a.

creating political parties as a means of channeling the people’s passions.

b.

maintaining political harmony.

c.

protecting all forms of freedom.

d.

Washington’s willingness to serve until he died.

e.

coining money.

a.

build up the Republican Party’s political power.

b.

assure that the United States would be a primarily agrarian nation.

c.

promote the power of state governments.

d.

make the United States a major commercial and military power.

e.

succeed George Washington as president.

a.

Whether foreign policy in the United States should favor Great Britain or France.

b.

Whether alcohol should be taxed.

c.

Whether the United States should remain a nation of mostly farmers.

d.

Whether the Constitution should be interpreted strictly or loosely.

e.

Whether the capital should remain in Washington, D.C.

a.

Alexander Hamilton’s ideas on government subsidies for businesses.

b.

Thomas Jefferson’s promotion of America being mostly a nation of small farmers.

c.

John Adams’s support of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

d.

James Madison’s lack of support for commercial capitalism.

e.

George Washington’s backing of Jay’s Treaty.

a.

Paying off all the new national debt.

b.

The Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England.

c.

A tax on wine producers as a means of raising revenue.

d.

Taxes and subsidies to promote the growth of cotton.

e.

Creating Washington, D.C., as a major trade port.

a.

Hamilton’s plan for bonds was not doing enough to help speculators invest.

b.

A whiskey tax would lead to prohibition of alcohol.

c.

The proposals would do virtually nothing to aid in the development of manufacturing.

d.

Hamilton’s program would create a corrupt alliance between government and large commercial interests.

e.

Hamilton was not creating a large enough army to defend the United States.

a.

included George Washington.

b.

were mostly northerners who had supported ratification of the Constitution.

c.

believed future growth was to be found through close ties with Britain.

d.

agreed to a compromise that included placing the national capital in the South.

e.

were simply jealous of Hamilton’s close relationship with Washington.

a.

Jay’s Treaty should be construed or interpreted to put more restrictions on Indians.

b.

freedom of speech and of the press should be restricted if the president believed that to be necessary.

c.

the federal government could only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution.

d.

the “general welfare” clause of the Constitution gave the federal government power to create a national bank.

e.

the creation of new western settlements should be strictly limited to avoid Indian wars.

a.

leading a slave rebellion in Saint Domingue.

b.

designing Washington, D.C.

c.

masterminding the XYZ affair.

d.

negotiating the Louisiana Purchase.

e.

writing Letters from an American Farmer.

a.

a scientist who helped survey the new national capital.

b.

congressional leader of the opposition to Hamilton in the early 1790s.

c.

the secretary of war who publicly disagreed with Washington over Indian policy.

d.

an African-American slave whose capture inspired the Fugitive Slave Law.

e.

the first black person elected to Congress when he won election in the “Revolution of 1800.”

a.

Almost everyone supported it at first, because the French seemed to be following in the footsteps of Americans.

b.

Hamilton supported the creation of a standing army to prepare the nation should French radicalism spread across the Atlantic.

c.

Opponents of the French Revolution formed the Republican Party, headed by Thomas Jefferson.

d.

They blocked passage of Jay’s Treaty, which showed preference for Great Britain.

e.

President Washington immediately spoke out against French radicals and dispatched American warships to assist England.

a.

He abdicated the throne and moved to Switzerland.

b.

He successfully fled to Austria with his wife.

c.

He ruled as a less powerful constitutional monarch after the Revolution.

d.

He was executed.

e.

He was rescued from French imprisonment by British spies.

a.

The Indians.

d.

The West Indians.

b.

The Spanish.

e.

The British.

c.

The French.

a.

The United States attacked British forts, resulting in damage claims.

b.

The United States lost interest in the British forts in the Midwest.

c.

The United States was prepared to respect all Native American claims to western land.

d.

The United States was not prepared to fight militarily against Great Britain.

e.

