1. Two generic approaches to leadership:

• Innovative leadership: leaders should understand the situation and should come up with innovative ideas to solve the problems. They should be good in visualizing the future and determine should be able to lead his employees in the right direction.
• Transformational: in the modern world, organization needs a transformational leader who is capable of bringing a positive change in the organization. A leader should be able to transform his team and bring effective changes in the organization.

Managers can learn to be an effective idol for his juniors. He can learn innovative ideas which can bring a positive change in the organization. By following these approaches, managers can become more competitive and dynamic in nature.

2. Path-goal theory is based in identifying leadership styles and behavior of employees and environment that best suits them and could help them in achieving organizational goals.

• Subordinate's characteristics: subordinate's characters include his needs, locus of control, experience, level of satisfaction and willingness to leave or join the organization. They will perceive the orders of leaders according to their mental capability and state.
• Leader's behavior: a leader adjusts his leadership style according to his subordinates. There are four leadership styles- directive, supportive, participative, and achievement- oriented.
• Environmental characteristics: overcoming obstacle is the main purpose of path-goal theory. Of employees are incapable of overcoming obstacle, leaders help them to select a path and work on it. These characteristics are out of the control of the employees. Task characteristics that arise may be design of the task and the work group.