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What Do We Believe?" Watch the rest of the film shown in class at the link below

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What Do We Believe?" Watch the rest of the film shown in class at the link below. Open the following link to the class recording and forward to 9:00 to begin the film. What was the most interesting thing in your opinion that Carina & Julius said about their faith? (Answer in 2-3 sentences for each person.) https://edgewoodhs-org.zoom.us/rec/share/pA88Tf18XeSGBsNf9X3aoFJlOdWzenaE_3qGQa7wMXashKz_AEKf5u_4e19FoIX.ZpmjygnjbrN95mVw Passcode: HV6?98&S PSL WR hinduism beginning (PPT Answer Sheet - PSL WR hinduism beginning) Listening to the mantra of "OM" (PPT PSL WR OM & Hinduism Answer Sheet) Hinduism: Karma, Reincarnation, Nirvana (PPT PSL WR hinduism finish-up notes & questions) Directions: If you were absent from class when we went over Hindu concepts such as Karma, Reincarnation, and Nirvana, read all of the slides at the link below and email Mr. Baltus a summary of two beliefs or concepts you found most interesting, in a paragraph for each. Buddhism Introduction (PPT PSL WR Buddhism 1_ beginning) Directions: If you were absent from class when we began discussion of Buddhism, read all of the slides at the link below and follow the directions on Slide #1. The Four Noble Truths (PPT PSL WR Buddhism 2_ finishing) Directions: If you were absent from class when we began discussion of The Four Noble Truths, read all of the slides at the link below and follow the directions on Slide #1. 1 PSL WR hinduism beginning B.C. A.D. Question: What do B.C. and A.D. stand for? B.C.E C.E. On the blank timeline above, the first half is also designated as B.C.E. and the second half is designated C.E. Question: What do B.C.E. and C.E. stand for? Question: The religion of Hinduism is which one of the following?: a. Monotheistic b. Polytheistic c. Atheistic d. Deistic Hinduism is polytheistic though Hindus believe in the one ultimate divine reality of the universe which they call Brahman and from which all deities are made manifest. Brahman – the transpersonal ultimate divine reality (or the Absolute, or the Godhead), primal source of the universe and ultimate goal of all beings. The symbol for Hinduism is The symbol above is for the sound “Om.” Om is not a word but rather an intonation, which, like music, transcends the barriers of age, race, culture and even species. It is made up of three Sanskrit letters, aa, au and ma which, when combined together, make the sound Aum or Om. This symbol (as seen in the image above) is a sacred syllable representing Brahman. B.C.E C.E. Question: What approximate year on the timeline did Hinduism begin? Question: Where in the world (what continent or more specifically what country) did Hinduism begin? 2 PSL WR OM & hinduism Review the information on the following slides. Circa is Latin for “around” or “approximately.” Hinduism began c. 2300-1500 B.C.E. C. 2300-1500 B.C.E. C.E. Hinduism started in India. India Last time we referred to Hinduism as polytheistic. Others regard the terms henothestic or panentheistic to be more accurate descriptions of Hinduism. Henotheism is the worship of one God without denying the existence of other Gods. Panentheism considers God and the world to be interrelated with the world being in God and God being in the world. Symbolizes Brahman which for Hindus is the name for the ultimate divine reality (or the Absolute, or the Godhead) primal source of the universe and ultimate goal of all beings. Hindus meditate to a chant or mantra (a word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation) that sounds like OM as they reflect on Brahman and to be mindful of the divine in and around themselves. 3 PSL WR hinduism finish-up notes & questions For Hindus, Karma, Reincarnation, and Nirvana are all tied to their understanding of life and their goal to be one with Brahman, the ultimate divine reality of all that exists. Earliest Sacred Scriptures of Hinduism The Vedas are written in the world’s oldest language: Sanskrit Hindus believe there are thousands and thousands of deities that are manifestations of Brahman in the world. Following are several major and widely revered Hindu deities. Brahma (creator God) *Similar sounding words in Hinduism but with different meanings: 1) Brahman - ultimate divine reality of the universe 2) Brahma - the creator God 2) Brahmin - a Hindu priest Vishnu (God of preservation) Krishna - Worshiped as the eighth *avatar of Vishnu and also as the supreme God in his own right. Krishna is the God of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love. *avatar means “descent” in Sanskrit and is the material appearance or incarnation of a deity on earth. Another scripture of Hinduism is