Experiment 11: Thin Lenses
The goal of this lab is to explore formation of images by thin lenses
Physics Dec 04, 2020
Experiment 11: Thin Lenses
The goal of this lab is to explore formation of images by thin lenses.
Theory
For a thin lens with focal length f
, it can be shown that
1f= 1do+idi
(1)
where do
and di
are the object and image distances respectively. This is called the thin-lens equation. The object distance is measured from the object to the lens, and the image distance is measured from the image to the lens.
In this equation, the focal length f
should be taken with sign “plus” in the case of converging lens and with the sign “minus” in the case of diverging lens. The object distance do
is positive number corresponding to the object position to the left of the lens. The image distance di
found from the lens equation could be either positive or negative number. Distance di>0
corresponds to the image positioned to the right of the lens (real image), whereas di<0
corresponds to the image positioned to the left of the lens (virtual image).
Lateral magnification, M
, is defined as the ratio of the image height, hi
, to object height, ho
:
M=hiho
(2)
The value of M
can be found as
M=-dido
(3)
In Eq. (3), M
can be either positive or negative number Positive values of M
correspond to the upright image having the same orientation as an object, whereas negative values of M
correspond to the inverted image having orientation opposite to that of the object.
In this lab, we’ll explore how thin converging and diverging lenses form the images at different positions of an object relative to the lens
Object height and position. Click and hold (purple circle).
left or right: change object position.
up or down: object height.
How to use the Simulation
Change object height, position and focal point
Change focal point. Click and hold (purple circle).
left or right: change focal position.
Experiment
Part A. Converging lens (f>0
)
Set do=12 units ho=1 unit, and f=5 units. Find the image distance di and the image size hi Record the value of di and the lateral magnification M=hiho in the data table.
Repeat step 1 as you decrease the object distance to 11, 9, 3, 2, and 1 unit. Record your results in the data table.
Calculate di and M using Eqs. (1)-(3) and record your results in the table.
do
12
11
9
3
2
1
di
, exp.
M
, exp.
di
, calc.
M
, calc.
Analysis:
At what values of do the image is real? At what values of do the image is virtual? How do you know? Explain your answer.
At what values of do the image is upright? At what values of do the image is inverted? How do you know? Explain your answer.
Part A. Diverging lens (f<0
)
Set do=12 units ho=2 units, and f=-6 units. Find the image distance di and the image size hi Record the value of di and the lateral magnification M=hiho in the data table.
Repeat step 1 as you decrease the object distance to 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 units. Record your results in the data table.
Calculate di and M using Eqs. (1)-(3) and record your results in the table.
do
12
10
8
6
4
2
di
, exp.
M
, exp.
di
, calc.
M
, calc.
Analysis:
At what values of do the image is real? At what values of do the image is virtual? How do you know? Explain your answer.
At what values of do the image is upright? At what values of do the image is inverted? How do you know? Explain your answer.
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