a.

convinced him that the Stamp Act, which he had previously supported, was unwise.

b.

physically assaulted Hutchinson’s family, an act that prompted Great Britain to clamp down on colonial liberties.

c.

resulted from protests over the Stamp Act.

d.

led Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts immediately.

e.

included Samuel and John Adams.

a.

The Declaration of Independence.

b.

King Philip’s War.

c.

The Seven Years’ War.

d.

The Boston Tea Party.

e.

The appointment of William Pitt as British prime minister.

a.

that only those who were elected by a given population could represent that population in a legislative body.

b.

about representation that most politically active American colonists in the 1760s and 1770s embraced.

c.

endorsed by the Stamp Act Congress in 1765.

d.

that each member of Britain’s House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.

e.

that the king should appoint delegates to represent the colonies in the British House of Commons.

a.

increased the tax on molasses and made rum more expensive to produce.

b.

made sugar, a key consumer good, too expensive.

c.

mandated that violators of the act be tried in a court with a jury.

d.

eliminated the admiralty courts, which colonists had long favored.

e.

was an attempt to get them to pay a levy they would otherwise have evaded.

a.

it raised prices on printed products so much that most colonists no longer could afford to buy books and newspapers.

b.

lawyers were offended that they could be jailed for not using the correct stamp on legal documents.

c.

it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.

d.

none of the revenue raised would be spent within the colonies themselves.

e.

Benjamin Franklin went public with his opposition to it.

a.

The elite became more aware of liberty, but the lower classes remained unconcerned, choosing instead just to follow leaders who encouraged them to riot.

b.

The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people’s freedom.

c.

It led the Stamp Act Congress to adopt the Declaratory Act, which defined American liberties.

d.

It convinced colonists that revolting against Great Britain was the only way to secure their liberties.

e.

Requiring everyone freed from jail to wear a stamp reminded colonists that they were prisoners of the British empire.

a.

The Sugar Act financially hurt New England merchants.

b.

The Stamp Act was a tax that most colonists had to pay.

c.

The colonists did not like a westward barrier to settlements.

d.

The colonists criticized the lack of representation in Parliament.

e.

The colonists did not want the writs of assistance to be used.

a.

The Congress wanted to stop written protests of the tax.

b.

The Congress hoped to end boycotts.

c.

According to the Congress, colonial governors should make decisions unilaterally.

d.

The Congress did not want the colonies to work together.

e.

The Congress did not look to declare independence from England.

a.

They allowed for good communication between the colonists and their Indian allies.

b.

Enforcement of taxes and regulations became more efficient.

c.

These networks allowed slaves to communicate about escaping from their owners.

d.

Colonial leaders were able to spread ideas and information of resistance to taxes more quickly.

e.

The first committee started in Charleston, South Carolina, and more were created in other colonies except New England.

a.

enjoyed support from New York craftsmen and laborers.

b.

won widespread support from New York’s upper classes.

c.

opposed any violent response to the Stamp Act.

d.

prompted founder Samuel Adams and his cousin John Adams to break off relations.

e.

caused the Boston Massacre in 1765.

a.

imposed a boycott on all manufactured goods produced in the colonies.

b.

declared that colonists had to house British soldiers in their homes.

c.

closed the Port of Boston because of the Boston Tea Party.

d.

rejected American claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes.

e.

proclaimed the colonies’ independence from Great Britain.

a.

The Salem witch trials.

d.

Dominion of New England.

b.

Leisler’s Rebellion.

e.

Bacon’s Rebellion.

c.

King Philip’s War.

a.

There should be no taxes under any circumstances.

b.

Colonists wanted to be represented in the government.

c.

Colonial governors should make decisions unilaterally.

d.

Boycotts did not work as a means of protest.

e.

Native Americans should remain in control of land west of the Appalachians.

a.

The Sons of Liberty.

d.

The Association.

b.

The Regulators.

e.

The Rangers.

c.

The Paxton Boys.

a.

taxing goods imported into the colonies.

b.

taxing legal documents.

c.

sugar and rum.

d.

creating more smuggling opportunities.

e.

raising revenue to pay the salaries of colonial assembly members.

a.

the female children of the Founding Fathers, especially the daughters of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson.

b.

