alienated many voters

d.

Bryan got little support from factory workers in the cities

e.

the Populists refused to support his candidacy

a.

strong central government

b.

forced natural selection

c.

competition for dominance between different social groups

d.

hands off, laissez-faire government policy

e.

racial equality

a.

the Academy of American Science

d.

The Progressive party

b.

the Republican party

e.

social Darwinism

c.

The Greenback party

a.

coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”

b.

was the influential president of Harvard University

c.

invented the modern game of basketball

d.

was the first person to earn a PhD from an American university

e.

cowrote On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin

a.

Farmers’ Alliance

d.

Republicans

b.

Democrats

e.

Greenback party

c.

Southern Alliance

a.

wrote “The Gospel of Wealth,” a social Darwinist justification for accumulated wealth

b.

was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America

c.

argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs

d.

wrote System of Synthetic Philosophy

e.

preached that the law of God and the laws of nature were one and the same

a.

humans, made in the image of God, should not be included among the animals when discussing Darwinism

b.

government should not interfere with business

c.

cooperation, not competition, would best promote progress

d.

man continued to evolve according to Darwin’s principles of natural selection

e.

for society to truly reform, any “imitation” of welfare must cease

a.

transcendentalism

d.

socialism

b.

reform Darwinism

e.

the scientific spirit

c.

social Darwinism

a.

Ward embraced “survival of the fittest,” while Sumner embraced “survival of the smartest.”

b.

Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, while Sumner argued the opposite.

c.

Ward denied the existence of evolution, while social Darwinism was based entirely on the scientific theory of evolution.

d.

Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.

e.

Ward was a Democrat, and Sumner was a Republican.

a.

chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism

b.

wrote On the Origin of Species

c.

Republican leader of the “Half-Breeds”

d.

devised the subtreasury plan

e.

wrote Folkways

f.

Democratic presidential candidate in 1896

g.

vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress

h.

led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed

i.

founded the Grange

j.

McKinley’s campaign manager