1)

Stuck at home during the coronavirus pandemic, with movie theaters closed and no restaurants to dine in, Americans have been spending more of their lives online.

But a New York Times analysis of internet usage in the United States from SimilarWeb and Apptopia, two online data providers, reveals that our behaviors shifted, sometimes starkly, as the virus spread and pushed us to our devices for work, play and connecting.

• The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated 10 key technology trends, including digital payments, telehealth and robotics.
• These technologies can help reduce the spread of the coronavirus while helping businesses stay open.
• Technology can help make society more resilient in the face of pandemic and other threats.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies are playing a crucial role in keeping our society functional in a time of lockdowns and quarantines. And these technologies may have a long-lasting impact beyond COVID-19.

Here are 10 technology trends that can help build a resilient society, as well as considerations about their effects on how we do business, how we trade, how we work, how we produce goods, how we learn, how we seek medical services and how we entertain ourselves.

1. Online Shopping and Robot Deliveries

COVID-19 has transformed online shopping from a nice-to-have to a must-have around the world. Some bars in Beijing have even continued to offer happy hours through online orders and delivery.

Online shopping needs to be supported by a robust logistics system. In-person delivery is not virus-proof. Many delivery companies and restaurants in the US and China are launching contactless delivery services where goods are picked up and dropped off at a designated location instead of from or into the hands of a person.

2. Digital and Contactless Payments

Cash might carry the virus, so central banks in China, US and South Korea have implemented various measures to ensure banknotes are clean before they go into circulation. Now, contactless digital payments, either in the form of cards or e-wallets, are the recommended payment method to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Digital payments enable people to make online purchases and payments of goods, services and even utility payments, as well as to receive stimulus funds faster.

3. Remote Work

Many companies have asked employees to work from home. Remote work is enabled by technologies including virtual private networks (VPNs), voice over internet protocols (VoIPs), virtual meetings, cloud technology, work collaboration tools and even facial recognition technologies that enable a person to appear before a virtual background to preserve the privacy of the home. In addition to preventing the spread of viruses, remote work also saves commute time and provides more flexibility. Yet remote work also imposes challenges to employers and employees.

4. Distance Learning

As of mid-April, 191 countries announced or implemented school or university closures, impacting 1.57 billion students. Many educational institutions started offering courses online to ensure education was not disrupted by quarantine measures. Technologies involved in distant learning are similar to those for remote work and also include virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D printing and artificial-intelligence-enabled robot teachers.

5. Telehealth

Telehealth can be an effective way to contain the spread of COVID-19 while still providing essential primary care. Wearable personal IoT devices can track vital signs. Chatbots can make initial diagnoses based on symptoms identified by patients.

6. Online Entertainment

Although quarantine measures have reduced in-person interactions significantly, human creativity has brought the party online. Cloud raves and online streaming of concerts have gain traction around the world.

7. Supply Chain 4.0

The COVID-19 pandemic has created disruptions to the global supply chain. With distancing and quarantine orders, some factories are completely shut down. While demand for food and personal protective equipment soar, some countries have implemented different levels of export bans on those items. Heavy reliance on paper-based records, a lack of visibility on data and lack of diversity and flexibility have made existing supply chain system vulnerable to any pandemic.

Core technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as Big Data, cloud computing, Internet-of-Things (“IoT”) and blockchain are building a more resilient supply chain management system for the future by enhancing the accuracy of data and encouraging data sharing.

8. 3D Printing

3D printing technology has been deployed to mitigate shocks to the supply chain and export bans on personal protective equipment. 3D printing offers flexibility in production: the same printer can produce different products based on different design files and materials, and simple parts can be made onsite quickly without requiring a lengthy procurement process and a long wait for the shipment to arrive.

9. Robotics and Drones

COVID-19 makes the world realize how heavily we rely on human interactions to make things work. Labor intensive businesses, such as retail, food, manufacturing and logistics are the worst hit.

COVID-19 provided a strong push to rollout the usage of robots and research on robotics. In recent weeks, robots have been used to disinfect areas and to deliver food to those in quarantine. Drones have walked dogs and delivered items.

10. 5G and Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

All the aforementioned technology trends rely on a stable, high-speed and affordable internet. While 5G has demonstrated its importance in remote monitoring and healthcare consultation, the rollout of 5G is delayed in Europe at the time when the technology may be needed the most. The adoption of 5G will increase the cost of compatible devices and the cost of data plans. Addressing these issues to ensure inclusive access to internet will continue to be a challenge as the 5G network expands globally.

