a.

the fear of getting drafted and sent to Vietnam

b.

the example of the civil rights movement

c.

the boredom and restrictions of campus life

d.

musicians and protest singers with political agendas

e.

the need to rebel against their conservative parents

a.

was dominated by the Weathermen

b.

was a leading proponent of the sexual revolution

c.

was the youth wing of the Democratic party

d.

looked to the Socialists and Communists of the Depression era for inspiration

e.

challenged established authority in favor of “participatory democracy”

a.

was the site of a free-speech movement (FSM)

b.

remained racially segregated

c.

was shut down by anti-war protestors

d.

became the birthplace of the counterculture

e.

was the scene of a bloody confrontation between students and the National Guard

a.

joining VISTA or the Peace Corps

b.

fleeing to Canada or Sweden

c.

obtaining conscientious-objector status

d.

going to prison

e.

failing the physical examination on purpose

a.

anti-war students disrupted a speech by President Johnson

b.

the Yippies held their founding convention

c.

students successfully fought for free tuition

d.

a student strike shut down the campus

e.

the presence of military recruiters sparked a riot

a.

political philosophers

d.

artists

b.

terrorists

e.

pranksters

c.

political activists

a.

Democrats

b.

Social Democrats

c.

Groucho Marxists

d.

stronger than ever due to Nixon’s policies

e.

focused on personal liberation rather than political change

a.

came primarily from poor or working-class families

b.

congregated in the Watts district of Los Angeles

c.

were the direct descendants of the Beats of the 1950s

d.

believed that electoral politics would solve society’s problems

e.

preferred urban surroundings to a rural life in contact with nature

a.

Hells Angels killed a man in front of the stage

b.

the Beatles gave their last performance

c.

the violence of the hippies was fully displayed

d.

a huge crowd enjoyed three days of “peace and music”

e.

the Rolling Stones recorded live their most classic psychedelic album

a.

disappeared once the draft was ended

b.

won over much of middle America to its perspective

c.

was limited to San Francisco

d.

began to wane as counterculture had become counterproductive

e.

got involved in civil rights activism and the war on poverty

a.

celebrated the cult of female domesticity

b.

explained the unhappiness of so many middle-class women

c.

told women how to better please their husbands

d.

painted an ideal portrait of suburban living

e.

argued that women should be paid high wages for housework

a.

National Organization for Women’s inability to agree on a political agenda

b.

Supreme Court’s refusal to recognize abortion rights

c.

decreasing number of jobs for women

d.

failure of the states to ratify the equal-rights amendment

e.

refusal of Ivy League universities to admit women

a.

Supreme Court’s legalization of abortion

b.

development of birth-control pills

c.

free-love philosophy of the hippie movement

d.

increasing number of women in college

e.

permissive messages and images in Hollywood films

a.

an increasing opposition of Latin Americans to the Vietnam War

b.

Mexican American opposition to illegal immigration

c.

efforts of Latin Americans to make Spanish the national language

d.

growing political assertiveness among Mexican Americans

e.

the New Left’s major influence upon young Mexicans

a.

used boycotts to pressure grape growers

b.

was founder and leader of the United Farm Workers

c.

as a young man, worked as a migrant laborer in farm fields

d.

was committed to nonviolent tactics

e.

failed to secure collective bargaining rights for farm workers

a.

still rarely voted

b.

had become the country’s largest minority

c.

had attained equality with whites in average income levels

d.

launched their own political party

e.

no longer desired to speak Spanish

a.

effective work of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

b.

interest of many Americans in Indian history

c.

realization of Indians that their votes could swing elections in several states

d.

fact that Indians were still not recognized as citizens

e.

terrible levels of poverty that persisted in the Indian population

a.

voting

b.

occupying places like Alcatraz and Wounded Knee

c.

taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties

d.

opening casinos on their reservations

e.

imitating the civil rights movement in organizing massive protest marches

a.

the importance of gays “coming out”

b.

the need for more funding for AIDS research

c.

the passage of hate-crimes legislation

d.

the push to legalize gay marriage

e.

getting recognition of gay contributions to American history

a.

quietly approved of the social and cultural changes of the 1960s

b.

was anti–Vietnam War though not involved in open protest

c.

was growing weaker by the early 1970s

d.

were not fans of TV’s Archie Bunker

e.

supported politicians like Richard Nixon

a.

General Alexander Haig

d.

William Rogers

b.

Robert McNamara

e.

Bob Haldeman

c.

Henry Kissinger

a.

capitalizing on their skepticism of federal social welfare programs

b.

stepping up the military effort in Vietnam

c.

expressing sympathy toward fundamentalist Christians

d.

making southerners dominant in his cabinet

e.

increasing federal support of the South’s economy

a.

integration of swimming pools and public parks

b.

interracial dating

c.

racial profiling by police

d.

busing

e.

rising rates of crime in the inner cities

a.

consumption

d.

suburbanization

b.

travel and tourism

e.

socialism

c.

environmentalism

a.

a simultaneously stagnant economy with inflationary prices

b.

continuing declines in stock prices

c.

high oil prices along with declining profits for the petroleum industry

d.

the return of economic conditions similar to the Depression

e.

continuing economic growth along with a growing budgetary deficit

a.

expelled the United States from membership

b.

flooded the American market with cheap petroleum to drive American oil producers out of business

c.

threatened to cut off oil shipments to the United States

d.

nationalized American oil companies in their countries

e.

announced it would deal exclusively with the Soviet Union

a.

was almost zero

d.

equaled that of Canada

b.

stayed stagnant

e.

nearly doubled

c.

nearly tripled

a.

insisted that he would pursue “peace with honor”

b.

was indifferent to an eventual Communist takeover

c.

was determined to end the American involvement quickly

d.

still believed that the war could be won

e.

refused to sit and negotiate with the enemy

a.

increasing the number of young men being drafted

b.

launching a U.S. invasion of North Vietnam

c.

establishing diplomatic and trade relations with North Vietnam

d.

gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam

e.

working toward the reunification of North and South Vietnam

a.

