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1) Interpret this statement: “A statistical relationship between two variables is a necessary but not a suffi cient condition for inferring a causal relationship between the variables

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1) Interpret this statement: “A statistical relationship between two variables is a necessary but not a suffi cient condition for inferring a causal relationship between the variables.”

2. What alternative hypotheses would you want to explore if your causal-comparative research indicates that there is a relationship between self-concept and achievement in school?