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An o cial website of the United States government Here's how you know ? The latest information on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is available on coronavirus

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An o cial website of the United States government Here's how you know ? The latest information on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is available on coronavirus.gov. United States Department of Transportation Search Home / Regulations / Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Cargo Tanks General HM Safety Advisory Notices Safety Permit National HM Route Registry Regulations Security Spill Reporting & Prevention Training & Education State Programs How to Comply with Federal Hazardous Materials Regulations This document provides only a general overview of the requirements for transporting hazardous materials by highway. For more speci c requirements, carriers and shippers should consult the most current edition of 49 CFR Parts 100-185. Motor carriers should also consult the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview Applicability Hazardous Materials Shipper and Carrier Responsibilities Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Communications Requirements Hazardous Materials Training Requirements Emergency Response Requirements Hazardous Materials Packaging Compatibility and Block and Bracing by Highway Appendix A - De nitions Appendix B - Directory of OMC Regional O ces Appendix C - Sources of Publications OVERVIEW Contact Us Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Hazardous Materials Division 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE Washington, DC 20590 United States Phone: 202-385-2400 Business Hours: 9:00am-5:00pm ET, M-F The Secretary of the Department of Transportation receives the authority to regulate the transportation of hazardous materials from the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA), as amended and codi ed in 49 U.S.C. 5101 et seq. The Secretary is authorized to issue regulations to implement the requirements of 49 U.S.C. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) (formerly the Research and Special Provisions Administration (RSPA)) was delegated the responsibility to write the hazardous materials regulations, which are contained in 49 CFR Parts 100-180. In order to accomplish his responsibilities under the HMTA the Secretary "...may authorize any o cer, employee, or agent to enter upon inspect, and examine, at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner, the records and properties of persons to the extent such records and properties relate to: (1) the manufacture, fabrication, marking, maintenance, reconditioning, repair, testing, or distribution of packages or containers for use by any "person" in the transportation of hazardous materials in commerce; or (2) the transportation or shipment by any "person" of hazardous materials in "commerce." The hazardous materials regulations have changed signi cantly over the last several years. These changes were rst introduced in Docket HM-181 which provided for the harmonization of the United State's hazardous materials regulations with international standards in order to facilitate foreign trade and maintain the competitiveness of U.S. goods. The applicability of the hazardous materials regulations was extended to all intrastate shipments of hazardous materials by highway e ective October 1, 1998, as published in the nal rule, Docket HM-200 dated January 8, 1997. This nal rule also provided exceptions for "materials of trade", "agricultural operations" and certain non-speci cation packaging used in commerce. Special agents of the Department of Transportation can not be denied reasonable access to those areas that fall within the o cial scope of their duties. The Secretary has delegated this authority to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), Federal Railway Administration (FRA), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), and the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The Government Printing O ce has made the Federal Register and 49 CFR available on the Internet. Clari cations of the requirements are contained in the Federal Hazardous Materials Regulations and the Motor Carrier Safety Regulations. APPLICABILITY The hazardous materials regulations are applicable to the transportation of hazardous materials in commerce and their o ering to: 1. Interstate, intrastate, and foreign carriers by rail car, aircraft, motor vehicle and vessel. 2. The representation that a hazardous material is present in a package, container, rail car, aircraft, motor vehicle or vessel. 3. The manufacture, fabrication, marking, maintenance, reconditioning, repairing or testing of a package or container which is represented, marked, certi ed or sold for use in the transportation of hazardous materials (49 CFR 171.1(a)) GENERAL DOT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS "No person may o er or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance with subpart G of Part 107 of this chapter, if applicable, and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized..."(49 CFR 171.2(a)) Underlined in the preceding extract from the Hazardous Materials Regulations are three important terms; "person," "o eror" and "commerce" (See Appendix A De nitions). The word shipper is frequently used by industry in place of the word "o eror." For the purpose of this document only, the term shipper and "o eror" are used interchangeably. These three words are important in that they de ne when you are subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of Transportation. Additionally, you may be subject to the requirements of other Federal and/or State Laws. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNMENT CONTRACTORS Most Federal Agencies including the Department of Defense are considered "o erors" when they ship hazardous materials by commercial carriers. In those rare instances where governmental agencies transport hazardous materials in commerce on government vehicles/aircraft, the agency is also considered a carrier. Contractors are fully subject to the requirements of the Federal hazardous materials transportation law. The Uniformed Services of the United States generally are not subject to the commerce clause of the Constitution. Therefore, military shipments, transported on military vehicles or aircraft are not subject to Federal jurisdiction. However, many states require military movements by highway to conform to 49 CFR or compatible state regulations. DOD and Service Regulations also require compliance with 49 CFR Parts 100-180. When in peacetime, the military services procure commercial transportation, (o ering into commerce), the military is engaged in commerce and required to comply with 49 CFR HM REGISTRATION "Persons" who o er for transportation, or transport in foreign, interstate or intrastate commerce: (a) any highway route controlled quantity of a Class 7 (radioactive) material; (b) more than 25 kg (55 lbs.) of a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) material in a motor vehicle, rail car or freight container; (c) more than 1 L per package of a material extremely poisonous by inhalation; (d) a hazardous material in a bulk packaging having a capacity of 3,500 gals. for liquids or gases, or more than 468 cubic feet for solids; (e) a shipment in other than bulk packaging of 5,000 lbs. gross weight or more of one class of hazardous material for which the transport vehicle requires placarding; (f) any quantity of materials requiring placarding. The following are excepted from the registration requirement: 1. An agency of the Federal Government 2. A State Agency 3. An agency or political subdivision of a State 4. An employee of (1)-(3) 5. A hazmat employee (including an owner operator of a motor vehicle leased to a registered motor carrier for 30 days or more). 6. A person domiciled outside the United States who o ers HM solely from outside the United States. (See 49 CFR 107.606(a)(6) for exceptions and reciprocity.) 7. Registration is required annually and includes a fee. For additional information on the registration requirement, you may call 1800-467-4922 or (202) 366-4109. HM PERMITTING - 49 CFR 385.400 After January 1, 2005, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) requires motor carriers to obtain a Hazardous Materials Safety Permit (HMSP) prior to transporting certain highly hazardous materials. An HMSP is required to transport any of the following materials: 1. A highway route-controlled quantity of a Class 7 (radioactive) material; 2. More than 25 kg (55 pounds) of a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (explosive) material or an amount of a Division 1.5 (explosive) material requiring placarding under 49 CFR 172; 3. More than one liter (1.08 quarts) per package of a "material poisonous by inhalation," that meets the criteria for "hazard zone A"; 4. A "material poisonous by inhalation," that meets the criteria for "hazard zone B," in a bulk packaging (capacity greater than 460 L (119 gallons)); 5. A "material poisonous by inhalation," that meets the criteria for "hazard zone C," or "hazard zone D," in a packaging having a capacity equal to or greater than 13,248 L (3,500 gallons); or 6. A shipment of compressed or refrigerated lique ed methane or lique ed natural gas, or other lique ed gas with a methane content of at least 85 percent, in a bulk packaging having a capacity equal to or greater than 13,248 L (3,500 gallons). Motor carriers will be required to apply for a HMSP the next time they are scheduled to le the MCS-150 form after January 1, 2005. All motor carriers, including interstate, intrastate and foreign carriers must comply with this regulation. For more information you may call 202-366-6121. ENFORCEMENT The Modal Agencies have established their own programs to prioritize their inspection activities of transporters of hazardous materials. