John Maynard Keynes was lived in early 20th-century British economist, known as the father of Keynesian economics. His theories of Keynesian economics addressed, among other things. The causes of long-term unemployment in a paper titled "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money," Keynes became an outspoken proponent of full employment and government intervention as a way to stop economic recession. His career spanned academic roles and government service.

John Maynard Keynes was born in 1883 and grew up to be an economist, journalist and financier, thanks in large part to his father, John Neville Keynes, an Economics lecturer at Cambridge University. His mother, one of the first female graduates of Cambridge University, was active in charitable works for less-privileged people. Keynes advocated the best way to pull an economy out of a recession is the government should borrow money and increase demand by infusing the economy with capital that spend. This means that Keynesian economics is a sharp contrast to laissez-faire in that it believes in government intervention.

Macroeconomic theory gain its origins in the study of business cycles and monetary theory. In general, early theorists believed that monetary factors could not affect the real factors such as real output. John Maynard Keynes attacked some of these "classical" theories and produced a general theory that described the whole economy by terms of aggregates than the individual, microeconomic parts. Attempting to explain the unemployment and recessions, he noticed that the tendency for people and businesses had to cash and avoid investment during a recession. He argued that the invalidated assumptions of classical economists who thought that markets always clear, leaving no surplus of goods and no willing labor left idle.