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There is controversy in contemporary research regarding whether or not parenting styles and practices vary as a function of culture and whether parenting styles and practices have the same or different outcomes on children and adolescents in different cultures or in different ethnic groups in the United States

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There is controversy in contemporary research regarding whether or not parenting styles and practices vary as a function of culture and whether parenting styles and practices have the same or different outcomes on children and adolescents in different cultures or in different ethnic groups in the United States. Directions You are to select 2 empirical articles where the authors argue for and find that parenting styles and practices are universal and have the same effect on children and adolescents in different cultures. You are to select 2 articles where the authors argue against universality of parenting styles and find that parenting styles and practices are different in different cultures and have different effects for children and adolescents. Lastly, you will select one article in which socio- economic differences in parenting styles or practices and child outcomes are examined. Description of Parenting Styles * Gives a thorough overview of the parenting styles. Defines dimensions of the parenting styles. * Clearly identifies characteristics of the styles of parenting and compares and contrasts developmental outcomes of parenting styles. Role of (Cultural/ Parental) Context Discusses how the main context (and variations in that context) affects the development of children or adolescents. * Thoughtfully integrates two other contexts (e.g., Culture and SES) with the main class context. Provides examples of how different contexts interact. * Describe parenting styles and how they are operationally defined in each article. * What is the evidence (i.e., results of the two empirical studies) for universality of parenting and associated developmental outcomes? Research Content Thoughtful use of primary source material. Has required number of references. Discusses relevance of articles in the text of the paper. * A total of five empirical studies must be integrated into your analysis. * Describe the sample and methodology when you write about each article. * What are the arguments, propositions, and hypotheses for universality of parenting styles/practices and associated developmental outcomes in different cultures or among different ethnic groups in the U.S.? * What is the evidence (i.e., results of the two empirical studies) against the universality of parenting and associated developmental outcomes? * How does socioeconomic status affect variations in parenting styles or practices and child outcomes? Describe these variations using research evidence. Critical Thinking and Integration Effectively integrates and synthesizes research with coherent ideas. Arguments and discussion are backed up with logic and research evidence. Opinions and ideas are internally consistent, substantiated, and evaluated. * Which side of the debate is credible and why? (e.g., they use better methods) Be sure to think carefully and logically. Do not give your opinion. Give arguments that are logical or internally consistent and backed by evidence. * Compare and contrast variations in parenting styles/practices and child outcomes attributed to culture and to socioeconomic status. In what ways are cultural effects distinct from or similar to socioeconomic effects? Use of APA Format, Paper Format, and Writing Quality Paper Outline Parenting Styles & Outcomes * Define the 4 parenting styles. Provide a few key characteristics that describe the 4 parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful. * Next, compare and contrast the outcomes of each of the 4 parenting styles to one another. * Make sure to cite any of your articles that support your discussion above. Argument: For Universality * Discuss the 2 articles “for universality.” Summarize main findings as they relate to your argument for universality. * Why is this the best parenting style? * How does it support the argument “for universality”? Did the researchers looked at cross-cultural studies, or different cultures and come to the same conclusion about outcomes? Argument: Against Universality * Discuss the 2 articles “against universality.” Make sure you discuss how the other parenting styles (not the one you supported for your argument “for universality”) also lead to positive outcomes? * Discuss specific parenting styles from the article and connect it back to outcomes. * Also, discuss how culture plays a role: discuss cultural values, beliefs, etc. Socio-Economic Discussion * Discuss the SES article. Make sure you discuss of SES characteristics (education, financial status, time, patience, resources, support) play a role in what parenting style is used. * Discuss specific parenting style and outcomes here. Conclusion * Summarize all main findings. Discuss your main insights related to argument for and against universality, and the SES discussion. * Provide which side of the debate you think is more credible and why. Support all the points here with the research articles you have discussed.