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in addition to the Modal Agencies have selection criteria for shippers; "o erors", that are similar i.e. (1) Investigation of known shipper violations discovered during carrier audits, (2) Non-frivolous written complaints alleging violations of the Federal Hazardous Materials Regulations, (3) NRC and DOT 5800.1, spill and hazmat incident reports, (4) Referrals from other governmental agencies and special investigations targeting high risk hazardous materials such as explosives and certain radioactive materials. In almost all instances these shipper inspections are unannounced. In the event that inspection of your hazardous materials operations discloses violations of the hazardous materials regulations, you may be subject to civil and/or criminal penalties. PENALTIES PER VIOLATION 107.329 * CIVIL MAXIMUM $79,976.00** CRIMINAL* INDIVIDUAL $250,000.00 CORPORATION $500,000.00 MINIMUM $481.00 if related to Training $186,610.00 if violation resulted in death, serious illness or severe injury to any person or substantial property damage ** (Levels of ne from 18 U.S.C. and includes provision for imprisonment for not more than 5 years.) Although the Federal Government is exempt from the penalty provisions, (See de nition of "person" on page 26 of this H.O.) employees of the federal government are not exempt under the HMTA. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SHIPPER RESPONSIBILITIES DETERMINE WHETHER A MATERIAL MEETS THE DEFINITION OF A "HAZARDOUS MATERIAL" PROPER SHIPPING NAME CLASS/DIVISION IDENTIFICATION NUMBER HAZARD WARNING LABEL PACKAGING MARKING EMPLOYEE TRAINING SHIPPING PAPERS EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION EMERGENCY RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBER CERTIFICATION COMPATIBILITY BLOCKING AND BRACING PLACARDING SECURITY PLAN INCIDENT REPORTING Listed above are the major responsibilities of HM shippers. General shipper responsibilities are contained in 49 CFR Part 173. Identi cation of a hazardous material is the rst step, and frequently the most di cult. Of all the shippers' (o erors') responsibilities, the requirement to properly classify a hazardous material is very important. It is from the proper identi cation of the hazardous materials that the other requirements are based on. A list of all material regulated by the DOT is located in section 172.101 The current 49 CFR is consistent with the international requirements. However, there are some di erences in the requirements for shipment by international air, international vessel, and shipments to and from Canada. The HMR addresses the requirements for the movement of shipments prepared in accordance with the international and Canadian regulations in 49 CFR sections 171.12 and 171.22. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CARRIER RESPONSIBILITY SHIPPING PAPER PLACARD AND MARK VEHICLE LOADING AND UNLOADING COMPATIBILITY BLOCKING AND BRACING INCIDENT REPORTING SECURITY PLAN EMPLOYEE TRAINING This list above contains some of the major responsibilities of HM carriers. Carrier and o eror (shipper) responsibilities frequently overlap. When a motor carrier performs a shipper function, the carrier is responsible for performing that function in accordance with 49 CFR. The cargo space of the vehicle should be suitable for the material being shipped. The vehicle itself must be in sound mechanical condition. The carrier must check to insure that the material o ered by the shipper is properly described and packaged. In addition to the provisions of 49 CFR Parts 100-180, interstate motor carriers of placarded loads must comply with the hazardous materials requirements in 49 CFR Part 397. INCIDENT REPORTING Immediate noti cation of a hazardous materials incident by a carrier is required at the earliest practical moment for incidents that occur during the course of transportation (including loading, unloading, and temporary storage) in which as a direct result of the hazardous materials any one or more of the following occurs: 1. A person is killed; 2. A person receives an injury requiring admittance to a hospital; 3. The general public is evacuated for one hour or more; 4. A major transportation artery or facility is closed or shut down for one hour or more; or 5. Fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected radioactive contamination occurs involving a radioactive material; 6. Fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected contamination occurs involving an infectious substance other than a diagnostic specimen or regulated medical waste; 7. A release of a marine pollutant occurs in a quantity exceeding 450L (119 gallons) for a liquid or 400 kg (882 pounds) for a solid; or 8. A situation exists of such a nature (e.g., a continuing danger to life exists at the scene of the incident) that, in the judgment of the person in possession of the hazardous material, it should be reported to the National Response Center even though it does not meet the other criteria. Each notice shall be given telephonically to the Department at (800) 424-8802. Incidents involving etiologic agents may be made to the CDC at (800) 232-0124. For content of report and additional information, please see 171.15. A written report shall be submitted on DOT Form F 5800.1 for all incidents involving the transportation of hazardous materials unless excepted. Detailed reporting requirements are contained in 171.16. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions The purpose of the table is to assign proper shipping names, class and division, and guidance for packaging and handling requirements for hazardous materials. It is important to remember to read the instructions contained in front of table 172.101 when using this section. Many violations occur because individuals fail to review these instructions. Information that is available from the Table consists of: symbols that determine applicability, proper shipping name and shipping description, hazard class or division, identi cation number, packing group, label(s) required, special provisions, packaging authorizations, quantity limitations aboard aircraft, and vessel stowage requirements. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS The de nition of HAZARDOUS MATERIALS includes those materials designated by the Secretary of the Department of Transportation as posing an unreasonable threat to the public and the environment. The term "Hazardous Materials" includes all of the following: (1) Hazardous Substances, (2) Hazardous Wastes, (3) Marine Pollutants, (4) Elevated Temperature Material (5) Materials identi ed in 172.101, and (6) Materials meeting the de nitions contained in Part 173. HM REGULATED BY U.S. D.O.T. CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES DIVISION 1.1 MASS EXPLOSIVE HAZARD DIVISION 1.2 PROJECTION HAZARD DIVISION 1.3 MASS FIRE HAZARD DIVISION 1.4 MINOR EXPLOSION HAZARD DIVISION 1.5 VERY INSENSITIVE EXPLOSIVES DIVISION 1.6 EXTREMELY INSENSITIVE EXPLOSIVES Explosives were formerly classi ed as Class A, B, C or Blasting Agent. A comparison of the old and new classi cation system is contained in 173.53. In addition to the change in classi cation systems we are now concerned with compatibility groups which are designated by alpha characters: 1.1A, 1.2D, etc. Information on the di erent compatibility groups are contained in 49 CFR 173.52. CLASS 2 GASES DIVISION 2.1 FLAMMABLE GASES DIVISION 2.2 NON-FLAMMABLE GASES DIVISION 2.3 POISONOUS OR TOXIC This class includes materials that are Compressed, Dissolved under Pressure, or Pressurized Cryogenic Liquids, and Lique ed Gases CLASS 3 FLAMMABLE LIQUID Includes materials whose Flash Point (FP) is not more than 141F NOTE: See Combustible Liquids below CLASS 4 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS DIVISION 4.1 FLAMMABLE SOLID DIVISION 4.2 SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL DIVISION 4.3 DANGEROUS WHEN WET CLASS 5 OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES; ORGANIC PEROXIDES DIVISION 5.1 OXIDIZER DIVISION 5.2 ORGANIC PEROXIDE CLASS 6 POISONOUS (TOXIC) AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES DIVISION 6.1 POISONOUS (TOXIC) MATERIAL DIVISION 6.2 INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCE CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CLASS 8 CORROSIVES CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS GOODS * *Category includes Environmentally Hazardous Substances, Elevated Temperature Material, Hazardous Wastes, and Marine Pollutants. