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Homework answers / question archive / The problems in the file submitted are from an undergraduate course in real Analysis
The problems in the file submitted are from an undergraduate course in real Analysis. If you are able to work the problems, please detail any theorems or lemmas used in your solutions. The book we are using is titled "The Elements of Real Analysis" by Robert G. Bartle. We are working on derivatives and integrals, but have not started infinite series.
In the problem attached below, there are 3 integrals. Please note that there are two questions to be answered. 1)To discuss the convergence or divergence of each integral and 2)To discuss whether or not the integrals are absolutely convergent. The problem also asks to give reasons to each answer.
Please see the attached file.
First, the p-integral test:
The integral is convergent if and only if p>1
Then, the comparison test:
If f(x) and g(x) are functions defined on [a,b] such that for any then we have:
If is convergent, so is
If is divergent, so is
For the first integral we note that at infinity the integrand approaches an asymptotic behavior of 1/x:
Thus we can approximate:
This is a p-integral with p=1, and this integral diverges.
Therefore diverges as well.
We start with a simple substitution:
We can invert the limits and the sign:
The only problematic point here is u=0, however employing L'hopital rule we see that the integrand has a well defined value at u=0
Thus, the integrand is well defined over the entire finite interval; hence this integral has a finite value.
Therefore, the integral converges absolutely.
The integral is known as the Fresnel cosine integral.
Integrating by parts we have:
The term is finite:
As for the integral we can show that it converges absolutely using the comparison and p-integral tests together:
Hence:
But is a p-integral with p>1, therefore the integral converges, and as a direct consequence so is the integral
Thus the integral converges absolutely, and therefore
Converges absolutely.