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1

Accounting

1.What is the difference between Salary Expense and Pension Expension?

2.Operating Leverage

Beck Inc. and Bryant Inc. have the following operating data:

  Beck Inc. Bryant Inc.
Sales $315,300   $1,027,000  
Variable costs 126,500   616,200
Contribution margin $188,800   $410,800  
Fixed costs 129,800   252,800
Income from operations $59,000   $158,000  

a. Compute the operating leverage for Beck Inc. and Bryant Inc. If required, round to one decimal place.

Beck Inc.  
Bryant Inc.  

b. How much would income from operations increase for each company if the sales of each increased by 10%? If required, round answers to nearest whole number.

  Dollars Percentage
Beck Inc. $   %
Bryant Inc. $   %

3. The term differential cost refers to:

       
A- The benefit forgone by selecting one alternative instead of another.
B- A cost which does not involve any dollar outlay but which is relevant to the decision making process.
C- A cost which continues to be incurred even though there is no activity.   
D-difference in cost which results from selecting one alternative instead of another

4.

Create a table on a spreadsheet with columns labelled “Count”, “Date”, “Interest this Period”, and “Total”. As depicted below.



You will begin with the count at 0, and the date of Sept 30, 2016. For that first row, the “Interest this period” is zero, and the total is $39,000 CAD. Above the columns, put the label “rate”, and in the cell below that, enter your periodically compounding rate of 20%. Put the label “Timestep in years” and in the cell below that, enter =1/4.

For each subsequent row of the table, use formulas to set the count equal to one more than the previous count, and set the date equal to the previous date plus 365*[the value in the timestep cell]. The “Interest this Period” is the “Total” from the previous “Date”, times the “rate” cell, times the “timestep” cell. The “Total” for each row is the “Total” from the previous row plus the “Interest this period”. Make sure that you use dollar signs for absolute addresses where appropriate in order to be able to copy these formulas to later rows. Copy that new row, and paste it into the rows below it so that the count goes to at least 100.

You can validate your spreadsheet by checking that the total comes out right if the interest rate and initial total from a previous question is used with a timestep of 1. Don’t forget to restore the timestep and rate to the values for this problem when done.
(a) What is the date that Excel shows for the row whose count is 100? (Copy and paste the content of that cell into the answer box below.)
(b) What is the interest earned for the period with count 72?

 

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1.Both Salary and Pension expense are paid to employee but they differ a lot in their concept and nature.

Salary Expense -

Salaries expense is the fixed pay earned by employees. The expense represents the cost of non-hourly labor for a business. A salary is a fixed amount paid to an employee over a predetermined period of time; it is not based on the number of hours worked or number of units produced, and so should not change from period to period, unless a pay raise or reduction is implemented.

Pension Expense -

Pension expense is the amount that a business charges to expense in relation to its liabilities for pensions payable to employees. The amount of this expense varies, depending upon whether the underlying pension is a defined benefit plan or a defined contribution plan. The characteristics of these plan types are as follows:

  • Defined benefit plan. Under this plan, the employer provides a predetermined periodic payment to employees after they retire. The amount of this future payment depends upon a number of future events, such as estimates of employee lifespan, how long current employees will continue to work for the company, and the pay level of employees just prior to their retirement..

  • Defined contribution plan. Under this plan, the employer’s entire obligation is complete once it has made a contribution payment into the plan, as long as no associated costs are being deferred for recognition in later periods. Thus, the employer commits to pay a specific amount of funds into a plan, but does not commit to the amount of benefits subsequently distributed by that plan.

2.

a)

  Beck Inc Bryant Inc
Sales $            315,300.00 $                                1,027,000.00
Variable cost $            126,500.00 $                                   616,200.00
Contribution margin $            188,800.00 $                                   410,800.00
Fixed Costs $            129,800.00 $                                   252,800.00
Net Income $              59,000.00 $                                   158,000.00
Degree of Operating Leverage 3.2 2.6

Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin / Net Income

b)

Degree of operating leverage = % change in EBIT / % changes in sales

If Degree of operating leverage is 3.2 and change in sales is 10% then change in net income will be (10% x 3.2)= 32% in case of Beck inc and (2.6 x 10%) = 26% in case of Bryant inc.

  Dollars Percentage
Beck Inc $              77,880.00 32%
Bryant inc $            199,080.00 26%

 

3.ANSWER TO THE PROBLEM IS - Differense in cost which results from selecting one alternative instead of another ( Option D)

4.

Hi

Pls read below for understanding the snips :

Snip 1: Solved as per the question and the comments to the respective cells have been taken from the question for your understanding as to why it has been done like that.

Snip 2: I copied and pasted the answer from the excel sheet I worked on so that you can simply copy and paste the same to your excel.

Snip 3: This is the snip that shows the formulas that have been used in excel. This is for your understanding.

Part (a) What is the date that Excel shows for the row whose count is 100? (Copy and paste the content of that cell into the answer box below.

Count Date Interest this period Total (CAD $)
100 24-Sep-41                244,217       5,128,549

See snip 2 for detailed calculations

Part (b) What is the interest earned for the period with count 72?

Count Date Interest this period Total (CAD $)
72 26-Sep-34                  62,298       1,308,260

See snip 2 for detailed calculations

Snip 1: Solved as per the question and the comments to the respective cells have been taken from the question for your understanding as to why it has been done like that.

Snip 2: I copied and pasted the answer from the excel sheet I worked on so that you can simply copy and paste the same to your excel.