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS Materials whose FP is greater than 141 F but less than 200EF are still regulated domestically as combustible liquids. Materials transported domestically only, whose FPs are 100 F up to 141 F may be reclassi ed as combustible in accordance with 173.120(b). A COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID which does not sustain combustion is not subject to the requirements of the HMRs. See Appendix H, Part 173 for the required tests. ORM-D "ORM-D materials" are materials such as a consumer commodity, which although is subject to the regulations presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity and packaging. Each ORM-D material and category of ORM-D material is listed in the 49 CFR 172.101 Table and 173.144. CONSUMER COMMODITIES Consumer commodities are materials that are packaged and distributed in a form intended for, or suitable for sale through retail sales. In order to determine if a particular hazardous material may qualify as a consumer commodity, refer to the section number in Part 173 identi ed in column 8 of the 172.101 Table for that material. EXCEPTIONS: Agricultural Operations The transportation of agricultural products (see 49 CFR171.8) by highway may be excepted from some or all of the provisions of the Hazardous Materials Regulations when transported in accordance with the provisions of 49 CFR 173.5. Materials of Trade The transportation of materials of trade (see 49 CFR 171.8) by highway may be excepted from many of the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations when transported in accordance with the procedures contained in 49 CFR 173.6. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS Part 172 of 49 CFR contains the hazardous materials communication requirements in addition to the hazardous materials table, emergency response requirements, training, and security plan. The term hazardous materials communications commonly refers to shipping papers, marking, labeling and placarding. Shipping Papers Shipping paper requirements are contained in 49 CFR Part 172 Subpart C. For the purpose of the hazardous materials regulations, a shipping paper is any shipping document whose purpose is to communicate a hazard, and conforms to the requirements contained in this Subpart. Each person who o ers hazardous materials for transportation shall describe the hazardous materials on a shipping paper that conforms to the requirements of the HMR. No carrier may transport a hazardous material unless it is accompanied by a shipping paper that is prepared in accordance with the HMR. The description of hazardous materials on a shipping paper is contained in section 172.202. The basic description now includes proper shipping name, hazard class, identi cation number, and packaging group. The class names, IMO class and division numbers, or subsidiary hazard classes may be entered in parentheses. Entries are required for number and type packaging and weight (net or gross). It is important to remember that except for materials in the U. N. Recommendations, the ICAO Technical Instructions, or the IMDG Code, a material that is not a hazardous material according to this sub-chapter may not be o ered for transportation or transported when its description on a shipping paper includes a hazard class or an identi cation number speci ed in 49 CFR 172.101. This provision is most frequently violated when the shipments involve non-RCRA Waste, which is not considered DOT hazardous materials. Depending on the material being transported additional information requirements to be entered on the shipping paper are contained in 49 CFR 172.203. Recent changes include entries for: Technical names for n.o.s. and other generic descriptions, Organic peroxides to include concentration, All poisonous materials subject to 172.203(m) where the poisonous constituent is not mentioned in the proper shipping name, for materials meeting the de nition of poison-inhalation hazard, (see 171.8) "Poison-Inhalation Hazard" as provided in 172.203(m) and the words "Hazard Zone A," "Hazard Zone B," "Hazard Zone C" or "Hazard Zone D" as appropriate. (Also, see 173.133(b).) The regulation requires an emergency response telephone number to be placed on the shipping paper. The telephone number must be monitored at all times when the material is in transportation to include storage incidental to transportation. The number must be of a person who is knowledgeable of the hazardous materials being shipped and the appropriate emergency response procedures, or a person who has immediate access to a person who has such knowledge. If you use the number for a service provider such as CHEMTREC you must have a valid contract in force with the service provider. This telephone number must be readily identi able on the shipping paper. A problem with some Bills of Ladings are the numerous emergency numbers for various types of problems, such as requests for delivery times or requests for safe havens. Emergency responders may have trouble identifying the DOT emergency response telephone number. The DOT does not dictate who signs the certi cation on the shipping papers. The individual who signs the certi cation should be the individual most knowledgeable of the shipment. Public Law 103-311 amended 49 U.S.C. 5110 to require retention of hazardous materials shipping papers for 1 year. Marking The requirements for marking of packages are contained in 49 CFR, Subpart D, Part 172. The basic marking requirement consists of the proper shipping name and identi cation number of the hazardous materials contained in the package. Markings should be durable, in English, and not obscured by other markings or labels. Depending on the material there may be additional marking requirements. For non-bulk packaging, technical names must be marked in parenthesis in association with the proper shipping name if required by 172.203(k). Identi cation numbers are not required for ORM-D and limited quantities. Bulk packaging requirements are in section 172.302. Identi cation Numbers must be on each side and each end for packages 3785 L (1,000 gals) or more and for cylinders permanently mounted on tube trailer motor vehicles. Identi cation Numbers on two opposing sides for packages less than 3785 L (1,000 gals). Technical names are not required for bulk packages. You may not o er or transport a container unless the HM markings apply to the material contained in the package. There is an exception for empty containers if: (1) In a vehicle or freight container, the package is not visible, and is loaded and unloaded by the shipper or consignee, or (2) The markings are securely covered during transport. The following is a listing of additional marking requirements: Authorized Abbreviation Elevated temperature material Class 7 (radioactive) materials Portable tanks Liquid Hazardous Materials in NonBulk Packaging Cargo tanks Poisonous Hazardous Materials Tank cars and multi-unit tank car tanks ORM-D Bulk packagings other than portable tanks, cargo tanks, tank cars, and multi-tank car tanks Identi cation number markings Explosive Hazardous Material Marine Pollutant Hazardous Substances in non-bulk packagings LABELING General labeling requirements are contained in 49 CFR subpart E Part 172. Each person who o ers for transportation or transports a hazardous material shall ensure the package is properly labeled. There are a number of exceptions to the labeling requirements contained in 172.400a. Prohibited labeling is contained in 172.401. The following is a list of additional requirements: Additional labeling Label Speci cations Class 7 (radioactive) material There is a separate section for each of the authorized labels that gives an example of the label and describes the label. Sections 172.411 through 172.450 contain the required design for each label. Labels for mixed and consolidated packagings Authorized label modi cations Placement of labels PLACARDING General placarding requirements are contained in 49 CFR Subpart F Part 172. Each person who o ers for transportation any hazardous materials subject to the HMR shall comply with the applicable placarding requirements. Applicability of placarding requirements 172.500: Placarding is not required for infectious substances, ORM-D, limited quantities, small quantity shipments, and combustible liquids in non-bulk packages. Placards may not be displayed on any packaging, freight container, unit load device, motor vehicle or rail car unless the placard represents a hazardous material loaded into or onto the conveyance unless the shipment is in accordance with the TDG Regulation, the IMDG Code or the UN Recommendations. General placarding requirements are contained in 172.504. Each bulk packaging, freight container, unit load device, transport vehicle, or rail car containing any quantity of hazardous materials must be placarded on each side and each end with the placards speci ed in Tables 1 and 2. 