France made peace with Great Britain and pushed the United States to sign the agreement.

a.

was also a British spy, which led to his arrest in the United States.

b.

commissioned American ships to fight the British.

c.

sought refuge in America as soon as the French Revolution began in 1789.

d.

became a key adviser to President Washington on European affairs.

e.

sought unsuccessfully to convince the Democratic-Republican Societies to support the French Revolution.

a.

The Hamilton-Burr duel.

b.

The election of 1800.

c.

Shays’s Rebellion.

d.

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

e.

Jay’s Treaty.

a.

The “rebels” largely blamed the Republican Party for their troubles.

b.

The Rebellion ended after a battle in which the “rebel” leader, Rufus King, was killed.

c.

It represented the first major challenge to the administration of President John Adams.

d.

It was the only time in U.S. history that the president commanded an army in the field.

e.

The Rebellion demonstrated that North-South divisions over slavery could turn violent.

a.

Shays’s dealt with unhappy farmers; the Whiskey event involved numerous drunks.

b.

Shays’s required national troops to be sent in, but the Whiskey Rebellion involved no military.

c.

Shays’s was put down by a state government; the Whiskey event required the national government to get involved.

d.

The Whiskey Rebellion involved violence, but Shays’s was peaceful protests.

e.

Shays’s involved taxes; the Whiskey event involved only prohibition of alcohol.

a.

was very conservative compared to the American Revolution.

b.

reinforced the Republicans’ sympathy toward the French.

c.

brought American troops to France to fight for liberty.

d.

had very little impact on American foreign policy.

e.

had the support of the American Federalist Party.

a.

criticized the Washington administration.

b.

spoke out against the French Revolution.

c.

formed only about a dozen chapters in various cities.

d.

strongly supported Hamilton’s economic program.

e.

broke up and created the Democratic and Republican parties by 1797.

a.

was the first pamphlet published in the United States by an American woman.

b.

was inspired by Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man.

c.

won strong support from the Federalist Party.

d.

strongly challenged traditional gender roles.

e.

was based on her experiences as a cross-dressing soldier during the Revolutionary War.

a.

The use of the word “male” in various provisions of the Constitution of 1787 excluded women from any role in politics.

b.

Women, unlike white men and male African-American slaves, were specifically not counted in determining congressional representation.

c.

Some women contributed to a growing democratization of political life by arguing for increased rights for their sex.

d.

By 1799, women actually gained the right to vote, but not the right to hold office, in four New England states and in Pennsylvania.

e.

The prevailing view of women as intellectually inferior to men meant that women’s involvement in politics never was considered.

a.

Women joining a sewing group.

b.

Men meeting at the town council to create a public school.

c.

Boys being groomed to be future leaders.

d.

Girls being given the chance to attend college.

e.

Native American men serving on the tribal council.

a.

A militia group patrolling the American borders.

b.

A cable news show debating American government policy.

c.

The American government supporting a dictator in order to trade for more oil.

d.

The police preventing television coverage of its response to a riot.

e.

Politicians calling for a quota system for immigration.

a.

James Madison and John Marshall.

b.

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.

c.

Aaron Burr and John Jay.

d.

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

e.

Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr.

a.

The two political parties were divided on the role of the government.

b.

The Federalists dominated the South and Republicans controlled New England.

c.

England respected American neutrality in regard to the war in Europe.

d.

John Adams was willing to use the ideas of Thomas Jefferson.

e.

Adams was eager to have Hamilton as his vice president.

a.

England.

d.

France.

b.

Spain.

e.

Canada.

c.

the Netherlands.

a.

was an uprising in Massachusetts.

b.

was provoked because of heavy taxes on whiskey.

c.

resulted in over 300 deaths and much property destruction.

d.

resulted in the execution of John Fries for treason.

e.

resulted in a loss of support for Federalists in southeastern Pennsylvania.

a.

Alexander Hamilton’s economic ideas.

d.

illegal immigrants.

b.

Federalists.

e.

British sympathizers.

c.

the Republican press.

a.

There would be a war against an angry France.

b.

War would be declared against England.

c.

Immigrants would keep coming to the United States.

d.

A hysteria like the Salem witch trials would result.

e.

