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The first attachment is Theory, the Second attachment is Ethics, the Third attachment is Application, Fourth attachment is Scholarship

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The first attachment is Theory, the Second attachment is Ethics, the Third attachment is Application, Fourth attachment is Scholarship.

And the last attachment is the requirement, and a very brief example essay of this assignment.

Please, please, please, make sure to read them carefully, and write an essay on the communication major.

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Purpose of Assignment

This essay enables you to explain why you chose the Communication Studies major, what you thought a major in Communication Studies would emphasize/mean when you first declared it, how you explain the major now that you are completing it, and how you will use some of the capacities you have developed in specific future endeavors. Your essay will become the description content for your My Communication Studies Major ePortfolio entry.

Requirments

Follow these carefully to receive full credit.

Write a 3 to 5-page essay (typed, double-spaced, 1-inch margins, 12-pt font):

The essay should adhere to the following content guidelines.

1. Why you chose to declare a Communication Studies major;

2. What you thought the Communication Studies major would emphasize or be about when you first declared it;

3. How your understanding of the Communication Studies major changed as you engaged theory, scholarship, ethics, and application through the major;

4. Specific ways you will be able to apply what you learned in the Communication Studies major to your future endeavors.

Jason Xu COMM 670 Dr. Alaoui 02/17/2021 Standpoint Theory in Communication Studies The ability to articulate and use theory is central to the communication studies major at San Francisco State University. A theory is a combination of ideas and phrases that show how one thing relates to another in a manner that we can predict the occurrence of a certain event. Theories are a systematic way of understanding a certain experience and how it functions in the real world. Anytime one is communicating they are incorporating a certain theory. No matter the context you are in at the moment, communication is a crucial part of people's life. Employing a theory in communication makes it easier to breakdown a point and drive it home. Different theories are applicable in different scenarios, but each carries its unique importance in understanding what is being said. Why use theories in communication? People mainly communicate to drive a point home and create a common understanding. So, theories help people to intelligently understand communication. When dealing with a certain scenario, a certain theory will help you understand it and any other similar or close to that event that may occur in the future(Nagy & Neff, 2015). For example, the theory you use to examine why marriage between two couples of different ethnicities fails will also help you know why It worked out for other persons. There are many theories that communication applies each depending on a certain context. Theories also act as a lens to help understand the real world since, behind any communication that is happening, there 2 is a theory to help break it down and support it. Moreover, theories help in solving harsh social and cultural realities that we may encounter. For example, there is a theory behind communication among two different families of different social and cultural classes. These are among the theories of the main role play, but most importantly it helps understand what is being communicated. In my study of “How Culture Causes Relationships Fail or Succeed”, I have persuasively shown my understanding of using theory to analyze communication. Here, I have applied the standpoint theory to analyze how two couples from different cultures will impact the succeeding or failing of their relationship. Carey (2012) Holds that When two people from different cultures come together, of course, there will be challenges in their communication but how they handle it will make their union work or fail. The paper seeks to show parties that no matter the cultural background, communication is important. Yes, each party has what they believe in and what they want to follow, but they can always work it out through respect and mutual understanding. In standpoint theory, we need to respect the fact that people have different beliefs that they are not willing to let go of even when there is love involved. Looking at it also, people will respond differently when exposed to another culture different from theirs. Following the standpoint theory, they may cause a different culture relationship to fail or succeed. Looking at the example given by Nick and Rachael, it is clear that their different cultures are the main cause of their misunderstandings. First, Nicks' family won't allow Rachael to be married there because she was conceived from an adulterous act. The stand of the family is their culture doesn’t allow that to happen and it can bring conflicts among them. Language is also an issue. Each party has a different language and if they are not willing to learn each others' 3 language then the result is disputed among them. Typically, when each person is exposed to a different culture, they respond differently and this affects their communication. Language is crucial in any relationship. There is a likelihood that people with a complete understanding of the other person's language misunderstand each other more often than those whose languages are different. What stands out here is communication. Even though two people from different social classes speak a different language, but take time to understand each other, proper communication saves them from conflicts (Kim, 2017). If they take time to learn each other languages then at the end of the day they will be standing on the same page. They will be able to listen to each other and solve their conflicts well. For the different beliefs, if partners communicate to each other what to expect from their culture, this avoids culture shock. A partner should also let the other live with what they believe in without criticizing them. At the end of the day, their social classes will be different but they will be having a common standing point. Standpoint theory works behind the concept that how an individual views things depends on their social and political experiences. The theory is multidimensional, meaning it factors in different perspectives other than what one exactly it seeks to express (Fuchs, 2016). For example, while one’s language depicts their culture, this is not enough to define them as person. Also, when people interact as a group to people from a certain race, then their standpoints regarding this group is more comprehensible than when one is alone. All in all, a persons’ standpoint determines the concepts that are intelligible, the assertions that people need to listen to and even the relevant reasons that they should conform to. The theory gives a voice to the another race or ethnicity that is not well represented to challenge the dominant group. 