1. Withdrawing

The Turtle: Avoid conflicts, valuing neither the relationship or the goal.

2. Internal Barriers

Include negative attitudes, values, fears, anxieties, and habitual patterns of avoiding conflict.

3. External Barriers

Include task requirements, group norms for avoiding conflict, pressure to maintain a congenial public image, and perceptions of one's vulnerabilities and others' strengths.

4. Triggering Event

May be as simple as two group members being physically near one another or as complex as two members being in competition.

5. Steps of Integrative Negotiations

1. Describing what you want
2. Describing how you feel
3. Describing reasons underlying wants and feelings
4. Reversing prospectives
5. Inventing three optional agreements
6. Reaching and agreement.

6. Counseling and Therapy Groups

Focus on increased pyschological adjustment and health.

7. Self-Help Groups

Focus on overcoming or coping with life stresses, such as addiction or illness. An enormous number of them can be found in our society.

8. Psychological Health

The ability to be aware of and manage effectively one's interdependent interactions with others.

9. Self-Actualization

The psychological need for growth, development, and utilization of potential.

10. Interpersonal Effectiveness

The extent to which the consequences of a person's behavior match his or her intentions.