A) inflation measured in Bangladesh

Inflation in Bangladesh and other countries is usually calculated as the percent change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from one year to the next. The CPI represents the prices paid by the average urban consumer in each respective country. Inflation can also be calculated with other price indexes such as the Produce Price Index or the so-called GDP deflator.

Definition

Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

example

Inflation is often used to describe the impact of rising oil or food prices on the economy. For example, if the price of oil goes from $75 a barrel to $100 a barrel, input prices for businesses will increase and transportation costs for everyone will also increase. This may cause many other prices to rise in response.

unemployment in Bangladesh

The country has failed to create adequate jobs, especially for the rising young population, despite higher economic growth in recent years. ... The urban-rural population ratio is 30:70 in Bangladesh. Analysts observe that the unemployed population should be higher than what was shown in the survey.

example

Unemployment is defined as the situation of being without a job. If 10 percent of people in America are looking for work and cannot find it, this is an example of when the unemployment rate is 10 percent. If you are fired from your job and do not have a new one, this is an example of unemployment

B) effect of covid in Bangladesh

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the partial lockdown, the disease intensity, weak governance in the healthcare system, insufficient medical facilities, unawareness, and the sharing of misinformation in the mass media has led to people experiencing fear and anxiety. The present study intended to conduct a perception-based analysis to get an idea of people's psychosocial and socio-economic crisis, and the possible environmental crisis, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Example

There was a positive significant association between fear of the COVID-19 outbreak with the struggling healthcare system (p < 0.05) of the country. Also, there was a negative association between the fragile health system of Bangladesh and the government's ability to deal with the pandemic (p < 0.05), revealing the poor governance in the healthcare system. A positive association of shutdown and social distancing with the fear of losing one's own or a family members' life, influenced by a lack of healthcare treatment (p < 0.05), reveals that, due to the decision of shutting down normal activities, people may be experiencing mental and economic stress. However, a positive association of the socio-economic impact of the shutdown with poor people's suffering, the price hike of basic essentials, the hindering of formal education (p < 0.05), and the possibility of a severe socio-economic and health crisis will be aggravated. Moreover, there is a possibility of a climate change-induced disaster and infectious diseases like dengue during/after the COVID-19 situation, which will create severe food insecurity (p < 0.01) and a further healthcare crisis.

C)

The number of studies on Bangladesh’s inflation, however, is much less than that on India’s.

Taslim (1982) is one of the pioneering studies on Bangladesh’s inflation determinants. He attempts to

analyze the inflationary process in Bangladesh in the light of the structuralist-monetarist controversy. To

this end, three models of inflation are constructed and tested: a purely structuralist one, a purely

monetarist one, and a hybrid model. Taslim finds that the hybrid model performs best, suggesting that at

least for Bangladesh, both sets of factors are relevant. He concludes that money growth and exchange rate

movements are key determinants of inflation as are structural bottlenecks in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has made remarkable progress toward ending poverty and sharing prosperity with more of its people. As recently as 2000, about one in three Bangladeshis lived in extreme poverty based on the national poverty line; today, this has fallen to 13 percent. The poorest 40 percent of the population also saw positive per person consumption growth. Like in most countries, a key reason was broad-based growth in earnings. With more than 20 million people still living in extreme poverty and many workers with insecure jobs, Bangladesh cannot be complacent. It needs faster economic growth that can deliver more and better jobs for everyone.

Conclusion

The measure are based on monetary policy.