Newspapers were being too critical of the president.

a.

the election of 1800.

d.

Fries’s Rebellion.

b.

Hamilton’s economic plan.

e.

impressments of American sailors.

c.

the Alien and Sedition Acts.

a.

Freedom of religion.

d.

Immigration reform.

b.

States’ rights.

e.

Free trade.

c.

The right to bear arms.

a.

targeted recent arrivals to the United States.

b.

led to the jailing of Federalist editors.

c.

was more stringent and oppressive than similar laws in Europe.

d.

led Jefferson to argue that states, not the federal government, could punish seditious speech.

e.

was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court two years later.

a.

He was willing to let John Adams remain as president.

b.

He wanted to use force to maintain his victory in the election.

c.

He was voicing criticism of Aaron Burr’s actions in the West.

d.

He hoped to free many of the slaves in the South.

e.

He was talking about freedom that secured America’s independence.

a.

The election finished in a tie.

b.

The House of Representatives had to pick the winner.

c.

The Democratic-Republicans won their first election.

d.

George Washington was not alive to see the results.

e.

Alexander Hamilton advocated Thomas Jefferson.

a.

Mathew Lyon.

d.

Mary Wollstonecraft.

b.

Patrick Henry.

e.

Benjamin Franklin.

c.

Sarah Morton.

a.

John Adams opposed it because it was a threat to the established order.

b.

Thomas Jefferson welcomed Haitian independence as another example of what he had advocated in the Declaration of Independence.

c.

Most white Americans were glad to see France, which had turned politically radical, suffer the loss of Haiti.

d.

Most enslaved Americans opposed L’Ouverture’s success because they believed it might inspire a white crackdown on their behavior.

e.

Many white Americans considered L’Ouverture’s uprising to be evidence of blacks’ unfitness for republican freedom.

a.

Mexico.

d.

Jamaica.

b.

Cuba.

e.

Puerto Rico.

c.

Haiti.

a.

Money.

d.

The backing of politicians.

b.

Help from Native Americans.

e.

A European army.

c.

The literacy of slave leaders.

a.

was doomed to fail because the African-American population of Richmond was so small.

b.

demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else.

c.

inspired Virginia to adopt a gradual emancipation law in 1803.

d.

failed partly because its leaders were plantation slaves, who had less contact with the outside world and were unaware of how little support they enjoyed.

e.

prompted several states to pass laws requiring slaves to be educated about the Constitution and the importance of obeying the law.

a.

He followed through on his inauguration speech’s statement (“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”) and treated them as equals.

b.

He courted their support because he knew he could never win approval for his policies without them.

c.

He tried to roll back almost everything they had done by cutting taxes and the size of government.

d.

Until just before leaving office, he used the Sedition Act to shut down Federalist newspapers critical of his administration.

e.

He led a successful effort to impeach and remove from office all Federalist judges, whom he then replaced with Republicans.

a.

It was John Marshall’s first case as chief justice.

b.

The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review.

c.

The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power.

d.

The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government.

e.

Marbury’s win meant that he became the new chief justice, a post he held for twenty-one years.

a.

exercised the authority to overturn a state law that the Court considered to be in violation of the U.S. Constitution.

b.

declared that corruption involved in the making of a law automatically invalidated that law.

c.

held that slaves who ran away from their masters had to be returned to them, even if the slaves had gone to a free state.

d.

asserted that political parties were constitutional even though they were not mentioned in the 1787 document.

e.

said that the purchase of land from a foreign power, as in the case of Louisiana, was constitutional.

a.

had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it.

b.

included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest.

c.

was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands.

d.

stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.

e.

consisted only of what is today the state of Louisiana and the southern half of Arkansas.

a.

The slave rebellion in Haiti almost persuaded Napoleon to keep Louisiana as a base from which to attack the island if necessary.

b.

France had guaranteed the United States commercial access to New Orleans, but Jefferson feared that a British victory over France would deprive the United States of that access.

c.

Jefferson believed that the Constitution explicitly and fully authorized this land deal.

d.

