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HFT 3862 Wines of France and Italy Spring Semester 2021 Quiz #4 (In Class) question worth 7 pts

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HFT 3862 Wines of France and Italy Spring Semester 2021 Quiz #4 (In Class) question worth 7 pts. (No Pencil) (answer all parts) each 1). Completely explain how Rose wines are made. Where do these wines come from? Why were they developed? Rose wines are made with the skin contact method. Black- skinned grapes are crushed, and the skins are allowed to remain in contact with the juice for a short period. The grape must is then pressed and the skins discarded, rather than left in contact throughout fermentation as in red wine making. The longer the skin is left in contact with the juice, the more intense the color of the final wine. It can also be made by saignée, a process used to make rose by drawing pink-colored juice off fermenting red grapes, or by blending, where still red wine is blended into the juice. These wines come from many locations, but the majority of rose wine is produced in Provence, France. They were developed because there was a belief that only barbarians drank pure wine, therefore blending of wines was encouraged. 2). Where is Pomerol? Why is it different than its neighbors? What is a satellite of Pomerol; name one and explain its usefulness in the wine world today? Pomerol is in the Gironde department in nouvelle Aquitaine, near Bordeaux in southwestern France - it is the tiniest of all major Bordeaux wine regions. The lands feature unique geological characteristics, with terroir that consists of gravel and sandy topsoil with subsoil of clay. The clay is beneficial for the plants, nutrition and water wise. A satellite of Pomerol is Lalande-de-Pomerol, which is useful in the wine world today because it presents value. 4:32 1 • Done Attachment world today because it presents value. 3.) (a) What one red variety is the dominant variety in all Bordeaux? (name only one) Cabernet Franc (b) Name the dominant red variety of the Left Bank. (name only one) Cabernet Sauvignon 4). True or false. You would drink sweet natural, (not fortified), with rich chocolate dessert? Why or why not? Discuss what you would drink this wine with? Be sure to completely answer each part. No credit will be given for just a True/False answer. False. If I were to pair chocolate with a sweet natural wine, it could make the wine taste sour. Although sweet, a wine which pairs well with chocolate has got to be sweeter than the chocolate itself. A sweet natural wine such as Riesling I would drink with caramelized desserts, and fruit pies, whose flavors would get along with the tannin and acidity of the wine due to citrus and a small bitterness in caramel. I would say a nice pair for a rich chocolate dessert would be port, a wine whose sweetness could surpass that of the chocolate. 4:32 1 • Done Attachment WHFT 3862 Wines of France and Italy (must be printed out) Spring semester 2020 1 Quiz #4 (take home) (answer all parts) each question worth 7 pts. 1). Who was Alienor, (Eleanor), of Aquitaine? Why was she important? Include how and why she was responsible for trade that developed between Gascony and England? Eleanor of Aquitaine was a predominantly powerful figure in the middle ages; She was important because she was queen consort of both France and England. Beginning with her marriage to Henry 11, the people of Bordeaux considered themselves citizens of England, which strengthened the bond in between the two; It brought much of south-western France into a shared relationship with the lands of the kings of England. Gascony is a province of southwestern France. It provides unique insights into the medieval economy. Gascony being famous for new town foundations - bastides – fortified and unfortified trading centers. Bordeaux was already the center of the wine trade with England from where it also imported grain supplies. Therefore, due to Eleanor of Aquitaine, and her marriage, she was responsible for the strong bonds in between France and England which brought about the development of trade. 2). Where is St. Emilion? Why and how was it developed into the important trade route in the 11th to 15th centuries? Why? St. Emilion is located in France, on the other side of the Gironde Estuary, on Bordeaux's Right Bank. During the roman conquest of Aquitaine in the year 56 BC, the romans turned their attention to clearing the forest of Cumbis, which is now known as St. Emilion. The first wine-producing grape vines were planted then in these soils. When the region of Aquitaine passed under British rule due to the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry 11, St. Emilion wished to acquire its own right, however this was not possible – the vineyards flourished under English rule. In 1269, the creation of Port of Libourne opened up, which became into an important route for exporting wine. Tt develoned into the imnortant trade route hecause the 4:331 • Done Attachment Cumbis, which is now known as St. Emilion. The first wine-producing grape vines were planted then in these soils. When the region of Aquitaine passed under British rule due to the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry 11, St. Emilion wished to acquire its own right, however this was not possible – the vineyards flourished under English rule. In 1269, the creation of Port of Libourne opened up, which