172.504 contains a number of notes and exceptions to these requirements. When two or more Table 2 materials are contained in the same transport vehicle, the Dangerous" placard may be used instead of the speci c placard required for each hazard class. However, when 1,000 kg (2,205 lbs.) or more of a single category of HM is loaded on a transport vehicle, the placard speci ed for that material must be displayed. 172.504(c) contains an exception from the placarding requirement for shipments that contain less 454 kg (1,001 pounds) of Table 2 materials. A frequent problem encountered involves the 1,001 lbs. exception. The 1,001 lbs. is aggregate gross weight. Aggregate gross weight is the total weight of all hazardous materials and its packaging loaded on a single transport vehicle. For example, if a vehicle has 1,500 lbs. of Class 3 materials and 50 lbs. of Class 8 materials, you would have to placard for both Class 3 and Class 8.There are additional requirements for placarding such as: Placarding for subsidiary hazard Bulk packages Providing and a xing placards by Highway Visibility and display of placards Special placarding provisions by Highway General speci cations for placards Providing and a xing placards by Rail There is a section for each placard that gives an example and describes it. Special placarding provisions by Rail Freight containers and aircraft unit load devices NOTE: FOR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION OF SHIPMENTS YOU MUST USE THE MOST CURRENT EDITION OF 49 CFR. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRAINING In addition to the communications requirements that took e ect on October 1, 1993, hazmat employers must have trained hazmat employees hired prior to 07/02/93. For complete de nition of hazmat employer and hazmat employee please see de nitions contained in appendix A. TRAINING REQUIRED General awareness/familiarization: General awareness and familiarization training is intended to raise the hazmat employees' awareness of the HMR and the purpose and meaning of the hazard communication requirements. All hazmat employees must have this training. Function-speci c training: Function speci c training is intended to teach the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities for an individual's job function. Safety training: This training provides information concerning the hazards posed by materials in the workplace and personal protection measures. The training may include basic emergency response procedures but is not intended to satisfy the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120. Security Training: Each hazmat employee must receive security awareness training. This training must include an awareness of security risks associated with hazardous materials transportation and methods designed to enhance transportation security. After March 25, 2003, hazmat employees must receive this training at their next scheduled recurrent training, but in no case later than March 24, 2006. New hazmat employees must receive this training within 90 days of employment. In addition to the above security awareness training, hazmat employees of employers that are required to have a security plan must receive in-depth security training on the security plan and its implementation. Modal speci c requirements: Any additional training required by 49 CFR PARTS 174, 175, 176, or 177. The regulation does not specify sources of training. The US Department of Transportation does not designate sources of training nor certify training courses, instructors and/or schools. It is the hazmat employer's responsibility to determine the adequacy of the training being presented. Training may be in any appropriate format including lecture, conference, self paced instruction, interactive video, etc. ___________________________________________________________________ INITIAL TRAINING A new hazmat employee who changes job functions may perform those functions prior to completion of training, provided the employee performs those functions under the direct supervision of a properly trained and knowledgeable hazmat employee; and the training is completed within 90 days after employment or job function. RECURRENT TRAINING Employees must receive the required training every three years or any time there is a change in job function. RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS A record of current training, inclusive of the preceding three years, in accordance with this subpart, shall be created and retained by each hazmat employer for each hazmat employee for as long as that employee is employed by that employer as a hazmat employee and for 90 days thereafter. The record shall include: (1) The hazmat employee's name; (2) The most recent training completion date of the hazmat employee's training; (3) A description, copy or the location of the training materials used to meet the requirements; (4) The name and address of the person providing training; and (5) Certi cation that the hazmat employee has been trained and tested as required by this subpart. The records required by this rule must be produced upon reasonable demand by an authorized employee of the Department of Transportation. Records may be in any format such as paper or electronic les as long as they contain the required information and are readily available. Compliance with the current requirements for a CDL with a tank vehicle or hazardous materials endorsement provides a driver with the general knowledge and skills necessary to safely operate a commercial motor vehicle with hazardous materials cargo. This may satisfy the hazardous materials training requirements. As a hazmat employee, additional specialized training may be required based on the job function and material-speci c requirements related to the handling of hazardous materials. The hazmat employer must determine the extent to which the CDL endorsement satis es all training requirements. EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBER MUST BE MONITORED AT ALL TIMES WHILE THE SHIPMENT IS IN TRANSIT. EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION THAT MUST APPEAR ON THE SHIPPING PAPER OR IN A SEPARATE DOCUMENT MAINTAINED WITH THE SHIPPING PAPER: DESCRIPTION OF THE HM IMMEDIATE HAZARDS TO HEALTH IMMEDIATE METHODS FOR HANDLING SMALL OR LARGE FIRES AND SPILLS OR LEAKS PRELIMINARY FIRST AID MEASURES The requirement for Emergency Response information is contained in 49 CFR, Part 172, Subpart G. The number must be maintained at all times that a shipment is in transit. The use of beepers, answering machines and switchboards is not authorized. The phone number must be to someone capable of providing information on the material. Written emergency response information must be appropriate for the hazardous material being transported. If the carrier's equipment has an emergency response guide or similar document on board there is no requirement to provide a separate emergency response document. For transportation by highway, if a transport vehicle contains hazardous materials for which a shipping paper is required and the transport vehicle is separated from its motive power and parked at a location other than a facility operated by the consignee, consignor, or carrier, the carrier shall (1) Mark the transport vehicle with the telephone number of the motor carrier on the front exterior near the brake hose or electrical connection; or (2) have the shipping paper and emergency response information readily available on the transport vehicle. This requirement does not apply if the identi cation number for each hazardous materials contained therein is marked on the outside of the vehicle on an orange panel or white square on point placard. SECURITY PLANS The security plan requirements in Part 172 Subpart I of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) require each hazmat employer subject to the security plan requirements to establish and implement a security plan. The employer is also required to train their hazmat employees on the security plan. The purpose of these requirements is to enhance the security of hazardous materials transported in commerce. Employers must establish and implement their security plan by September 25, 2003, and by December 22, 2003, each employee must receive training on the security plan and its implementation. Security Plan Applicability. Each person who o ers for transportation in commerce or transports in commerce one or more of the following hazardous materials must develop and adhere to a transportation security plan for hazardous materials that conforms to the requirements of this subpart. As used in this section, "large bulk quantity" refers to a quantity greater than 3,000 kg (6,614 pounds) for solids or 3,000 liters (792 gallons) for liquids and gases in a single packaging such as a cargo tank motor vehicle, portable tank, tank car, or other bulk container. 