Laos

d.

Thailand

b.

China

e.

North Vietnam

c.

Cambodia

a.

a fight between anti-war students and construction workers

b.

the killing of four students by the National Guard

c.

violence when police broke up a student strike

d.

several deaths when students exploded a bomb in the ROTC building

e.

student attacks upon conservative, pro-war professors

a.

revealed shocking waste in military spending

b.

were successfully suppressed from publication by the government

c.

put President Johnson’s war policy in a more favorable light

d.

were the actual diary entries of Defense Secretary Robert McNamara

e.

revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy

a.

the determination to defeat communism

b.

a need to be selective in its commitments abroad

c.

the effort to reshape the world in our own image

d.

the needs of the domestic economy

e.

the desires of our allies

a.

the discovery of China’s vast oil deposits

b.

China’s growing fear of the Soviet Union

c.

Nixon’s landslide reelection in 1972

d.

the American public’s more favorable attitude toward communism

e.

the removal of Vietnam as a source of division between the United States and China

a.

the end of the cold war

b.

U.S. wheat sales to the Soviets

c.

Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Europe

d.

intensification of the nuclear arms race

e.

the end of the new relationship with China

a.

insured the survival of South Vietnam

b.

brought lasting peace to Vietnam

c.

was followed by massive bombings of North Vietnam a few months later

d.

left 150,000 Communist troops in South Vietnam

e.

got Nixon reelected

a.

George Wallace’s potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans

b.

the massive popularity of Democratic nominee George McGovern

c.

public disapproval of Nixon’s efforts to ease tensions with the Chinese and the Russians

d.

revelations concerning the Watergate break-in

e.

the continuing appeal of 1960s-style social liberalism

a.

Nixon’s resignation

d.

his resignation

b.

a peace agreement for the Middle East

e.

“Peace is at hand”

c.

a new offensive against China

a.

was the democratic nominee for president in 1972

b.

resigned from the Senate

c.

ran for governor in South Dakota

d.

was Nixon’s secretary of defense

e.

led U.S. troops in Vietnam

a.

were trying to obtain Republican campaign files

b.

were spying for the Soviet Union

c.

were common thieves hoping to steal valued items

d.

had connections to the CIA and the Nixon campaign

e.

had been sent there by the FBI

a.

Leon Jaworski

d.

James McCord

b.

John Ehrlichman

e.

John Dean

c.

Daniel Ellsberg

a.

elevate his approval ratings

b.

expose the corruption of the Democrats

c.

avoid handing over the key White House tapes

d.

publicly humiliate special prosecutor Archibald Cox

e.

appoint a loyal attorney general

a.

lasting damage to the image of the presidency

b.

ongoing limits on press freedom

c.

a renewal of divisive partisan politics

d.

Congress’s inability to pass needed legislation

e.

the weakening of the CIA’s domestic operations

a.

continued Nixon’s economic policies

b.

vetoed the War Powers Act

c.

pardoned Nixon

d.

sent Americans back into Vietnam

e.

failed to achieve peace in the Middle East

a.

tax increases

d.

vetoes

b.

Supreme Court appointments

e.

military interventions

c.

press conferences

a.

58,000 Americans died

b.

Saigon fell to the Communists and became Ho Chi Minh City

c.

many young Americans questioned the value of military service

d.

Americans were more determined than ever to spread democracy

e.

deep divisions over foreign policy continued

a.

the new liberal wing of the Democratic party

b.

the new moderate wing of the Democratic party

c.

the new moderate wing of the Republican party

d.

the new liberal wing of the Republican party

e.

Alabama as its senator

a.

Soviets

d.

French

b.

Cambodian Communists

e.

South Vietnam

c.

Japanese

a.

burned his tapes of White House conversations

b.

lied to the Senate’s Ervin committee

c.

authorized the use of dirty tricks against Democratic campaigns

d.

ordered a cover-up of the original Watergate break-in

e.

ordered the IRS to harass his political enemies

a.

his electoral strength in the South

b.

his non-Washington background in the aftermath of Watergate

c.

a huge voter turnout

d.

his promise to be an honest president

e.

Ford’s less-than-impressive presidential record

a.

was shot and left paralyzed in 1972

b.

was secretary of state in 1975

c.

founded NOW

d.

founded SDS and authored the Port Huron Statement

e.

was convicted for the My Lai Massacre

f.

gave testimony before a Senate committee that linked Nixon directly to the Watergate cover-up

g.

was one of the organizers of the Weather Underground

h.

was a philosophy major who led UC Berkeley’s free-speech movement (FSM)

i.

lost the presidential election of 1976

j.

led the United Farm Workers