4 When one encounters people of different cultures in their work place, or in our case when one is in a relationship with a person from a different culture, chances of miscommunication are high. Everyone will want to be heard in a place like, when Rachel attended a wedding that was revolving around Nicks’ culture. Same applies to when Nick visits Rachel’s side. Each persons’ experience is different and the main influence is the race-ethnicity they belong. As such their standpoints are affected, but if there is proper communication then their viewpoint regarding different things will be heard well. Consequently, their relationship will succeed. Theories are crucial in human communication as they set the mood to understand what the other person is trying to say. Anytime one is trying to communicate there is a theory they will be using and each is applicable in different scenarios. Without them, then most probably our communication is fruitless. The theory I have applied here is good evidence of proper articulation and analysis of a theory in a communication process. 5 References Corey, G. (2012). Case approach to counseling and psychotherapy. Cengage Learning. Nagy, P., & Neff, G. (2015). Imagined affordance: Reconstructing a keyword for communication theory. Social Media+ Society, 1(2), 2056305115603385. Kim, Y. Y. (2017). Cross-cultural adaptation. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. Jason Xu COMM 670 Dr. Alaoui 3/11/2021 Communication Ethics Communication refers to exchanging of information through talking, writing, or any other medium that enables the passing of information from one individual to the other. When communicating, there are ethics that should be observed hence ensuring that people can communicate effectively. Ethics refers to the set guidelines of communication that are observed when communicating. Communicating entails speaking and writing and thus also it entails listening and reading the written materials. So, it is ethical to speak audibly so that the listener can get the message being communicated clearly and for the listener, it is ethical to be attentive when listening to the speaker. Also, when speaking or writing, it is ethical to use the language that the audience or the readers understands because by using a language that they do not understand, then the information that was being communicated will not be delivered effectively because the recipient of the message does not understand the message used. Without ethics that guide how people communicate, then it will be difficult to communicate effectively and therefore people communicating will rarely understand each other. The NCA Credo of ethical communication argues that ethical communication is important because it promotes responsible thinking, decision making and thus will help in the development of relationships. The promotions are build because ethics of communication requires one to speak the truth and also should ensure that one speaks his or her mind because ethics supports freedom of expression. One is therefore free to express his or her feeling and the listeners should respect because everyone is entitled to freedom of expression. People are encouraged information feelings and opinions but also they should respect the privacy of others. When people are therefore communicating, they should realize that they have freedom but are expected t respect the privacy of others. The NCA Credo of ethical communication requires all to be responsible for their communication and thus people are made t be aware that they are responsible for what they say or write while communicating. Since communication ethics guide how people communicate, people are expected to observe them since they ensure that there is effective communication and also when communication is done as expected, then relationships are built (LaBelle & Waldeck, 2020). Communication ethics are important in all contexts of communication and thus should be observed by the speakers and listeners or the writers and the readers depending on the mode of communication that is used. By observing ethics while communicating, it means that one will be free to share his or her opinions or feeling but also aware that privacy of other should be respected. Also, one should be honest when communicating more so when speaking or communicating via writing because, through honesty, the integrity of communication is protected. Irrespective of the context of communication, the speakers and the listeners should adhere to the ethics of communication since through the adherence then effective communication will be achieved. It is not possible t have effective communication when those who are communicating are not adhering to the communication ethics and by the end of their interaction, they will not have shared any information. This indicates that ethics of communication are important in all contexts of communication since they facilitate effective communication and thus the information can be passed from one person to the other easily (Melser, 2019). The assignment I chose for ethics is the Health Blog assignment from my Health Communication class. My topic was on the Benefits of Effective Communication When Having Anxiety. I had to do a lot of research to get the most accurate information and summarize them on my paper. Because this is an assignment on a health