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Homework answers / question archive / Biology 313 Spring 2017 DUE: APRIL 16 10 points NAME: Genetics Exercise You will simulate mating in a population and calculate allele frequencies for one trait over several generations
Biology 313 Spring 2017 DUE: APRIL 16 10 points NAME: Genetics Exercise You will simulate mating in a population and calculate allele frequencies for one trait over several generations. Assume the trait is expressed by one gene with two alleles. Use heads to indicate “A” allele and tails to indicate “a” allele. Think of “A” as the allele for a moth to detect a certain scent in a flower (or some other trait). Think of “a” as the allele for a moth unable to detect the same scent in a flower. PART 1: 1) Establish a population To establish a “population” you will toss a coin to represent 20 individuals. This represents random mating. How many times do you need to toss the coin? __________ (Remember each gene has two alleles, and each individual has one gene from each parent.) For each individual, record and turn in the combination of alleles (you may use a separate piece of paper.) 2) Calculate genotypes. What is the total number and frequency of each genotype in the population? GENOTYPE Number in Population Frequency in Population 3) Calculate allele frequencies What is the total number of Alleles in this population? __________ How many dominant alleles (A) are in this population? __________ What is the frequency of “A” in this population? _______________ How many recessive alleles (a) are in this population? __________ What is the frequency of “a” in this population? ________________ PART 2: Repeat steps 1 – 3 above for another 20 individuals. Show the genotypes for the 20 individuals, and answer the above questions for this population. Do the frequencies between the two populations differ? How? This shows the element of randomness in alleles in different populations. PART 3: Random mating and outcomes a. From the first population, select the 3rd and 12th genotypes as parents. What are the potential genotypes of the offspring? b. From the second population, select the 3rd and 12th genotypes as parents. What are the potential genotypes of the offspring? c. From the Punnett squares that you used to calculate the offspring genotypes, select the upper right hand genotype from a. and b. What are the frequencies of the possible genotypes of the offspring from this mating? What are the allele frequencies? d. Assume the recessive gene is deleterious to the survival of the offspring. What is the likelihood of the offspring in c. surviving? How has the frequency of the recessive gene changed from a. through c. above?