1. Any quantity of a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 material; 2. A quantity of a Division 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6 material requiring placarding in accordance with subpart F of this part; 3. A large bulk quantity of Division 2.1 material; 4. A large bulk quantity of Division 2.2 material with a subsidiary hazard of 5.1; 5. Any quantity of a material poisonous by inhalation, as de ned in §171.8 of this subchapter; 6. A large bulk quantity of a Class 3 material meeting the criteria for Packing Group I or II; 7. A quantity of desensitized explosives meeting the de nition of Division 4.1 or Class 3 material requiring placarding in accordance with subpart F of this part; 8. A large bulk quantity of a Division 4.2 material meeting the criteria for Packing Group I or II; 9. A quantity of a Division 4.3 material requiring placarding in accordance with subpart F of this part; 10. A large bulk quantity of a Division 5.1 material in Packing Groups I and II; perchlorates; or ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate fertilizers, or ammonium nitrate emulsions, suspensions, or gels; 11. Any quantity of organic peroxide, Type B, liquid or solid, temperature controlled; 12. A large bulk quantity of Division 6.1 material (for a material poisonous by inhalation see paragraph (5) above); 13. A select agent or toxin regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under 42 CFR part 73 or the United States Department of Agriculture under 9 CFR part 121; 14. A quantity of uranium hexa uoride requiring placarding under §172.505(b); 15. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Code of Conduct Category 1 and 2 materials including Highway Route Controlled quantities as de ned in 49 CFR 173.403 or known radionuclides in forms listed as RAM-QC by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 16. A large bulk quantity of Class 8 material meeting the criteria for Packing Group I. Exceptions. Transportation activities of a farmer, who generates less than $500,000 annually in gross receipts from the sale of agricultural commodities or products, are not subject to this subpart if such activities are: 1. Conducted by highway or rail; 2. In direct support of their farming operations; and 3. Conducted within a 150-mile radius of those operations. PACKAGING What is Performance Oriented Packaging? It is a packaging construction system based on performance standards developed in the form of Recommendations by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN Recommendations). The UN standards have general requirements for materials, construction and a maximum capacity. Containers must pass or be capable of passing a series of performance tests before they are authorized for the carriage of hazardous materials. The international standards have general requirements for materials, construction and a maximum capacity as compared to detailed DOT speci cations for non-bulk packagings formerly contained in 49 CFR, Part 178. Packaging requirements are based on the Packing Group of the material, its vapor pressure, and chemical compatibility between the package and the HM. Non-bulk packaging standards are based upon a number of performance tests. In addition to UN Recommendation performance oriented tests, a vibration test for non-bulk packaging is required domestically. Reuse of plastic and metal is drums based on minimum thickness requirements. (This substitutes for the lack of performance tests in UN standards with regard to puncture resistance, abrasion resistance and metal fatigue). Package manufacturers must provide written noti cation to customers of any speci cation shortfalls or steps to be taken to conform with applicable speci cation. Performance tests for UN packaging, including design quali cation tests and periodic retests, are included in Part 178. Packing Groups The packing group designated in the 172.101 Table, column 5, indicates the degree of danger presented by the material. The shipper is responsible for determining the appropriate packing group. Packing Group Degree of Danger I Great II Medium III Minor If more than one packing group is indicated for an entry, the packing group for the HM is determined using the criteria in 49 CFR, Part 173, Subpart D. Packaging Responsibilities General requirements are contained in 49 CFR 171.2(g). No person may represent, certify, mark, sell or o er a packaging or container as meeting the requirements of the HMR, governing its use in transportation of a hazardous material, whether or not it is used or is intended to be used for transportation of a hazardous material, unless the packaging or container is manufactured, fabricated, marked, maintained, reconditioned, repaired or retested, as appropriate, in accordance with the HMR. The shipper's responsibility is to classify and describe the HM in accordance with Parts 172 and 173. The shipper must determine that the packaging or container is an authorized packaging, including all special requirements, and that the package has been manufactured, assembled and marked in accordance with the HMR. The shipper may accept the manufacturer's certi cation, speci cation, approval or exemption marking in determining the packaging compliance. Based on written instructions by the manufacturer [178.2(c)], the shipper performs all actions which need to be taken for the packaging to conform to the requirements of Part 178. The shipper must perform any packaging functions required by 173.24, 173.24a, and 173.24b for which the shipper is responsible such as lling limits, compatibility between the HM and container, and securing and cushioning. It is the responsibility of the packaging manufacturer and the person who o ers hazardous materials for transportation, to the extent that assembly functions including nal closure are performed by the latter, to assure that each package is capable of passing the prescribed tests. Performance Tests - The following tests are performed as appropriate for each type of package: Drop Test, 178.603; Leakproofness Test, 178.604; Hydrostatic pressure Test, 178.605; Stacking Test, 178.606; Cooperage Test for Bung-type Wooden Barrels, 178.607; Chemical Compatibility Test for Plastic Receptacle, 178.608; Vibration Standard, 173.24a(a)(5). NOTE: Each section must be consulted to determine the applicable test for each type of container. PACKAGE TESTING consists of the following: Design Quali cation Testing, 178.601(c)(1); Periodic Retesting, 178.601(c)(2); Production Testing, 178.601(c)(3); Frequency of Periodic Testing, 178.601(e); Test Samples, 178.601(f). The person who manufactures a package subject to the requirements of the hazardous materials regulations is responsible to insure the package is in conformance with the requirements contained in 49 CFR, Part 178. When a package is required to be marked with a UN standard or DOT speci cation, the package must meet all the requirements of the regulation, including testing. The manufacturer or person certifying that the package is in compliance with Part 178 must inform in writing each person to whom the packaging is transferred of all requirements of Part 178 not met at time of transfer, and all actions that need to be taken for the package to conform to requirements of Part 178. The written statements must be retained by the manufacturer for at least one year per 49 CFR 178.2(c). When lling packages with hazardous materials the shipper must comply with these written instructions. Performance Oriented Package Marking The Manufacturer's Marking Requirement is contained in 49 CFR 178.503. The United Nations symbol. Packaging identi cation code consisting of: Type of packaging Material of construction Category of packaging (when appropriate) A letter identifying the performance standard. X - Meeting packing group I, II and III tests. Y - Meeting packing group II and III tests. Z - Meeting only packing group III tests. Speci c gravity or mass. Speci c gravity for packaging without inner linings designed to hold liquids rounded down to the rst decimal for those nonviscous liquids having a speci c gravity greater than 1.2. Maximum gross mass in kilograms for viscous liquids, solids, or inner packagings. A letter "S" for packaging intended only for solids or inner packagings, test pressure in kilopascals of the hydrostatic test pressure. The last two digits of the year of manufacture. The letters indicating the country of origin (e.g., "USA"). The name and address or symbol of the person applying the marks. Other markings: Month of manufacture for plastic drums (1H) and jerricans(3H). May be marked in a di erent location. Minimum thickness of packaging material in millimeters (mm) for metal or plastic drums or jerricans intended for reuse. Tare weight preceded by "TW" for packaging intended for nitric acid. Reconditioned packaging. Items 1-6 and thickness in millimeters must be applied in a permanent manner able to withstand reconditioning. The following additional markings are required: Name of the country in which the reconditioning was performed. Name and address or symbol of the reconditioner. Month and last two digits of the year of reconditioning. The letter "R". The letter "L" for packaging passing a leakproofness test. LOADING AND UNLOADING 49 CFR Parts 174-177 contain additional modal requirements for transporting hazardous materials by rail, water, air and highway. Part 177 for highway contains a number of general and speci c