problem, I have had to let my professor check my grammar and the terms I have used in that project before I turned it in. It is ethical to make my project easy for readers who have questions about how effective communication can relieve anxiety, and provide the most accurate information. I also used myself as an example in this project. I chose anxiety as my topic because I was struggling with it. Every time when I had a panic attack and feeling anxious, I always find someone I trust to communicate with. Their words would calm me down. I hoped that the Health Blog I wrote could let readers know anxiety disorder could affect everyone, but it can also be treated and maintained. In conclusion, communication ethics is important because it guides how people communicate thus leading to effective communication. The NCA Credo for communication explains that it is important for all to observe the ethics of communication like being honest when speaking or writing because by doing so, will help in protecting the integrity of communication. Also when communicating people are supposed to understand the ethics of communication and observe them so that they can communicate effectively. The NCA also explains that people are supposed to enjoy the freedom of expression by speaking their minds, opinions, and feeling free but they should always respect the secrets and privacy of others. One is responsible for what he or she says and thus it is expected that before communicating, one should understand what they want to say or write. References LaBelle, S., & Waldeck, J. H. (2020). ?Strategic Communication for Organizations?. Oakland: University of California Press. Melser, N. A. (2019). ?Soft Skills for Children: A Guide for Parents and Teachers?. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 1 Jason Xu COMM 670 Dr. Alaoui 4/7/2021 Application in Communication Application is putting something into good use. Communication can be a way for individuals to share their inner feelings, ideas, thoughts, experiences, and fears with others to be better understood. This understanding brings about cohesion within the society or an organization. It is a fundamental way of human connection and interaction that enhances growth and development. Without communication, humans would be less civilized and behave more like wild animals. Communication brings meaning to human life and existence. Some of the consequences of lack of communication include; misunderstanding, mistrust, conflicts, misconception, and confusion. The world would be in a total mess where nothing makes sense. Some factors influence effective communication in our day-to-day lives. Such factors include medium, language, time, credibility, and speed. These factors, if not considered during the process of communication, can render information inaccurate or obsolete. Communication involves an origin/sender, a message, a recipient response, or feedback. Between the origin and the recipient is a medium of communication. Effective communication is what brings understanding. For a recipient to understand the sender's intention, there must be a language that the two know for the recipient to decode what the sender is trying to say. However, the message should be delivered as promptly as possible to make sense or remain relevant. The best way to communicate effectively is to package your message so that it is easy to understand. This can be achieved by being as simple as possible, especially when communicating with someone you do not know. Communication is essential in human life. 2 Through communication, people share ideas, understand one another, resolve issues and create meaningful relationships. However, there are instances where effective communication is not achieved, and that poses a risk to human existence as we know it. Take, for example, teaching something that is considered complex to children in a way they can relate to; Humans can learn better and efficiently if the model of education is appropriate. Different people have different levels and abilities to understand a concept. That is why you find that in a class of 50 students that sit for the same exams still have difference in results albeit they have all gone through the same syllabus, taught at the same time, by the same materials and by the same teachers. Having that in mind, a good teacher should first try and understand each and every student in their class and asses their abilities. After assessing their abilities, the teacher should create a holistic plan that lets the student learn and understand new things at the correct pace. In my application, I wrote a non-fiction book for children aged 5 to 13. That is I devised a method that would make children enjoy learning in a manner that they could relate with but still stay safe within the curriculum. I chose to create an alphabet around astronomy and I called it the Space and Astronomy Alphabet Nonfiction Book. The non-fiction book made it easy for the children to identify and interpret alphabetical terms as well as notable individuals in the astronomy field. The book used a simple language that would engage the children and make them understand and comprehend astronomical information. For instance, a child aged 5years is able to tell the meaning of the sun with ease since he/she is able to differentiate what is real and what is not. Within a short time, the children will be able to master the whole alphabet and at the same time learn new things about astronomy. The book has illustrations that will help the children in cognitive learning and make it easy for them to understand alphabet. The non-fiction book identifies in-depth astronomical information and uses a simple language which will enable 3 children to understand common vocabularies they know. Therefore, the book finds an easy way to communicate and illustrate with the children about the galaxy and its constituents. It also provides a child friendly illustrations which will guide them to establish the correct examples as well as the images of different astronomical objects. Thus, the use of alphabets will make it easy for the targeted children to grasp astronomical terms and images which will help them to memorize astronomical concepts. I applied the problem-posing method of education that encourages free dialogue