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Writing Your Outline If possible, use the feedback you got in the discussion board to revise your assignment before posing it

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Writing Your Outline

If possible, use the feedback you got in the discussion board to revise your assignment before posing it.

The lecture for this module walks you step-by-step through the process of creating three different sections of your outline and adding in research. If you find as you are drafting that you don't have enough information in the eight sources you found last module, you are welcome to find more research or to swap out new research for things that didn't end up being as useful as you first thought.

Here are Guidelines for the Outline This Module:

Overall:

• Your outline should represent complete development of the Problem Analysis, Solution, and Address of the Opposition.
• Your outline must be logical and clearly demonstrate the argument being made.

Thesis:

• Before you begin your outline state your thesis, revising it from previous modules if necessary.

Structure:

• Fully develop the problem analysis, solution section, and address of the opposition sections to include your research with citations. Follow the guidelines in the lecture.
• Include the primary arguments as a section  but without research. If you choose, you may include the subject headings as place-holders, though they will not be graded this module.
• Download the Outline Part I Outline Part I Starter Outline-Writing Today(1).docx  here if you want some guidance, but keep in mind, it’s just a starter.  You may also use the sample student assignment as a model (see the sample assignments folder on the left column). 
   

Research:

• Follow the guidelines from the lecture about adding research into each section. 
   
• Your research should all be from trustworthy sources that help to boost your credibility. By the time you draft your paper, no more than half of your sources should be websites.
• Your research must be cited parenthetically within the outline.
• Somewhere in your completed outline for Module 6 you will need to have an image, chart, or graph with a parenthetical citation and works cited entry. If that visual is going ot be included in one of these three sections, you should include it now.
• You should have an updated works cited page at the end of the outline (starting on a new page) that includes all of the sources you've cited so far. Do not include sources you haven't yet incorporated into the outline.  This may, potentially, mean that you aren't including all eight sources in this version of the works cited page, but you should be using at least half.

Format:

• Times New Roman, 12 Point Font
• Double Space Your Heading
• Single Space the Outline, Remove the extra spacing after paragraphs

 

 

 

 

Sample

Brooke B.

Instructor

Composition 1020

Date

Source Outline Part I

 

Break this section down into Background and Causes.  You may also include effects if it helps lay the groundwork for your proposal and isn’t covered elsewhere.

Thesis: Omaha Public Schools should create a later start time for high school students.

 

 

Sections:

1. Problem Statement

1. Background
   1. Test Scores
      1. OPS students test scores are, on average, lower than the test scores of other students around Nebraska (Goodsell)
      2. “Starting in seventh grade, the reading gaps [for OPS students] average 44 percentage points” (Goodsell)
   2. School Policies
      1. OPS current start times are 7:40 a.m. and dismissal at 2:45 p.m., both five minutes earlier than before 2011 (Bradon).
      2. Students must have 49 credits to graduate (“Graduation Requirements for High School”).
      3. “The mission of the Omaha Public Schools is to provide educational opportunities which enable all students to achieve their highest potential.”(“Online School Board Policies”).
2. Causes
   1. The ‘biological clock’ change in teens happens around ages 11 or 12 and the result is teens won’t feel tired until about 10 P.M. or later while in the morning still feeling tired (Schutte-Rodin).

   2. Leave a section heading for support, but don’t develop this part of the outline yet.

      Researchers studying the sleep of adolescents suggest teens need 9-1/4 hours of sleep a night in order to be completely alert (Schutte-Rodin).
       

II. Support

III. Solution

1. Start School Later
   1. Action:
      1. Move school start time from 7:40-8:50 am
      2. Move school end time from 2:45-3:35pm
   2. Research:

1. 1. The requested actions: Come from the writer, not research.  They are not cited. Begin with an action verb: Continue, Save, Maintain, Move

      “But at the end of the day, I think its incumbent upon education leaders to not run school systems that work good for buses but that don’t work good for students,”(Arne Duncan qtd. in “Education Secretary: Start School Later in Day”).