requirements for loading and unloading hazardous materials in 177.834177.854. BLOCKING AND BRACING Hazardous materials packages should be secured in a transport vehicle to prevent damage during transportation. The motor carrier is responsible for blocking and bracing HM for shipment by highway. Therefore a carrier who removes and or alters blocking and bracing material installed by the shipper is not necessarily in violation of federal law. If the hazardous materials leaks or spills during transport due to insu cient blocking and bracing, the motor carrier is at fault. COMPATIBILITY Both shippers and carriers are responsible for compatibility. The requirement for shippers to comply with compatibility considerations is contained in 49 CFR 173.22. In order to determine compatibility for shipments by highway, shippers and carriers should refer to 49 CFR 177.848 - Segregation of hazardous materials. This section applies to: Packages that require labeling, multi-compartmented cargo tanks, and portable tanks loaded in transport vehicles or freight containers. If a vehicle is to be transported aboard a vessel, other than a ferry, and is loaded with hazardous materials, that vehicle must meet the compatibility requirements of Part 176. Regardless of the hazard class, cyanide and cyanide mixtures can not be transported with acids. In order to determine compatibility you are now required to be familiar with two tables which are: Segregation Table for Hazardous Materials is used for all materials. However, this table is only used for Class 1 materials when comparing Class 1 with other classes/divisions of hazardous materials. Compatibility Table for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials is used for determining compatibility for one Class 1 material and another Class 1 material. When using the aforementioned tables be sure to read the entire section, 178.848, and be aware that there are special instructions and exceptions listed. In addition to this section, shippers and carriers should check sections 177.834 through 177.854 for any additional handling requirements. APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT : An agricultural product means a hazardous material, other than a hazardous waste, whose end use directly supports the production of an agricultural commodity including, but not limited to a fertilizer, pesticide, soil amendment, or fuel. An agricultural product is limited to a material in Class 3, 8, or 9, Division 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, or 6.1, or an ORM-D material. COMMERCE : The term "commerce" means trade, tra c, commerce, or transportation within the jurisdiction of the United States. (A) between a place in s State and any place outside of such State, or (B) which a ects trade, tra c, commerce, or transportation described in subparagraph (A). 49 USC 5101 et seq. CONTRACTORS: Any person who, under contract with any department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Federal Government, transports, or causes to be transported or shipped, a hazardous material or manufactures, fabricates, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package or container which is represented, marked, certi ed, or sold by such person as quali ed for use in transportation of hazardous materials shall be subject to and comply with all provisions of the Federal Hazardous Material Transportation Law, or the regulations issued thereunder. HAZMAT EMPLOYER: A person who uses one or more of its employees in connection with: transporting hazardous materials in commerce; causing hazardous materials to be transported or shipped in commerce; or representing, marking, certifying, selling, o ering, manufacturing, reconditioning, testing, repairing or modifying containers, drums, or packaging as quali ed in the transportation of hazardous materials. This term includes an owner-operator of a motor vehicle which transports hazardous materials in commerce. This term includes any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States, a State, a political subdivision of a State, or an Indian tribe described in the rst sentence of this de nition. HAZMAT EMPLOYEE: A person who is employed by a hazmat employer and who in the course of employment directly a ects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term includes an owner-operator of a motor vehicle which transports a hazardous material in commerce. This term includes an individual, including a self-employed individual, employed by a hazmat employer who, in the course of employment: (1) Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials; (2) Manufactures, tests, reconditions, or repairs, modi es, marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums, or packages as quali ed for use in the transportation of hazardous materials; (3) Prepares hazardous materials for transportation; (4) Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials; or (5) Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials. MATERIALS OF TRADE Materials of Trade means a hazardous material, other than a hazardous waste, that is carried on a motor vehicle--(1) For the purpose of protecting the health and safety of the motor vehicle operator or passengers; (2) For the purpose of supporting the operation of a motor vehicle (including its auxiliary equipment) or; (3) By a private motor carrier (including vehicles operated by a rail carrier) in direct support of a principal business other than transportation by a motor vehicle. OFFEROR: The term o eror means any person who performs, or is responsible for performing, any of the pre-transportation functions required under the HMR for transportation of a hazardous material; tenders or makes a hazardous material available to a carrier for transportation in commerce; or both performs, or is responsible for performing, pre-transportation functions and tenders or makes a hazardous material available to a carrier for transportation PERSON: As of 01/24/2005 Person means an individual, rm, copartnership, corporation, company, association, or joint-stock association (including any trustee, receiver, assignee, or similar representative); or a government or Indian tribe (or an agency or instrumentality of any government or Indian tribe) that transports a hazardous material to further a commercial enterprise or o ers a hazardous material for transportation in commerce. Person does not include the following: 1. The United States Postal Service. 2. Any agency or instrumentality of the Federal government, for the purposes of 49 U.S.C. 5123 (civil penalties) and 5124 (criminal penalties.). 3. Any government or Indian tribe (or an agency or instrumentality of any government or Indian tribe) that transports hazardous material for a governmental purpose. SHIPPER: The word "shipper" is not speci cally de ned in the HMR (49 CFR Parts 170-179), due primarily to the fact that it is not possible for the Department to account for the numerous commercial arrangements that may exist under that concept, Although the word "shipper" does appear, it is used in an ordinary layman's manner rather than as a speci c, technical term of art. Consequently, responsibilities generally are placed on "o erors" for performance of the functions associated with "o ering" hazardous materials for transportation (e.g., see the general duty and applicability provisions in 49 CFR 171.1, 171.2, 172.3, and 173.1). TRANSPORTS : The term "transports" or "transportation" means any movement of property by any mode, and any loading, unloading, or storage incident thereto. TRANSPORTATION IN COMMERCE ON A PUBLIC HIGHWAY: Transportation on (across or along) roads outside of Government properties generally is transportation in commerce. If a road is used by members of the general public (including dependents of Government employees) without their having to gain access through a controlled access point, transportation on (across or along) a road on Government properties is in commerce. On the other hand if access to a road is controlled at all times through the use of gates and guards, transportation on that road is not in commerce. The COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY ACT OF 1986 required DOT to establish Federal standards for States to test and license truck and bus drivers, establish uniform penalty provisions, and establish a data system containing data on drivers. COMMERCIAL DRIVERS LICENSE REGULATION APPLICABILITY : THE RULES IN THIS PART APPLY TO EVERY PERSON WHO OPERATES A COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLE IN INTERSTATE, FOREIGN, OR INTRASTATE COMMERCE AND TO ALL EMPLOYEES OF SUCH PERSONS. COMMERCIAL DRIVERS LICENSE: Does not apply to active duty military drivers. Does apply to Government Civilian Employees. MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ACT OF 1990 : A major provision of this legislation prohibits Federal agencies from using motor carriers rated unsatisfactory to transport hazardous materials in quantities requiring placarding. SAFETY RATINGS AND CARRIER PROFILES are public information and may be obtained on the Internet on a system called SAFER (Safety and Fitness Electronic Record) at