between the teacher and the student. The method provides a platform where both the teacher and the student can learn from each other at the same time. The process through which a teacher assesses his/her students to understand how best to impart knowledge into them is learning. Learning institutions should provide an atmosphere where learning takes place for both the teacher and the student. I learned that children need a simple language for them to interpret things around them. The children got to master the alphabet, learn about astronomy since it was a field that was overlooked mostly due to the assumption that it was complex. I realized that the non-fiction book I wrote embodied the basic principle of communication. I found a way and medium to communicate to the children easily without complicating them. I carefully chose a medium and language that would enable me disseminate information to the children and them to fully comprehend my intention. The barrier that was raised by the complexity of the book was broken down and that provided for free flow of information among the children. Through this book, children will be able to easily know of notable individuals who contributed to the discovery of galaxies, planets and instruments for exploring space. Therefore, the targeted group of children will explore different space concepts with fun and ease. 4 The process of communication should be free and open to all for information to flow freely. Through communication, people get to learn new things that bring new knowledge and meaning to their existence. Communication help humans interact with one another to find solutions to problems and coexist with one another. Jason Xu COMM 670 Dr. Fatima Zahrae Chrifi Alaoui 4/28/2021 Critically Reading and Evaluating Original Scholarship I have developed the ability to read critically and evaluate primary scholarship from my studies, Communication Studies major at SFSU. I have had the chance to learn and understand the differences between primary scholarship and secondary scholarship. The primary scholarship includes original work documented by the originator of the specific thought or idea. I have accessed various primary scholarships during my course, which include academic articles, books, speeches, and documented legal decisions. However, secondary scholarships are not documented by the originator of ideas but are edited summaries of the primary sources. These may include magazines, books, and textbooks that include ideas and cite work of primary scholarship. The primary scholarship is manifested in various forms, including books, book chapters, legal decisions, academic journal articles, and performances. However, all primary scholarship contains the original words and ideas of the author without summaries from other authors or theories. Therefore, being able to read critically and evaluate primary scholarship means that one can understand and analyze the meaning of the ideas presented by the originator. These include the main objectives that the author presents in their work and the meanings of their ideas and how and why the originator came up with the ideas, and how the ideas can be justified. Notably, reading critically equips one with knowledge and information that can be applied in their academic papers and research. I utilized various primary sources in completing my research papers and supporting my ideologies with credible information. Evaluating primary scholarships involves being able to analyze and determine the author's goals critically. This includes establishing what the author meant to achieve with an article or research and how well they met their goals. Importantly, it involves establishing the limitations of the author’s original work and ideas. This is critical in establishing the need for future research on the topic to address the limitations identified. It is fundamental to be able to read critically and evaluate primary sources for various reasons. One of the reasons is to be able to get a good understanding of the various primary scholarships that one accesses. Through reading critically and evaluating, one can break down the main ideas of the author and the author's argument. Also, understanding the logic of the argument enables one to choose important ideas and identify limitations in the primary source. As scholars, one must have the skills to read critically and evaluate sources s. This helps in analyzing the multiple primary sources available for research. One of the assignments in which I read critically and evaluated primary scholarship was the Communication and Social Process Encyclopedia literature review for my class COMM 566. In this assignment, I read critically and evaluated the psychoanalysis theory in explaining the irrational, illogical, and unconscious mental activities people with anxiety disorders experience. The literature review included breaking down the Fred Sigmund psychoanalysis theory. This included reading critically and evaluating the major focus areas and his arguments on developing an individual's personality and ideas on psychological stress. To achieve this, I read and evaluated various primary scholarships, including Studies in Hysteria (1895), the International Dream publication, and The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, which are all original ideas of Fred Sigmund. These articles provide information on the various steps that Fred Sigmund took in developing psychoanalysis theory. The first article expounds on the physical symptoms of individuals with repressed conflicts and a treatment proposal for these symptoms. The other two articles yielded the initial step in psychoanalysis. In the articles, Fred divided the mind into three levels; conscious, subconscious, and unconscious, and how each level influences decisions and actions. Further, he notes that the human mind has three components, namely, id, ego, and superego, and the roles of each of the components. Further, I read primary scholarship work by Jacques Lacan and other psychoanalytic thinkers. I read critically and evaluated their work to determine their contribution to the psychoanalysis theory. My reading was focused on identifying the changes and improvements they have made to the original theory by Fred Sigmund. Understanding the need