(b). The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the usage of social media by the world's general population, celebrities, world leaders, and professionals. Social networking services have been used to spread information, and to find humour and distraction from the pandemic via Internet memes.

Social media has seen a sharp increase in use during the pandemic, largely due to social distancing measures encouraged by many governments. Since many people are asked to remain home, they have turned to social media to maintain their relationships and to access entertainment to pass the time. Moreover, social distancing has forced lifestyle changes for many people, which can put a strain on mental health. Therefore, many online counselling services that use social media have surfaced and begun to rise in popularity, connecting mental health workers with those who need them.

In the face of COVID-19, social media is a great way for individuals and communities to stay connected even while physically separated.

With the advent of social media in the 21st century, not only are we learning the latest news updates, but we’re also using platforms like Facebook and Twitter to provide personal and business updates. For businesses, this means leveraging social media to support employees and customers like never before. For the government, it means doing its best to efficiently share factual and up-to-date information.

Taking a look at how individuals, businesses, and government agencies have been sharing information and interacting with others on social media in the past few weeks, here are four primary roles that social platforms are playing during the COVID-19 outbreak:

1. A source of information (and misinformation)

Never have we had more realtime information available at our fingertips in the face of a worldwide event. Such information can help keep us safe, providing us with a better understanding of what is occurring and how it might impact us and those we love. Yet, social media can also spread falsehoods, including miracle preventative measures, false claims about the implementation of martial law, conspiracy theories, and more.

Finding trusted sources of information regarding COVID-19 is extremely important.

2. An influence on public response to the outbreak

Billionsof people are free to publicly share their opinions on COVID-19 across various social platforms. In the past few weeks, we’ve seen individuals, organizations, and businesses use social media to spread awareness of COVID-19, as well as the public actions that can be taken.

Here are a few of the most distinct ways social media has influenced the public since the virus reached epidemic and pandemic levels

3. A marketing platform

The COVID-19 outbreak presents a defining moment for many brands in how they choose to market their product.

Unfortunately, we’re going to see people who are selling snake oil-type products (think essential oils claiming to provide immunity). Some businesses will prey on mass hysteria, especially businesses putting extra dollars behind social media ads, selling products like hand sanitizer and facemasks (despite frequent claims from health organizations that facemasks are not effective if you don’t have the disease).

Popular hashtags popping up related to social distancing and quarantining include #socialdistancing, #quarantineandchill, and #mypandemicsurvivalplan.

4. A powerful way to bring positivity to a scary time

No platform is perfect. But where there has been misinformation and fear on social media, there’s also been an abundance of vital, lifesaving information, connection with others, and global unity. The ability to share experiences with family and friends helps to combat both literal and emotional isolation while also reminding us that we’re all in this together.

Here are a few of the ways that social media has made positive impacts during COVID-19:

2)

First of all I will explain you how to run multiple linear regression using excel.

step 1. Paste all the data in table format in excel.

Step- 2 . Select data analysis and click on regression. as shown in the image below and circled in red

The ouput of the excel is as shown

1). Coefficient of calorie variable is -0.0004

2). Adjusted R square is 0.2531

3)value of intercept is 0.2671

4). Equation is

cost= 0.2671 -0.0004*calorie - 0.0018*Fiber - 0.0018*Sugar

putting the values for calorie 130gm, fiber 10 gm and sugar 0 grm we get cost as

cost= 0.2671 -0.0004*131 -0.0018*10 -0.0018*0

=0.1971

please see the attached file.

3)

Answer-1

A budget deficit occurs when an individual,business or government budgets more spending than there is revanue available to pay for the spending, over a specific period of time. Debt is the aggregate value of deficits accumulated over time

A budget surplus is a period when income or receipts exceed outlays or expenditures.A budget surplus often refers to the financial states of governments;individuals prefer to use the term 'savings' instead of the term 'budjet surplus' .A surplus is an indication that the governent is being effectively managed

Answer-2

The Governments can counter budget deficits by promoting econmic growth through fiscal policies such as reducing government spending and increasing taxes.For example one stratagy is to reduce regulations and lower corporate taxes to improve business confidence and increase Treasury inflowes from taxes .A nation can print additional currency to cover payments on debts issuing securities ,such as treasury bills and bonds .While this provides a mechanism to make paymets ,it does carry the risk of devaluing the nations currencys ,which can lead to hyper inflation