https://safer.fmcsa.dot.gov/ APPENDIX B Eastern Resource Center VACANT 802 Cromwell Park Drive Suite N Glen Burnie, MD 21061 Com (443) 703-2240 Fax (4430 703-2253 Internet Address: Connecticut (860) 659-6700 Delaware (302) 734-8173 District of Columbia (202) 219-3553 Maine (207) 622-8358 Maryland (410) 962-4342 Massachusetts (617) 494-2770 New Hampshire (603) 228-3112 New Jersey (609) 637-4222 New York (518) 431-4145 Pennsylvania (717) 221-4443 Puerto Rico (787) 766-5985 Rhode Island (401) 431-6010 Vermont (802) 828-4480 Virginia (804) 771-8585 West Virginia (304) 347-5935 Mid-West Resource Center Kris Phillips 19900 Governors Drive, Suite 210 Olympia Fields, Illinois 60461-1021 Com (708) 283-3577 Fax (708) 283-3579 Internet Address: Kris.Phillips@dot.gov Illinois (217) 492-4608 Indiana (317) 226-7474 Iowa (515) 233-7400 Kansas (785) 267-7288 Michigan (517) 377-1866 Minnesota (651) 291-6150 Missouri (573) 636-3246 Nebraska (402) 437-5986 Ohio (614) 280-5657 Wisconsin (608) 829-7530 Southern Resource Center David Ford 100 Alabama Street, 17th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3104 Com (404) 562-3600 Fax (404) 562-3704 Internet Address: David.Ford@dot.gov Alabama (334) 223-7244 Arkansas (501) 324-5050 Florida (850) 942-9338 Georgia (404) 562-3620 Kentucky (502) 223-6779 Louisiana (225) 757-7640 Mississippi (601) 965-4219 New Mexico (505) 346-7858 North Carolina (919) 856-4378 Oklahoma (405) 605-6047 South Carolina (803) 765-5414 Tennessee (615) 781-5781 Texas (512) 536-5980 Western Resource Center Richard Swedberg Golden Hills O ce Center 12600 W Colfax Ave Suite B-300 Lakewood, CO 80215 Com (303) 407-2350 Fax (303) 407-2339 Internet Address: Richard.Swedberg@dot.gov Alaska (907) 271-4068 Arizona (602) 379-6851 California (916) 930-2760 Colorado (720) 963-3130 Hawaii (808) 541-2790 Idaho (208) 334-1842 Montana (406) 449-5304 Nevada (775) 687-5335 North Dakota (701) 250-4346 Oregon (503) 399-5775 South Dakota (605) 224-8202 Utah (801) 963-0096 Washington (360) 753-9875 Wyoming (307) 772-2305 Samoa (808) 541-2700 Guam (808) 541-2700 Northern Marianna (808) 541-2700 APPENDIX C PUBLICATION SOURCES Copies of the regulations may be purchased from the nearest Government Printing O ce Bookstore. You may also view an electronic version of the CFR at:http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/. For more information or to ask questions related to the hazardous materials regulations call 1-800-467-4922 or contact PHMSA at: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, PHH-50 Washington, D.C. 20590-0001 Internet PHMSA.DOT.GOV Last updated: Wednesday, December 18, 2019 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Subscribe To Email Updates Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 1200 NEW JERSEY AVENUE, SE WASHINGTON, DC 20590 1-800-832-5660 About News and Events Resources Policies, Rights, Legal About FMCSA FMCSA Newsroom Resources for Carriers About DOT Registration Press Releases Resources for Consumers Budget and Performance Regulations Speeches Resources for Drivers Civil Rights Safety Testimony Forms FOIA Analysis Events Contact Us Information Quality Careers No FEAR Act FMCSA Portal O ce of Inspector General Privacy Policy USA.gov Web Policies and Notices Web Standards Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. NFPA ® 400 Hazardous Materials Code Y L E S N O U L 2019 A U D I V {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} I D F R O IN Customer ID 64281135 See ALERT Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. 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Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. 400-1 Copyright © 2018 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved. NFPA® 400 Hazardous Materials Code 2019 Edition This edition of NFPA 400, Hazardous Materials Code, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Hazardous Chemicals. It was acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 11-14, 2018, in Las Vegas, NV. It was issued by the Standards Council on August 14, 2018, with an effective date of September 3, 2018, and supersedes all previous editions. This document has been amended by one or more Tentative Interim Amendments (TIAs) and/or Errata. See “Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org for more information. N O This edition of NFPA 400 was approved as an American National Standard on September 3, 2018. Origin and Development of NFPA 400 E S Y L For the first edition of NFPA 400, four separate documents — NFPA 430, NFPA 432, NFPA 434, and NFPA 490 — were withdrawn in 2010 and included in their entirety in NFPA 400. This edition covered hazardous material categories found in building and fire codes such as corrosives, flammable solids, pyrophoric substances, toxic and highly toxic materials, unstable materials, and water-reactive materials. NFPA 400 also included compressed gases and cryogenic fluids by extracting NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fuels Code, into Chapter 21. U L A U The code established the need for additional fire protection based on quantity limits for various occupancies using the maximum allowable quantity (MAQ) concept. In the 2013 edition, the MAQ tables in Chapter 5 were updated to be consistent with changes in fire and building codes and coordinated with requirements for industrial and medical gases based on changes to NFPA 55. The Committee updated the table establishing MAQ values for hazardous materials stored or used in outdoor control areas. The results of the Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF) project “Oxidizer Classification Research Project: Tests and Criteria” were used to establish an alternative method for assigning classifications to oxidizing solids. To accomplish that, the committee modified definitions for Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 oxidizers based on the test protocol and criteria presented in the completely revised Annex G. D I V {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} I D IN The oxidizer table in Annex G was updated for specific oxidizer solids based on the test results. The Committee also incorporated edits consistent with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. F R O The 2016 edition incorporated a number of significant changes to the requirements for ammonium nitrate in Chapter 11. Highlights included the addition of sprinkler requirements for existing buildings of combustible construction and content, the requirement for new buildings and storage bins to be of noncombustible construction, and emergency planning and public notification/alert systems for both new and existing facilities. Additional changes further protected ammonium nitrate from becoming contaminated or from becoming molten and confined, conditions that can lead to an explosion during fires involving ammonium nitrate. Clear guidance for emergency responders on the conditions under which ammonium nitrate can explode, when to fight such fires, and when to evacuate were added to Annex E, which also included information on the properties and uses of ammonium nitrate. A number of oxidizers were reclassified in Annex G based on work performed under the auspices of the Fire Protection Research Foundation (FPRF). In Annex F, the tables were revised based on new test data provided by the Organic Peroxide Producers’ Safety Division (OPPSD) of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI). Terminology and content throughout the document have been modified to correlate with OSHA’s revised Hazard Communication Standard. A new annex, Annex J, Hazardous Material Definitions Comparison Table, compared the hazardous materials definitions in the new OSHA standard with those in NFPA 400. Finally, the MAQ tables in Chapter 5 were modified to reflect a change in typical container sizes from 50 lb to 55 lb (22.7 kg to 24.9 kg). NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. 