New England women who won voting rights in the 1770s.

c.

the brave women who cared for wounded soldiers during the early battles of the Revolution.

d.

women who spun and wove to create their own clothing rather than buy British goods.

e.

the first national women’s patriotic organization, which raised money to provide supplies for the Continental army after Saratoga.

a.

killed Indians who were raiding frontier towns.

b.

fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.

c.

captured members of the Sons of Liberty involved in the Boston Tea Party.

d.

fired on local minutemen guarding an arsenal.

e.

tried to defend Thomas Hutchinson from an angry mob.

a.

defended in court the British soldiers who participated in the Boston Massacre.

b.

organized the boycott of British imports following the Townshend Act.

c.

was the first person of mixed race to serve in the Continental Congress.

d.

was a man of mixed race who was killed at the Boston Massacre.

e.

died bravely at the Battle of Concord.

a.

symbolized the threat to liberty for many in both Britain and America.

b.

pleased most American colonists because of Wilkes’s pro-Stamp Act editorials.

c.

resulted from a column Wilkes wrote that was sympathetic toward those killed in the Boston Massacre.

d.

came after a London jury convicted him of colluding with pro-independence colonists.

e.

was reversed by the king, which led to a British constitutional crisis that diverted attention from the colonies.

a.

Tea Act.

d.

Townshend Duties.

b.

Quebec Act.

e.

Intolerable Acts.

c.

Sugar Act.

a.

Because it would aid a different part of the empire than their own, colonists felt that this was the kind of discriminatory action that violated the concept of liberty.

b.

By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain’s right to tax the colonists.

c.

It granted a monopoly, and the colonists opposed all forms of monopoly.

d.

The British East India Company made inferior tea, and colonists preferred not to drink it.

e.

It raised the tax on tea so much as to make tea prohibitively expensive.

a.

For the first time, British authorities stationed soldiers in Boston.

b.

Parliament closed all American ports to all trade until the tea destroyed by the Boston Tea Party was paid for.

c.

The Massachusetts Charter of 1691 was changed to curtail town meetings.

d.

The office of governor of Massachusetts became an elected position.

e.

Colonists were prevented from producing items made from glass, paper, or lead.

a.

The Declaration of Independence.

d.

State governors.

b.

The Writs of Assistance.

e.

The president.

c.

The Bill of Rights.

a.

granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada.

b.

placed a tax on all imported goods from Canada.

c.

removed the Ohio River Valley from the province of Quebec.

d.

called for Canada to join America in the struggle for independence.

e.

created Quebec out of the preexisting provinces of Ontario and New Brunswick.

a.

The peace treaty that ended the Regulator movement in North Carolina.

b.

A list of demands addressed to landlords, made in 1772 by New York tenant farmers.

c.

A group of anti-Tea Act petitions from Boston merchants to the Massachusetts royal governor.

d.

The resolutions pledging the Continental Congress’s loyalty to King George III in 1775.

e.

A set of resolutions made in 1774, urging Massachusetts citizens to prepare for war.

a.

Thomas Jefferson.

d.

Patrick Henry.

b.

George Washington.

e.

Edmund Randolph.

c.

Richard Henry Lee.

a.

served to warn colonists if the Royal Navy was approaching.

b.

were part of a series of efforts by the Continental Congress to promote unity and to take action against enemies of liberty.

c.

killed twenty-eight Loyalists before the Revolutionary War began.

d.

took action against Catholics trying to spread Quebec’s influence.

e.

were designed to protect British officials like Thomas Hutchinson but attracted too small a number of members to succeed.

a.

greatly influenced Thomas Jefferson’s early writings.

b.

prompted Thomas Jefferson to support independence before the war even began.

c.

caused many American colonists to call for the abolition of the monarchy.

d.

contradicted the argument for colonial resistance.

e.

led to Parliament’s passage of the Declaratory Act of 1766.

a.

Yorktown, a siege in Virginia.

b.

Monmouth, where the opposing armies fought to a draw.

c.