called the Bhagavad-Gita (“Song of the Lord”) - also called the “Gita” A beloved Scripture of Hinduism and a great work of Indian literature. It is about a great warrior, Arjuna, having a conversation with the God, Krishna, about the ultimate meaning of life. Shiva (destroyer of evil) Ganesha (Remover of Obstacles) Hindus believe that all paths in life, religious or otherwise, can lead to union with Brahman which means liberation from suffering and an end to reincarnation. Reincarnation - the concept where after the death of the body the soul or spirit is believed to return to live in a new human body either as a human being, animal or plant, as determined by Karma in a person’s life. Karma - a Sanskrit word meaning “action.” Karma is a core concept in both Hinduism & Buddhism. With Karma, like cause produces like outcome, meaning a good action (good karma) will lead to a future good outcome for a person, and a bad action (bad karma) will lead to a future bad outcome for a person. A person’s future reincarnation will be determined by their Karma during life. A good life leads to reincarnation into a good or better life, and a bad life leads to reincarnation into a bad or worse life. The ultimate goal for Hindus is to break free of reincarnation once and for all and attain Nirvana which is the state of being blissfully one with Brahman and free of bodily existence and the suffering of life. Hindu ways of liberating one’s self from reincarnation to attain Nirvana: 1. Devotion to a deity (Krishna, Vishnu, etc.) 1. Through work or action, to do what is called for by one’s position in life as a student or adult, without allowing oneself to become attached to the results of the action: a “what’s in it for me?” mentality. 1. Study and contemplation, the physical discipline of yoga, and/or the practice of meditation (mantras such as “OM”.) 4 PSL WR Buddhism 1_ beginning Directions: Read the information about Buddhism on the following slides and when finished email Mr. Baltus a brief summary of the slides’ major points. Today, we are going to talk about Buddhism which shares similar concepts as Hinduism, such as Karma, Reincarnation, & Nirvana. When and where does Buddhism come in? Did Buddhism begin before or after Hinduism? Buddhism began c. 500 B.C.E. 2300-1500 B.C.E C. 500 B.C.E Buddhism Hinduism 1 C.E. Christianity Buddhism began in India. Buddha was born (c. 563 B.C.E.) in a place called Lumbini near the Himalayan foothills, and he began teaching around Benares (at Sarnath) Buddhism – a human-centered religion, not godcentered Buddhism – from the Sanskrit word “budhi” meaning “to wake up” Buddha means “the awakened (or enlightened) one” Buddha Buddha was born as the Hindu Prince Siddhartha Gautama and later called “the Buddha” by his followers Pali Canon – writings that record the teachings of the Buddha Pali Canon (teachings of Buddha) 5 PSL WR Buddhism 2_ finishing Directions: Read all of the following slides and email Mr. Baltus a short paragraph summarizing the Four Noble Truths as well as your answer to the blue question on the last slide. Buddha Buddha was born as the Hindu Prince Siddhartha Gautama and later called “the Buddha” by his followers His father, the King, attempted to shelter Siddhartha from all suffering. But Siddhartha discovered suffering despite his father attempting to shield it from him. Siddhartha set out on a path to find an answer to end suffering after witnessing four human experiences (the “Four Sights.”) 1. 2. 3. 4. The Four Sights Seeing an old man Seeing a very sick person Seeing a corpse Seeing a wandering holy man without possessions called an ascetic. Buddha discovered the Four Noble Truths 1. All life is marked by suffering 2. We can know the causes of our suffering 3. We can end oursuffering 4. To end suffering, one can follow the Noble Eightfold Path. Noble Eightfold Path 1. Right Understanding 2. Right Motivation 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Occupation 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Meditation Wisdom Morality Meditation The Ultimate Goal of the Eightfold Path is Nirvana Nirvana – an end to the cycle of death and rebirth, meaning “to extinguish,” referring to the extinction of suffering, impermanence, and delusion. The Middle Way consists of following the Four Noble Truths by choosing between extremes. (Small example: If you desire ice cream, one extreme is eating no ice cream and suffering. The other extreme is eating too much ice cream and suffering. Better is the middle way: eat just enough ice cream and lessen the suffering. Think of how you can apply the Middle Way teaching to all of your decisions and actions, big and small. Question: When it comes to studying for a test, what might be a middle way approach between extremes that would lessen your suffering?