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Homework answers / question archive / 1) Thomas is short, slim, and loves poetry
1) Thomas is short, slim, and loves poetry. Is he more likely to be an Ivy League classics professor or a truck driver?
A professor because he fits the prototype of an Ivy League classics professor.
A professor because truck drivers do not love poetry.
A professor because truck drivers are tall.
A truck driver because there are very few Ivy League classics professors but thousands of truck drivers.
2) In a double-blind study:
The experimental and the control participants do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.
The participants and the researchers do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.
There are two experimental groups.
There are two control groups.
3) The best way to learn a behavior through classical conditioning is to:
Pair the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus in a couple of trials.
Select weak conditioned stimuli.
Present the conditioned stimulus immediately after the unconditioned stimulus.
Present the conditioned stimulus immediately before the unconditioned stimulus
4) Jose wants to quit smoking. His psychologist induces a taste aversion by giving him cigarettes that taste terrible. This is an application of (a):
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Shaping
Heuristic
Answer:
1) The correct option is a professor because he fits the prototype of an Ivy league classic professor.
Prototype refers to the specific ideal image of a category member, with all known attributes in it. For example: when to think about apples most people think of apples, because apple is the prototype for fruits.
In this question, Thomas is short and slim, it fits the prototype of Ivy League classic professor than truck driver.
Other options are incorrect because it is not about prototype.
2) The correct option is the participants and the researchers do not know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.
In double blind study participants and researchers do not know who is in which group and who is receiving a particular treatment. It is useful for preventing bias.
Other options: there are two experimental groups, there are two control groups, the experimental and control participants do not know who is in experimental and control group is incorrect because these are not true about double blind hypothesis.
3) The correct option is present the conditional stimulus immediately before unconditional stimulus.
Classical conditioning is the learning procedure in which a conditional stimulus and unconditional stimulus is paired. Conditional stimulus is present before an unconditional stimulus.
Other options: other options are incorrect because conditional stimulus is present just before unconditional stimulus which results in unconditioned response.
4) The correct option is classical conditioning.
taste aversion is a classical conditioning procedure in which there is an association between particular taste and illness. It becomes conditioned. This question best describes classical conditioning.
Other options: shaping, operant conditioning and heuristic are incorrect because they are not involved in taste aversion. Heuristic is a decision making process and not associated with taste aversion.