Bunker Hill, where the British suffered heavy casualties trying to dislodge colonial militiamen.

d.

Saratoga, where a large British army surrendered.

e.

Cowpens, which helped turn the tide of war in the South.

a.

They removed British troops from Boston.

b.

They declared that the colonies were in a state of rebellion.

c.

They asked the Spanish and French for help to defeat the Americans.

d.

They sent diplomats to negotiate for peace.

e.

They did not take the actions of Congress seriously because to them George Washington was an inexperienced commander.

a.

He encouraged Indians to conduct raids against backcountry settlements in the Carolinas.

b.

He issued a proclamation freeing all slaves south of the Ohio River.

c.

He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.

d.

He confiscated property of Loyalists.

e.

He circulated germ-ridden blankets among frontier towns to spread disease.

a.

Ben Franklin.

d.

George Washington.

b.

Sam Adams.

e.

Joseph Galloway.

c.

Ethan Allen.

a.

argued that the British governmental system was perfectly good but that current officials had corrupted it.

b.

made highly original arguments in favor of independence.

c.

sold well among the elite, who in turn were able to convey its ideas to the lower classes.

d.

argued that America would become the home of freedom and “an asylum for mankind.”

e.

led to his arrest on charges of treason, but he saved himself by writing another pamphlet taking the opposite position.

a.

It was the only document in 1776 calling for American independence.

b.

It was mostly original in its ideas and concepts.

c.

It wanted the United States to form a representative government.

d.

It expanded the size of the public sphere, going beyond the elite.

e.

It talked about how American commerce would flourish even more once it was no longer under British regulations.

a.

Thomas Jefferson.

d.

Ben Franklin.

b.

Jonathan Boucher.

e.

Thomas Paine.

c.

Samuel Seabury.

a.

Both Jefferson and Paine discussed how the United States could create a navy.

b.

Both showed how a king can be a tyrant.

c.

Paine used many Latin phrases, which led Jefferson to do the same.

d.

Paine criticized using slaves from Africa, and that same criticism appeared in the Declaration of Independence.

e.

Both documents contradicted the ideas of John Locke.

a.

He was a Revolutionary War hero for the Americans.

b.

He served in the Continental Congress from New York.

c.

As a minister, he led colonial protests against British taxes.

d.

He was a British general who chased after Washington’s army.

e.

As a colonial minister, he remained a British Loyalist.

a.

religion.

d.

property ownership.

b.

British tyranny.

e.

Indians’ right to use land.

c.

sedition.

a.

was originally drafted by Benjamin Franklin and then brilliantly edited by Thomas Jefferson.

b.

consists of a list of grievances against King George III.

c.

is an updated version of John Locke’s classic, The Rights of Man.

d.

specifically attacks the idea that Parliament has a right to enact any laws for the colonies.

e.

is an irrefutable argument for the notion of virtual representation.

a.

He wanted to emphasize free speech.

b.

He was unsure of including women.

c.

He wanted to reach a worldwide audience.

d.

He was actually reiterating that his opinion was the most significant.

e.

He borrowed the phrase from Parliament.

a.

10 percent

d.

40 percent

b.

20 percent

e.

50 percent

c.

30 percent

a.

It immediately resulted in Great Britain granting independence to its colonies.

b.

Spain welcomed the document, printing multiple copies for its citizens.

c.

It inspired future revolutions against despotic governments.

d.

It led to an immediate alliance with France.

e.

It weakened the resolve of British military commanders fighting against the Patriots.

a.

the Spanish established a mission at San Diego.

b.

the Lakota Sioux settled in the Black Hills.

c.

the French and Indian War ended.

d.

the steam engine was invented.

e.

the Boston Massacre occurred.

a.

George Washington’s major assaults on New York City.

b.

The French invasion of England.

c.

The French blockade of Philadelphia.

d.

Washington’s ability to keep an army together.

e.

An alliance with Spain.

a.

Washington did not want the British to gain an advantage by using ex-slaves.

b.

Washington felt they were superior soldiers.

c.

The Continental Congress stated black soldiers would not be given any compensation.

d.