Rate Timestep in years    
20% 0.25 (entered as =1/4)  
       
Count Date Interest this period Total (CAD $)

0

30-Sep-16

                        -  

           39,000

1

30-Dec-16

1,950

           40,950

2

31-Mar-17

                  2,048

           42,998

3

30-Jun-17

                  2,150

           45,147

4

30-Sep-17

                  2,257

           47,405

5

30-Dec-17

                  2,370

           49,775

6

31-Mar-18

                  2,489

           52,264

7

30-Jun-18

                  2,613

           54,877

8

30-Sep-18

                  2,744

           57,621

9

30-Dec-18

                  2,881

           60,502

10

31-Mar-19

                  3,025

           63,527

11

30-Jun-19

                  3,176

           66,703

12

30-Sep-19

                  3,335

           70,038

13

30-Dec-19

                  3,502

           73,540

14

30-Mar-20

                  3,677

           77,217

15

29-Jun-20

                  3,861

           81,078

16

29-Sep-20

                  4,054

           85,132

17

29-Dec-20

                  4,257

           89,389

18

30-Mar-21

                  4,469

           93,858

19

29-Jun-21

                  4,693

           98,551

20

29-Sep-21

                  4,928

         103,479

21

29-Dec-21

                  5,174

         108,653

22

30-Mar-22

                  5,433

         114,085

23

29-Jun-22

                  5,704

         119,789

24

29-Sep-22

                  5,989

         125,779

25

29-Dec-22

                  6,289

         132,068

26

30-Mar-23

                  6,603

         138,671

27

29-Jun-23

                  6,934

         145,605

28

29-Sep-23

                  7,280

         152,885

29

29-Dec-23

                  7,644

         160,529

30

29-Mar-24

                  8,026

         168,556

31

28-Jun-24

                  8,428

         176,984

32

28-Sep-24

                  8,849

         185,833

33

28-Dec-24

                  9,292

         195,124

34

29-Mar-25

                  9,756

         204,881

35

28-Jun-25

                 10,244

         215,125

36

28-Sep-25

                 10,756

         225,881

37

28-Dec-25

                 11,294

         237,175

38

29-Mar-26

                 11,859

         249,034

39

28-Jun-26

                 12,452

         261,485

40

28-Sep-26

                 13,074

         274,560

41

28-Dec-26

                 13,728

         288,288

42

29-Mar-27

                 14,414

         302,702

43

28-Jun-27

                 15,135

         317,837

44

28-Sep-27

                 15,892

         333,729

45

28-Dec-27

                 16,686

         350,415

46

28-Mar-28

                 17,521

         367,936

47

27-Jun-28

                 18,397

         386,333

48

27-Sep-28

                 19,317

         405,650

49

27-Dec-28

                 20,282

         425,932

50

28-Mar-29

                 21,297

         447,229

51

27-Jun-29

                 22,361

         469,590

52

27-Sep-29

                 23,480

         493,070

53

27-Dec-29

                 24,653

         517,723

54

28-Mar-30

                 25,886

         543,609

55

27-Jun-30

                 27,180

         570,790

56

27-Sep-30

                 28,539

         599,329

57

27-Dec-30

                 29,966

         629,296

58

28-Mar-31

                 31,465

         660,760

59

27-Jun-31

                 33,038

         693,798

60

27-Sep-31

                 34,690

         728,488

61

27-Dec-31

                 36,424

         764,913

62

27-Mar-32

                 38,246

         803,158

63

26-Jun-32

                 40,158

         843,316

64

26-Sep-32

                 42,166

         885,482

65

26-Dec-32

                 44,274

         929,756

66

27-Mar-33

                 46,488

         976,244

67

26-Jun-33

                 48,812

      1,025,056

68

26-Sep-33

                 51,253

      1,076,309

69

26-Dec-33

                 53,815

      1,130,124

70

27-Mar-34

                 56,506

      1,186,631

71

26-Jun-34

                 59,332

      1,245,962

72

26-Sep-34

                 62,298

      1,308,260

73

26-Dec-34

                 65,413

      1,373,673

74

27-Mar-35

                 68,684

      1,442,357

75

26-Jun-35

                 72,118

      1,514,475

76

26-Sep-35

                 75,724

      1,590,198

77

26-Dec-35

                 79,510

      1,669,708

78

26-Mar-36

                 83,485

      1,753,194

79

25-Jun-36

                 87,660

      1,840,854

80

25-Sep-36

                 92,043

      1,932,896

81

25-Dec-36

                 96,645

      2,029,541

82

26-Mar-37

               101,477

      2,131,018

83

25-Jun-37

               106,551

      2,237,569

84

25-Sep-37

               111,878

      2,349,447

85

25-Dec-37

               117,472

      2,466,920

86

26-Mar-38

               123,346

      2,590,266

87

25-Jun-38

               129,513

      2,719,779

88

25-Sep-38

               135,989

      2,855,768

89

25-Dec-38

               142,788

      2,998,556

90

26-Mar-39

               149,928

      3,148,484

91

25-Jun-39

               157,424

      3,305,908

92

25-Sep-39

               165,295

      3,471,204

93

25-Dec-39

               173,560

      3,644,764

94

25-Mar-40

               182,238

      3,827,002

95

24-Jun-40

               191,350

      4,018,352

96

24-Sep-40

               200,918

      4,219,270

97

24-Dec-40

               210,964

      4,430,234

98

25-Mar-41

               221,512

      4,651,745

99

24-Jun-41

               232,587

      4,884,332

100

24-Sep-41

               244,217

      5,128,549

Snip 3: This is the snip that shows the formulas that have been used in excel. This is for your understanding.

please see the attached file.

5.

Download Attached File

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