became into an important route for exporting wine. It developed into the important trade route because the first wine producing grape vines were planted in the newly conquered soils of St. Emilion 3). Explain the differences between the red wines of the Right and Left Bank. (more than variety) The right bank refers to all the appellations of Bordeaux that are on the right side of the Gironde river. The left bank refers to all the appellations of Bordeaux that are on the left side of the Gironde river as it flows out to the Atlantic Ocean. The main grape varieties used for right bank red wines are merlot and cabernet franc. On the other hand, the main grape variety used for left bank red wine is Cabernet Sauvignon. In the right bank, the terroir is comprised of a limestone surface with less gravel and more clay. It is mostly flat and has smaller vineyard plots. The red wines from the right bank tend to be softer in mouthfeel with less tannin and acid, and rich In fruit. In contrast, the terroir in the left bank is mostly flat with gravel topsoil and limestone underneath. The vineyard plots are bigger, and the red wines have more tannin than those from the right bank, as well as a bigger structure. 4). What climatic conditions made Bordeaux a great place to grow vines and make wine? The region of Bordeaux lies along the path of three important rivers - The Gironde Estuary, the Dordogne, and the Garonne. To the west, is the Atlantic Ocean, and small streams crisscross the region. The rivers and the adjacent sea act to temper the region's climate, providing these vineyards with a milder and more stable environment. Also, Bordeaux is edged on the south and west by Les Andes (manmade pine forest), shielding the region from extreme weather. Due to the maritime climate and the presence of the forest, Bordeaux's vineyards have less risk of damage of storms, severe cold snaps, and potentially devastating forests. These climatic conditions make Bordeaux a great place to grow vines and make wine. Also, any of the vineyards are quite flat, however, it does have gentle hills that create variations in topography, 4:331 . Done Attachment make and how? Include the major grape variety it affects in Bordeaux and why it is so unique? What kind of wine is produced from it? Name the area's best vineyard. With what kind of food would you serve these wines? Botrytis cinerea is a beneficial fungus - a noble rot. It Is necessary to produce many of the world's great sweet wines. When the degree of humidity is just right, Botrytis Cinerea will attack grapes, covering them with a gray mold. The mold lives by penetrating the grapes skins and using up the available water in the juice. This concentrates the sugar, flavor, and acid so that a complex wine of exceptional sweetness can be made. The major grape variety it affects in Bordeaux is Sauternes and it is unique in that, unlike other molds, it produces flavors that harmonize with the flavors of particular grapes. A naturally sweet wine is produced from it. The area's best vineyard was Château d'Yquem, which is still the ultimate, most perfectly balanced sauternes. The most decadent French wine and food marriage of all is sauternes and foie gras. Also, it pairs well with dark chocolate, and can be cooked into it as well. 10). What part will wine play in your future, as professional or as a hobby or not at all? Explain. Wine plays a great part in my life – the past, the present and the future. In my future, wine will primarily play a great role as a shared hobby. I plan to participate in wine tastings, and keep learning about the wine world, however, the most important role of wine in my life is the conversations, thoughts, and experiences I encounter when consuming it recreationally. Wine symbolizes family, friendship, love, and religion. It also complements my fascination with food, and how much I enjoy pairing it with wines. Professionally, wine plays a big role as well because I plan to work in beverage departments. I am currently in the process of getting my wine specialist certification, and with that I hope to be hired for a position which allows me to use my knowledge and experience. 4:331 . Done Attachment 6). Who was Arnaud de Pontac III? Why was he important to the Bordeaux wine world? Answer completely with some length. In 1533, Jean de Pontac founded the Haut-Brion estate for the exploitation of the vines. A century later, his descendant Arnaud de Pontac lll invented the notion of "cru”. He was a skillful winegrower, and a politician since being appointed the first president of the parliament of Bordeaux in 1660. He was important to Bordeaux in the wine world because he decided to highlight his high-quality wines and export them to England. He proponed winegrowing techniques that are still being used today, such of the use of casks, and pruning systems in low performace vineyards. 