1. Assuming these age-structure diagrams describe human populations, which population is likely to experience zero population growth (ZPG)?

III

2. Most ecologists believe that the average global carrying capacity for the human population is between

10 and 15 billion

3. An ecological footprint is a construct that is useful for/in

for a person living in a developed nation to consider to make better choices when using global food and energy resources

4. What is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the graphs above?

Developed countries have lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries

5. A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many placs. Male cats congregate near the urine deposits and fight with each other. Which of the following is a PROXIMATE cause of this behavior of increased urination?

It is a result of hormonal changes associated with her reproductive cycle

6. A female cat in heat urinates more often and in many placs. Male cats congregate near the urine deposits and fight with each other. Which of the following would be an ULTIMATE cause of the male cats' response to the female's urinating behavior?

Male cats respond to the odor because it is a means of locating females in heat.

7. Which of the following is a behavioral pattern that results from a PROXIMATE cause?

A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day

8. Which of the following is a behavioral pattern resulting from an ULTIMATE cause?

A male robin attacks a red tennis ball because it confuses it with an encroaching male who will steal his territory

9. The proximate causes of behavior are interaactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by

evolution

10. Which of the following groups of scientists is closely associated with ethology?

von Frisch, Lorenz, and Tinbergen