Jefferson expected the land acquisition to make possible the spread of agrarian republicanism.

e.

Ironically, a majority of Republican congressmen opposed the Purchase, so Federalist votes ultimately made its approval possible.

a.

It ensured an essential marketplace for western farmers.

b.

It provided essential raw materials.

c.

It allowed friendly Native Americans to become part of the United States.

d.

It provided access to many more bison.

e.

It provided land for railroads.

a.

They slaughtered two different Indian tribes.

b.

They encountered Indians west of the Mississippi who were involved in trading.

c.

Clark ended up staying in Montana to live with Indians on a permanent basis.

d.

They brought back numerous plant and animal specimens.

e.

They never reached the Pacific coast.

a.

an elderly Indian woman whom Lewis and Clark enslaved during their journey.

b.

born to a French-Canadian fur trapper and his native wife during Lewis and Clark’s journey.

c.

a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition.

d.

the only member of the Lewis and Clark expedition to return safely to St. Louis.

e.

the young Shoshone woman whom William Clark married during his winter in North Dakota.

a.

Men and women enjoyed complete legal equality, which was unheard of in the United States.

b.

Slavery was illegal.

c.

Slave women had the right to go to court for protection against cruelty or rape by their owners.

d.

An owner could not free his or her slaves without special permission from the Spanish monarch.

e.

Native Americans had been considered full citizens, with all of the rights and privileges associated with that status.

a.

The Barbary pirates held American merchant ships hostage, and Jefferson sent in the navy rather than pay the ransom.

b.

Jefferson wanted to disarm the pasha of Tripoli, who had gathered weapons he planned to use against the United States.

c.

Plantation owners wanted to import more Africans before the international slave trade became illegal in 1808, and they needed American firepower to help them do it.

d.

Jefferson had tried to cut the naval budget, and Federalists had accused him of being wishy-washy; Jefferson wanted to show that he could be tough.

e.

Tripoli had declared war on the United States after Jefferson refused demands for increased payments to the Barbary pirates.

a.

It banned trade with Indians due to attacks on American settlers in the West.

b.

The act passed despite opposition from President Thomas Jefferson.

c.

This policy hurt Great Britain more than it did American merchants.

d.

Through Jefferson’s urging, Americans were prohibited from sending ships to foreign ports.

e.

It led to the British and French governments reaching out to negotiate with Jefferson about free trade.

a.

was successful in restoring freedom of the seas.

b.

stopped the policy of impressment.

c.

severely hurt the economies of France and England.

d.

provoked war with France.

e.

caused economic depression within the United States.

a.

Jefferson’s advocacy for the Embargo Act.

b.

Jefferson’s cutting funding for the military.

c.

Jefferson’s paying down the national debt.

d.

Jefferson’s ending most taxes.

e.

Jefferson’s release of political prisoners.

a.

Madison’s refusal to support Macon’s Bill no. 2.

b.

Great Britain’s announcement that it would end the impressment of American sailors.

c.

Congressional War Hawks who pressed for territorial expansion into Florida and Canada.

d.

Tecumseh’s victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

e.

The Republican insistence on high tariffs.

a.

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

b.

John Randolph and Rufus King.

c.

Oliver Perry and Francis Scott Key.

d.

Andrew Jackson and William H. Harrison.

e.

Carter Glass and Ernest Hollings.

a.

Andrew Jackson.

d.

William Henry Harrison.

b.

Thomas Jefferson.

e.

James Monroe.

c.

George Washington.

a.

preached a militant message to Native Americans early in the nineteenth century.

b.

were chiefs of adjacent tribes, the Shawnee and the Seneca.

c.

fought beside Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans.

d.

both died at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

e.

differed on whether Indians or whites were more at fault for Native American problems.

a.

Tenskwatawa wanted Native Americans to assimilate into white American culture.

b.

Neolin advocated peaceful resistance against the British.

c.

Both men wanted to sign treaties with white settlers and share the land.

d.

Neolin wanted Native Americans to assimilate and adapt white American culture.

e.

Both men wanted to reject the white man’s culture.

a.