B. Change Bussing

1. Action:
   1. Continue bussing students who have been bussed, but change the pickup times to meet the new schedule.
   2. Save money because busses will be less in demand at this time.
2. Research:
   1. St. Lucie County schools have moved start times from 7:30am to 9:30am which saved them 2 million by lowering the number of buses and having the remaining buses do more routes (Bazar).
   2. West Des Moines School District in Iowa saved $700,000 yearly by getting a later start time and reducing the amount of buses used. (Trudeau).

C. Move Some Extracurricular Activities

1. Action:
   1. Maintain all extra curricular programs.

   2. You should be addressing about 2 points of opposition. You should include a single statement of the opposition’s view that demonstrates you understand the complexities of the issue. You may include one brief piece of research for the opposition if it is necessary. The bulk of your research in this section should focus on accommodating or refuting the opposition.

      Move programs with short meetings before schools.
   3. Move some tutoring before school.
2. Research:
   1. Tutoring, intervention programs, and athletics were moved to 7:25 A.M. to work with the later start time while not getting rid of these programs (Geiselman).
   2. By having these at 7:00 A.M. students don’t have to miss out on them because school would be getting out later (Geiselman).

IV. Address of the Opposition

1. Opposition #1
   1. Some may argue that it is the parent’s job to get their teens to bed in time.
2. Refutation:

1. The ‘Biological Clock’ is actually 10,000 cells that switch the brain to being awake or going to sleep state. A teenager’s oscillator has different timing of their sleep state which is about an hour later (Black).
2. The biological clock in the brain that is reset to a later time during puberty. This biological clock controls when you feel sleepy and alert. It also controls your body temperature. It even controls when your body releases melatonin and many other important hormones (“Schutte-Rodin”).

3. Opposition #2
   1. Some might argue that changing school times would cost too much money and would complicate the school transportation system.
4. Refutation

1. St. Lucie County schools have moved start times from 7:30am to 9:30am which saved them 2 million by lowering the number of buses and having the remaining buses do more routes (Bazar).
2. By changing the start times for elementary, middle, and high school for the West Des Moines School District in Iowa, they were able to reduce the amount of buses and save $700,000 yearly (Trudeau).

 

 

Visuals:

If your outline referenced visuals, insert them here with a brief caption. Note that you are required to include one image, chart, or graph within the completed outline next module.Works Cited

Bazar, Emily. "School Districts Tweak Schedules to Save Money." USA Today, 24 March 2009, p. 3a. Academic Search Premier, accession no. J0E001995874509.

Black, Susan. "A Wake-Up Call on High-School Starting Times." Education Digest vol. 66, no. 4, Dec. 2000, p. 33. Academic Search Premier, accession number 3857317.

“Education Secretary: Start School Later in Day.” United Press International, 5 Sept. 2013, 3:00 am, www.upi.com/Education-secretary-Start-school-later-in-day/92611378364400/.

Geiselman, Bruce. “North Olmsted Schools Push Back Controversial 7:20 A.M. Start Times.” Cleveland, Advance Ohio, 20 April 2014, 7:39 pm. www.cleveland.com/north-olmsted/index.ssf/2014/04/north_olmsted_schools_push_bac_1.html.

 

This page is  no longer available online, so the URL has been omitted as we revised the citation to 8th edition, and an access date was included to help the reader know that if they are struggling to find it, there may be a reason why.

Goodsell, Paul. “Achievement Gap Still Tests OPS.” Omaha World Herald, 10 Mar. 2013, www.omaha.com/news/achievement-gap-still-tests-ops/article_1a93f175-1f77-5309-ae33-a7868450b2a7.html

 

“Graduation Requirements for High School.” Omaha Public Schools, 2012. Accessed 24 April 2014.

“Online School Board Policies.” Omaha Public Schools, 2012. www.nasbonline.org/
OnlinePolicyManuals/Policy/Index/5143.

Shutte-Rodin, Sharon. “Teens and School Start Times.” Your Sleep, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2010. Accessed 23 Apr. 2014.

Trudeau, Michelle. “High Schools Starting Later to Help Sleepy Teens.” National Public Radio, morning ed. 18 Jan. 2007, 12:30 a.m., www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?
storyId=6896471.