Option d. Planning, organising, leading and controlling

Henri Fayol has identified five elements but now there are four functions of management as planning, organising, leading and controlling. Management means directing and controlling a group of people or an organization to achieve a goal. According to Mary Parker Follet, "Management is the art of getting things done through others". Planning is the process by which managers set the goals and define the methods to achieve those goals. Organising involves assigning and grouping tasks into departments and delegation of authority. It also includes allocation of resources to achieve goals. Leading is influencing or motivating the members to attain the common goals of the organization. Controlling is the process which helps the managers to ensure that the resources are allocated efficiently and effectively to accomplish the purposes of the organization.

Options a, b and c are not the right answers. Planning, Organising, Commanding, Coordinating and Controlling are the five functions of management identified by Henri Fayol. But today, the basic functions of management includes planning, organising, leading and controlling and these functions work as a continuous process.