for the changes and improvements in the theory and how well they achieved these goals. Also, I was concerned with establishing their contributions to the theory and their ideas on the human mind and its effects on irrational, illogical, and unconscious mental activities of people with anxiety disorder. Reading critically enabled me to grasp their ideas to be able to evaluate the achievements and limitations of their work. To evaluate the primary scholarships, I read critically and understood the main ideas and focus of each of the originators of the theories. Further, I assessed how and why the originators came up with the ideas and why they believed in these ideas. This included understanding the logic of the theories' arguments to establish their achievements or limitations. I critically analyzed their main goals with their original work and how well they met these goals. I also assessed the limitations of the theories and various ways in which these theories can be improved in future theories. The ability to read critically and evaluate the primary scholarship that I have gained during my Communication Studies major at San Francisco State is fundamental. These skills will allow me to engage primary scholarships effectively by breaking down the main ideas and understanding the meaning intended by the author. Also, the skills will help me evaluate scholarships effectively to establish knowledge gaps and the need for further research in the specific area. Further, I will use primary scholarships in my future scholarly work to shape and support my ideas. COMM 670: Seminar in Communication Studies Essay #5: My Communication Studies Major Purpose of Assignment This essay enables you to explain why you chose the Communication Studies major, what you thought a major in Communication Studies would emphasize/mean when you first declared it, how you explain the major now that you are completing it, and how you will use some of the capacities you have developed in specific future endeavors. Your essay will become the description content for your My Communication Studies Major ePortfolio entry. Requirements Follow these carefully to receive full credit. Write a 3 to 5-page essay (typed, double-spaced, 1-inch margins, 12-pt font): The essay should adhere to the following content guidelines. 1. Why you chose to declare a Communication Studies major; 2. What you thought the Communication Studies major would emphasize or be about when you first declared it; 3. How your understanding of the Communication Studies major changed as you engaged theory, scholarship, ethics, and application through the major; and 4. Specific ways you will be able to apply what you learned in the Communication Studies major to your future endeavors. Putting Your Essay Into Your ePortfolio • Once you are finished editing and proofreading your essay carefully, copy and paste it into the description field of your “My Communication Studies Major” entry within your ePortfolio. • Make sure you “Save Changes” to the Entry. Evaluation You will not earn a separate grade for this essay. It is part of your overall ePortfolio grade. Helpful Tip: 1. Keep in mind that others might view your ePortfolio and read about your choice of major. Try to frame your choice of major positively and actively. Sample “My Communication Studies Major” (Very Brief) Example Essay When I began college, I looked through the San Francisco State University course catalog and felt excited when I saw classes called Public Speaking, Persuasion, and Argumentation. These were all classes being taught in the Communication Studies department. I had always been good at oral reports and speaking in front of a class, so these classes appealed to me and I decided to declare a Communication Studies major. I thought I would learn about things that were interesting to me and that I would be good at the public speaking element of the major. When I first declared the Communication Studies major, I thought the emphasis would be communication skills. I thought I would learn how to create an effective public speech and present it well. I thought I would learn how to build an argument and how to persuade people to my point of view regarding significant issues. I thought there would be emphasis on how to be a dynamic and engaging speaker. I thought we might analyze speeches and arguments, as well as what makes specific speakers memorable and effective. It is clear to me, looking back, that my conception of the Communication Studies major was very narrow, but I am grateful that my comfort with public speaking and desire to build my communication skills helped me find the major. As I complete the Communication Studies major at San Francisco State University, I now know that it teaches skills, but is also a broader study of processes of human communication in a variety of contexts. In classes such as Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Communication, and Political Communication, I was looking at the familiar world around me in unfamiliar ways. I now had theories, ethical frameworks, and primary scholarship to influence how I understand communication within my family, work place, and communities. Most importantly, the Communication Studies major helped me realize that processes of communication create, maintain, and change the world as we know it. I have the power, in collaboration with others, to positively change the way we interact and build our society. It is my goal to work for a nonprofit organization that offers support services to low- income families and helps homeless families get back on their feet. My Communication Studies major will help me in many ways. First, recognizing that there are competing rhetorics regarding social class and homelessness will influence me to advocate for understanding poverty and homelessness as societal problems, not personal failures. Second, the teamwork and leadership theories and skills I have learned will help me be a valued member of an organization. Third, my argumentation skills will help me with the work of fundraising and grant writing for a nonprofit organization. The Communication Studies major has helped me understand the power of communication personally, professionally, and politically. I am eager to use my understandings and skills to serve others.