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A study compared three display panels used by air traffic controllers
A study compared three display panels used by air traffic controllers. Each display panel was tested for four different simulated emergency conditions. Twenty-four highly trained air traffic controllers were used in the study. Two controllers were randomly assigned to each display panel-emergency condition combination. The time (in seconds) required to stabilize the emergency condition was recorded. The resulting data and analysis results are given below.
Display panel data:
| Display panel | EC 1 | EC 2 | EC 3 | EC 4 |
| A | 17 | 25 | 31 | 14 |
| 14 | 24 | 34 | 13 | |
| B | 15 | 22 | 28 | 9 |
| 12 | 19 | 31 | 10 | |
| C | 21 | 29 | 32 | 15 |
| 24 | 28 | 37 | 19 |
Two-way ANOVA results
| Source of Variation | DF | SS | MS | F | P |
| Panel | 2 | 218.58 | 109.29 | 26.49 | 0.000 |
| Condition | 3 | 1247.46 | 15.82 | 100.80 | 0.000 |
| Interaction | 6 | 16.42 | 2.74 | 0.66 | 0.681 |
| Error | 12 | 49.50 | 4.13 | ||
| Total | 23 | 1531.96 |
(a) Set up null and alternative hypotheses to (a) test the significance of display panel effect, (b) test the significance of emergency condition effects, and (c) test the interaction a between the two factors.
(b) Justify the type of ANOVA (one-way or two-way) you will apply to test the hypotheses.
(c) Interpret the p values in the results table for an accept/reject decision regarding the hypotheses.
(d) State your conclusions including what the ANOVA results do not tell you and your needed actions as a researcher.
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