The French insisted that the Continental army be a diverse fighting force.

e.

Washington saw black enlistment as the quickest way to end slavery in the colonies.

a.

80,000.

d.

350,000.

b.

125,000.

e.

500,000.

c.

200,000.

a.

that the Continental Congress should agree to peaceful reunification with Britain.

b.

to inspire American soldiers to continue to fight despite demoralizing military losses.

c.

that independence was too costly a goal for the colonies.

d.

to encourage European powers to provide military assistance to the cause of American independence.

e.

a prediction that the war would end unhappily for supporters of independence.

a.

Saratoga and Albany, New York.

b.

Morristown and East Orange, New Jersey.

c.

Long Island and White Plains, New York.

d.

Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.

e.

Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey.

a.

France becoming an ally to the United States.

b.

the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress.

c.

the immediate surrender of all British troops to the Continental army.

d.

British commanders taking the war into the heart of New England for the first time.

e.

General Washington’s decision to retreat to Valley Forge for the winter.

a.

from minor skirmishes of fewer than 100 men to major battles, each involving thousands of soldiers.

b.

from fighting in the southern states to fighting in New York and New England.

c.

to an emphasis on the Continental army’s trying to capture British strongholds in the Ohio Valley.

d.

to the South, where the British captured Savannah that year.

e.

to emancipation, when General Washington declared that all slaves who fought for American independence should be free.

a.

enabled the British to turn around their previously unsuccessful performance during the war.

b.

prompted several mutinies within colonial ranks.

c.

gave the British hope that they might be able to enlist the support of southern Loyalists.

d.

led Benedict Arnold to defect to the British.

e.

caused Francis Marion’s eventual defeat at the Battle of Cowpens.

a.

he had no land or water escape route.

b.

he was overwhelmed by Washington’s much larger and better-trained army.

c.

General Clinton had withdrawn from Yorktown, leaving Cornwallis vulnerable.

d.

most of his troops were cold, starving, and ready to surrender.

e.

King George III ordered an end to the war.

a.

ignored those who had been loyal to the British empire.

b.

was a masterful bit of diplomacy by Thomas Jefferson.

c.

gave the new American nation control of Florida.

d.

led to the British government receiving compensation for anything the Continental Congress had taken from British citizens.

e.

began only after the Battle of Yorktown.

a.

were handed over to the new United States in the Treaty of Paris.

b.

issued their own declarations of independence in the late 1770s.

c.

remained loyal to the crown during the American Revolution because their leaders feared slave uprisings.

d.

all fell into the hands of the French, either through conquest or treaty, as a result of the American Revolution.

e.

were divided during the American Revolution: some islands sent regiments to the Continental army, while others proudly fought for the king.

a.

Mexico would be independent from Spain.

b.

Trading concessions were most important to the United States.

c.

France and England could work together in spreading Catholicism.

d.

Canada wanted to be part of the United States.

e.

Native Americans were not given a role in shaping the eastern half of North America.

a.

Canadian territory.

b.

Spanish Florida.

c.

A large piece of territory west of the Appalachian Mountains.

d.

Property from Loyalists.

e.

Exclusive trading rights with Spain.

a.

offered freedom to slaves if they fought for the British

b.

American traitor in command of West Point

c.

lawyer defending British soldiers at Boston Massacre

d.

British chancellor of the Exchequer

e.

Massachusetts lieutenant governor

f.

wrote Common Sense

g.

commander of the Continental army

h.

author of the Declaration of Independence

i.

British commander

j.

sailor who died in the Boston Massacre

k.

declared “Give me liberty, or give me death!”

l.

leader of the Green Mountain boys

a.

first significant American victory

b.

beneficiary of the Tea Act

c.

religious tolerance for Catholics

d.

colonists who were loyal to Britain

e.

black Loyalist forces

f.

pamphlet that argued for American independence

g.

each member of Parliament represented the entire empire

h.

exchanged ideas about resistance

i.

street protesters

j.

wealthy South Carolina backcountry

k.

refusal to buy British goods

l.

viewed by colonists as a major violation of liberty