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Describe the provisions of the Data Protection Act

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Describe the provisions of the Data Protection Act.(Random)

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7 (TURN OVER) CST.2014.4.8 7 Economics, Law and Ethics (a) [8 marks] (b) You are designing and are about to launch a mobile phone app which will seek to understand the emotional condition of the user, using multiple inputs such as motion sensing, facial expression recognition, voice stress measurement and the analysis of entered text. Its declared purpose is to enable services to interact more empathically with users. You propose to monetize it by serving ads at times when the user is more likely to buy. Your "backers" have raised a concern that this app will be able to diagnose depression, and that in consequence you may be storing substantial amounts of sensitive personal information. Demonstrate the effect of concurrency control based on strict two-phase locking in relation to the discussion in (a). [8 marks] (c) Comment on the scope of concurrency control in relation to the discussion in (a). [5 marks] [Hint: you may assume that operat
Consider an operating system that uses hardware support for paging to provide virtual memory to applications. (a)bc (i) Explain how the hardware and operating system support for paging combine to prevent one process from accessing another's memory. [3 marks] (ii) Explain how space and time overheads arise from use of paging, and how the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) mitigates the time overheads. [3 marks] (ii) The role of the C preprocessor in the source-code compilation cycle, and why it is a useful tool for debugging. [4 marks] (iii) Templated functions in C++, giving one benefit and one drawback of using them compared with using a void* function in C.

10 Operating Systems

(a) Describe the difference between blocking and nonblocking input/output operations. How can an operating system improve the performance (as seen by a
process) of blocking operations? [4 marks]

(b) A privileged process is given raw access to a slow disk device. It reads a page from
the disk (using a blocking operation), processes the information and repeats. (b)The number of outputs is arbitrary. We have a sequence s of m labelled training examples s = ((x1, l1),(x2, l2), . . . ,(xm, lm)) where the li denote vectors of desired outputs. Let E(w; (xi , li)) denote some measure of the error that N makes when applied to the ith labelled training example. Assuming that each node in the network computes a weighted summation of its inputs, followed by an activation function, such that the node j in the network computes a function g w (j) 0 + X k i=1 w (j) i input(i) ! of its k inputs, where g is some activation function, derive in full the backpropagation algorithm for calculating the gradient ∂E ∂w = ∂E ∂w1 ∂E ∂w2 · · · ∂E ∂wW T for the ith labelled example, where w1, . . . , wW denotes the complete collection of W weights in the network. [20 marks]   You approach an enormous number of
messages

(i) What scheduling problem could arise here? [2 marks] (ii) How could this problem be overcome? [2 marks] (d) The designer also wishes the real-time system to use demand paged virtual memory for efficiency. What problems could arise here, and how could they be overcome? [6 marks] 6 Numerical Analysis I (a) For Single Precision in the IEEE binary floating-point standard (IEEE 754) the precision is defined as 24, and the exponent requires 8 bits of storage. With reference to IEEE Single Precision, explain the terms exponent, significand, precision, sign bit, normalised number, denormal number. [6 marks] For example, the array of Publications can be searched for a match to a specific title, and the matches found in the array can be inserted into the PublicationSelector. Then the PublicationSelector can be run to display the search results and ask the user to select one of them.

The logic below (in pubSel_Tester.cpp) is searching all the publications in "LibRecs.txt", displaying the matches to "Harry" and "MoneySense" and letting the user select one.

Part 2: In the visualization, are there any clusters? What causes the clusters? Please use visualization to confirm your answer.

Note:

[4 marks] (f ) Consider different versions of an optimising compiler, each of which uses IEEE standard representation for all variables. Give two reasons why they might compile a floating-point program into code that, when run, produces differing results. [2 marks] 6 CST.2016.1.7 6 Numerical Methods A picnicker brings hot black coffee and cold milk in two identical insulated flasks and then mixes them for his drink. His friend claims that the drink would have ended up the same temperature if he had mixed the two at home and brought one flask. Note: The temperature of an object is the heat energy within it divided by its heat capacity. The rate of heat energy flow from a hotter to a cooler object is their temperature difference divided by their insulation resistance. (b) ALGOL 60 provided call by value and call by name, Pascal provided call by value and call by reference, and ALGOL-W provided a variety of calling methods including call by result and call by value-result. Briefly describe the calling mechanisms just mentioned and discuss why most modern programming languages provide only call by value. [8 marks] (c) Discuss the reasons why languages such as Fortran, Algol and PL/I designed in 1950s and 1960s are less widely used than languages designed in the last 20 years. [6 marks] 3 [TURN OVER CST.2004.3.4 5 Operating Systems II (a) What problem do real-time scheduling algorithms try to solve? [2 marks]