What is shaping? What is a reinforcer? What is positive reinforcement? What is negative reinforcement? what are primary reinforcers (give example) What are conditioned reinforcers (give example) What is punishment? what makes punishment effective? what are 4 drawbacks to physically punishing a child? Example of operant conditioning in school

1. What is shaping?

a conditioning procedure that guides behaviors closer and closer to desired behavior

2. What is a reinforcer?

an event that strengthens the behavior it follows

3. What is positive reinforcement?

presents a pleasurable stimulus( getting a hug)

4. What is negative reinforcement?

strengthens by removing something undesirable (fastening seat belt to stop beeping in car)

5. what are primary reinforcers (give example)

natural reinforcers that satisfy biological need (food)

6. What are conditioned reinforcers (give example)

gains power through association with primary enforcer (sticker on test, will do well in order to receive sticker)

7. What is punishment?

punishment is a negative consequence of a behavior?

8. what makes punishment effective?

punishment helps allow for quick learning through association

9. what are 4 drawbacks to physically punishing a child?

-supressed and not forgotten
-teaches discrimination
-teaches fear
-may increase aggression

10. Example of operant conditioning in school

-teaching material at a rate unique to the students pace, and the students will learn well