7). Who was Jules Emile Planchon? What part did he play in moving wine into the Modern Era? Who was Louis Pasteur? What part did he play in moving wine into the Modern Era? ... same question, answer both. Jules Emile Planchon was a French botanist. The role he played in moving wine into the modern era was saving French grape varieties from phylloxera, a pest which threatened vines critically. His solution involved the introduction of American grapevines to France for grafting purposes. Louis Pasteur was a French biologist, microbiologist, and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. Louis Pasteur determined that yeast - critical to winemaking - had to be encouraged to grow, while unhelpful bacteria had to be killed by heating the wine to 50-60 degrees centigrade. He distinguished this method as pasteurization. In addition, he also isolated the role of oxygen in winemaking, which is that it can modify sensory characteristics in wine. 8). What was the Classification of 1855? Include ... Why was it important? What wine areas, (white), did it include and what areas red did it ignore? What vineyard was upgraded as the only change made to this list? The 1855 classification of Bordeaux wines was a presentation which showcased the very best French wines. It stood as the single most important and famous classifications of any wine region in the world. The classification was based on the reputation of the Châteaux, the trading price, and did not take into account whether 4:331 . Done Attachment 4). What climatic conditions made Bordeaux a great place to grow vines and make wine? The region of Bordeaux lies along the path of three important rivers - The Gironde Estuary, the Dordogne, and the Garonne. To the west, is the Atlantic Ocean, and small streams crisscross the region. The rivers and the adjacent sea act to temper the region's climate, providing these vineyards with a milder and more stable environment. Also, Bordeaux is edged on the south and west by Les Andes (manmade pine forest), shielding the region from extreme weather. Due to the maritime climate and the presence of the forest, Bordeaux's vineyards have less risk of damage of storms, severe cold snaps, and potentially devastating forests. These climatic conditions make Bordeaux a great place to grow vines and make wine. Also, any of the vineyards are quite flat, however, it does have gentle hills that create variations in topography, orientation to the sun, soil, and drainage patterns. These drainage patterns are essential because the grape varieties that grow in Bordeaux are sensitive to too much water, and water is surrounds them. 5). List four innovations or techniques that have continually kept Bordeaux wines the world leader in quality from the 17th century to the present. By the beginning of the 17th century, Bordeaux vineyards were already planted and producing wine. However, this region was considered unstable, swamp land and marshes. A technique used by the Dutch was draining the marshes and the swamps, which allowed for quicker transportation, and made more land available that was perfect for growing grapes. At the same time, another technique is created: new water channels. These helped improve the drainage, sot that the previous swamp like conditions do not develop again. Following, by the late 1600's, specific regions and brands began developing. This innovation allowed discerning consumers to choose in between vineyards and appellations. Once buyers started looking for specific wines and appreciating the difference, popularity began growing, giving the region the great reputation it has today. Finally, the innovation of negociant firms came to be. The wine was made and placed in barrel by the chateau. The negociants then handled the rest of the job from bottling, to sales, and distribution. 4:331 • Done Attachment The 1855 classification of Bordeaux wines was a presentation which showcased the very best French wines. It stood as the single most important and famous classifications of any wine region in the world. The classification was based on the reputation of the Châteaux, the trading price, and did not take into account whether the Châteaux produced red or white wines. For white wines, the areas it included were limited to Sauternes and Barsac. For red wine, the Château Haute Brion from Graves was ignored. The only vineyard that was upgraded as the only change made to this list was Château Mouton-Rothschild. 9). What is Botrytis Cinerea? What kind of wines does it make and how? Include the major grape variety it affects in Bordeaux and why it is so unique? What kind of wine is produced from it? Name the area's best vineyard. With what kind of food would you serve these wines? Botrytis cinerea is a beneficial fungus - a noble rot. It Is necessary to produce many of the world's great sweet wines. When the degree of humidity is just right, Botrytis Cinerea will attack grapes, covering them with a gray mold. The mold lives by penetrating the grapes skins and using up the available water in the juice. This concentrates the sugar, flavor, and acid so that a complex wine of exceptional sweetness can be made. The major grape variety it affects in Bordeaux is Sauternes and it is unique in that, unlike other molds, it produces flavors that harmonize with the flavors of particular grapes. A naturally sweet wine is produced from it. The area's best vineyard was Château d'Yquem, which is still the ultimate, most perfectly balanced sauternes. The most decadent French wine and food marriage of all is sauternes and foie gras. Also, it pairs well with dark chocolate, and can be cooked into it as well. 10). What part will wine play in your future, as professional or as a hobby or not at all? Explain. Wine plays a great part in my life – the past, the present and the future. In my future, wine will primarily play a great role as a shared hobby. I plan to participate in wine tastings, and keep learning about the wine world, however, the most