News traveled slowly due to limited technology.

b.

The British took control of forts in the Midwest.

c.

Tecumseh, a Native American chief, was killed in 1811.

d.

The British blockaded the American coastline.

e.

William Henry Harrison attacked Native American villages in 1811.

a.

New Orleans.

d.

Yorktown.

b.

Washington, D.C.

e.

Ontario.

c.

Pittsburgh.

a.

It did not have an army.

b.

It was having to fight both the British and the French.

c.

Most Americans in the South and West strongly opposed the war.

d.

Without a national bank, the war was difficult to finance.

e.

It was not receiving aid from France.

a.

refused on the grounds that, as a slaveholder, he could not accept their aid.

b.

discovered that all the blacks in New Orleans had left the city to support the British.

c.

recruited free men of color and promised them the same pay that white recruits received.

d.

accepted only enslaved men, to whom he offered freedom as a form of payment.

e.

accepted, but that so angered the white recruits that he later dismissed all the black soldiers.

a.

gave the United States large tracts of land in the West.

b.

gave Canada the option of joining the United States.

c.

was a humiliating treaty for Britain.

d.

restored the prewar status quo.

e.

resulted in the United States losing land to Canada.

a.

by an international arbitration agreement decided by the Russian czar.

b.

by the Treaty of Ghent.

c.

by Canadian towns buying the slaves’ freedom.

d.

by the slaves purchasing their freedom.

e.

by forcing France to pay Britain’s debts.

a.

Madison’s Republican Party disappeared as a significant political group.

b.

Andrew Jackson was court-martialed for fighting the British after the war ended.

c.

Indians lost much of their remaining land and power in the Old Northwest and the South.

d.

Americans felt ready to go to war again with Europe.

e.

The United States gained new territory west of the Mississippi River.

a.

The United States attacked British forts.

b.

All trade halted between Americans and Canadians.

c.

The smuggling of goods increased along the border.

d.

France regained part of Quebec.

e.

Indians attacked a town in Vermont.

a.

The United States gained the southern portion of Ontario.

b.

Both the British and Americans awarded land to Indians along the Canadian-United States border.

c.

The Canadians built a wall along their border with the United States to prevent more American invasions.

d.

The American government coordinated a plan with France to gain more Canadian territory, but it failed.

e.

Americans became more interested in territory in the West as opposed to Canada.

a.

All trade ceased between the two nations from 1814 to 1848.

b.

Many Canadians migrated south into New England.

c.

Americans continued to plan ways to gain Canada.

d.

Stereotypes developed on both sides that in some form still exist today.

e.

As compensation, the British asked that the Maine territory be broken off from Massachusetts and incorporated into Canada.

a.

The Republicans were blamed for the British victory in Washington, D.C., and therefore lost power.

b.

The Hartford Convention’s allegedly treasonous activities fatally damaged the Federalist Party’s reputation.

c.

Under the Alien and Sedition Acts, Madison was able to silence all opposition.

d.

James Monroe’s universal popularity as a hero of the War of 1812 made his Republican Party unbeatable.

e.

The Federalists were so pleased with the war’s outcome that they endorsed a union with the Republicans at their 1816 convention in Hartford.

a.

accused under the Sedition Act

b.

chief justice of the Supreme Court

c.

Haitian slave revolutionary

d.

organizer of a slave rebellion in America

e.

Pennsylvania militia leader tried for treason

f.

president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society

g.

shot Alexander Hamilton in a duel

h.

wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

i.

wrote The African Chief

j.

War Hawk

k.

argued for equal educational opportunities for women

l.

pan-Indian movement

a.

judicial review

b.

bribery scandal

c.

attacked the Sedition Act as unconstitutional

d.

Pennsylvanian farmer uprising

e.

unofficial conflict with France

f.

forced American sailors into the British navy

g.

restrictions placed on freedom of the press

h.

ended the Federalist Party

i.

called for war against Britain

j.

government could only do exactly what the Constitution stated

k.

negotiated with Britain

l.

bought for $15 million