400-2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CODE In the 2019 edition, multiple terms relating to aisles have been revised for consistent use throughout the code. A major revision has been made to the MAQ tables in Chapter 5 that deletes most of the occupancy-specific tables in an effort to consolidate information and reduce repetition. MAQ values for assembly, educational, day care, health care, ambulatory health care, detention and correctional, certain residential, and business occupancies have been consolidated, and annex material has been added to provide clarification on amounts needed to be stored within and outside of cabinets when allowed to have increases based on the table footnotes. A new table has also been added to the code to extract common path of travel distance limits from NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®. Further revisions have been made to the requirements for ammonium nitrate in Chapter 11. Text has been added to clarify which sections apply retroactively, and language has been revised to clarify that molten ammonium nitrate needs to be able to flow away from storage areas to open, unconfined areas free from incompatible materials. Revisions have been made to the fire protection system requirements so that automatic fire sprinkler systems are not required in Type I or Type II construction buildings unless they also have combustible content. Requirements for ammonium nitrate storage in railcars have been added to cover non–transportation-regulated storage. Y L Class II organic peroxides have been divided into Class IIA and Class IIB based on small-scale burn rate data and alignment with international classifications. Definitions have been added, MAQ tables have been updated to include these two classes, and some of the assignments of organic peroxide formulation classifications in Annex F have been changed accordingly. Changes have been made to the requirements for fire protection systems, and to remove MAQs for segregated storage and cutoff storage, since these are addressed through the protection level and control area concepts. N O Finally, new annex material has been added to show an example of a storage layout in a typical sprinklered warehouse storing Class 1 oxidizers. E S The 2019 edition of NFPA 400 is dedicated to the memory of Nancy Pearce, who served as Staff Liaison to the Technical Committee on Hazardous Chemicals since the 2013 edition of the code. Nancy passed away on September 5, 2017, after a long and courageous battle with breast cancer — although that did not stop her from sharing her joy and passion with all who had the pleasure of working with her. Nancy worked at NFPA for 6 years, and spent the previous 23 years as an Industrial Hygienist for the Massachusetts Department of Labor Standards, Occupational Safety and Health Program. Often with a smile, she could pull teams of people together with a common mission, never minimizing their important work for making the world a safer place to work and live. Nancy will be remembered and missed for her professionalism, incredible work ethic, and kindness. U L A U D I V {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} I D R O F 2019 Edition IN Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 400-3 Technical Committee on Hazardous Chemicals Robert J. James, Chair UL LLC, IL [RT] Rep. UL LLC Elizabeth C. Buc, Fire & Materials Research Laboratory, LLC, MI [RT] Chris M. Connealy, Texas Department of Insurance, TX [E] Edwin D. Cope, Cope Engineering, TX [SE] Dirk Der Kinderen, U.S. Department of Transportation, DC [E] Mark J. Dossett, San Diego Fire-Rescue Department, CA [E] Rep. California Fire Chiefs Association Henry L. Febo, Jr., Holliston, MA [SE] Kathleen A. Franklin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, DC [E] Martin T. Gresho, FP2Fire, Inc., CO [SE] Peter Paul Howell, Mark V, Inc., WV [SE] Noel Hsu, Orica U.S.A. Inc., CO [M] Rep. The Fertilizer Institute Paul A. Iacobucci, Akzo Nobel, IL [M] Rep. SPI/Organic Peroxide Producers Safety Division Alwin A Kelly, JENSEN HUGHES, MD [SE] Lynne M. Kilpatrick, Sunnyvale Department of Public Safety, CA [E] Kevin Kreitman, Albany Fire Department, OR [E] Todd Laberge, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA [U] R. Kenneth Lee, Axiall LLC, AR [M] Joyce Miles, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering, TX [U] Rep. American Chemistry Council Kirk Mitchell, Kirk Mitchell & Associates, LLC, FL [M] Rep. Isocyanurates Industry Adhoc Committee Ken Scott Mueller, CHS - Cenex Harvest States, IL [U] Rep. Agricultural Retailers Association Eugene Y. Ngai, Chemically Speaking LLC, NJ [SE] Anthony M. Ordile, Haines Fire & Risk Consulting Corporation, NJ [SE] Jerald Pierrottie, Lonza Group Ltd., LA [M] Michael Reilly, Fairfax County Fire & Rescue Department, VA [L] Rep. International Association of Fire Fighters Jerrold Sameth, Compressed Gas Association, Inc., NJ [M] John Louis Schumacher, Advanced Engineering Investigations, CO [SE] Milton R. Shefter, Miljoy Ent. Incorporated, CA [U] (VL to Document: NFPA 40) Jonathan Thomas Shriner, U.S. Architect of the Capitol, DC [U] (VL to Document: NFPA 40) Ronald Thomas, Institute of Makers of Explosives, UT [M] Rep. Institute of Makers of Explosives Irene Villanueva Uriarte, FM Global, MA [I] Rep. FM Global James O. Vigerust, Jr., CB&I, NM [SE] Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Jerry W. Wallace, Safety Engineering Laboratories, Inc., MI [SE] Y L E S N O U L A U Alternates D I V James C. Belke, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, DC [E] (Alt. to Kathleen A. Franklin) James Carver, El Segundo Fire Department, CA [E] (Alt. to Mark J. Dossett) Joseph Carl Chew, Haines Fire And Risk Consulting, Corp., NJ [SE] (Alt. to Anthony M. Ordile) Richard A. Craig, Compressed Gas Association, VA [M] (Alt. to Jerrold Sameth) Peter Dluzneski, Arkema Inc., PA [M] (Alt. to Paul A. Iacobucci) Richard H. Ferguson, Axiall LLC, PA [M] (Alt. to R. Kenneth Lee) Steve Ferrara, Carolina Eastern - Vail Inc., NY [U] (Alt. to Ken Scott Mueller) Heather Millikan Heckman, University Of South Carolina, SC [U] (VL to Document: NFPA 40) (Alt. to Milton R. Shefter) Scott M. Heyworth, FP2Fire, Inc., FL [SE] (Alt. to Martin T. Gresho) Zachary John Jason, Advanced Engineering Investigations, CO [SE] (Alt. to John Louis Schumacher) John A. LeBlanc, FM Global, MA [I] (Alt. to Irene Villanueva Uriarte) Kathleen Nehmer, Pond & Company, MA [SE] (Voting alt.) Milton L. Norsworthy, Fire and Materials Research Laboratories LLC. (F&MRL), TN [RT] (Alt. to Elizabeth C. Buc) Brian P. Sampson, Safety Engineering Laboratories, Inc., MI [SE] (Alt. to Jerry W. Wallace) David S. Shatzer, Shatzer & Associates Consulting, PA [SE] (Alt. to Edwin D. Cope) Clark D. Shepard, ExxonMobil Corporation, TX [M] (Alt. to Joyce Miles) Robert Suarez, Des Moines Fire Department, IA [L] (Alt. to Michael Reilly) {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} I D R O IN F Nonvoting David Chicca, OSHA, DC [E] Rep. Occupational Safety & Health Administration Richard S. Kraus, API/Petroleum Safety Consultants, VA [M] Rep. TCC on Flammable and Combustible Liquids Patrick A. McLaughlin, McLaughlin & Associates, ID [U] Rep. TC on Industrial, Storage, & Miscellaneous Occupancies Kathy A. Landkrohn, U.S. Department of Labor, DC [E] Rep. Occupational Safety & Health Administration 2019 Edition Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. 400-4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CODE Laura E. Moreno, NFPA Staff Liaison This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document. NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on, and maintain current codes for, classes of hazardous chemicals and codes for specific chemicals where these are warranted by virtue of widespread distribution or special hazards. Y L E S N O U L A U D I V {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} I D R O F 2019 Edition IN Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. CONTENTS 400-5 Contents Chapter 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.13 1.14 1 Administration ............................................ Scope. ................................................................... Purpose. ............................................................... Application. .......................................................... Retroactivity. ......................................................... Equivalency. ......................................................... Units and Formulas. ............................................ Enforcement. ....................................................... Permits. ................................................................ Facility Closure. ................................................... Emergency Planning. .......................................... Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP). .............................................................. Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement (HMIS). ................................................................ Plan Review. ......................................................... Technical Assistance. ........................................... 400– 9 400– 9 400– 9 Chapter 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2 Referenced Publications ............................ General. ................................................................ NFPA Publications. .............................................. Other Publications. ............................................. References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. 400– 10 400– 10 400– 10 400– 10 400– 11 Chapter 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3 Definitions ................................................... General. ................................................................ NFPA Official Definitions. .................................. General Definitions. ............................................ Special Performance-Based Definitions. ............ 400– 11 400– 11 400– 11 400– 12 400– 19 1.12 400– 7 400– 7 400– 7 400– 7 400– 8 400– 8 400– 8 400– 9 400– 9 400– 9 400– 9 400– 9 Chapter 9 Security for Hazardous Materials .............. 9.1 General. ................................................................ 400– 48 400– 48 Chapter 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10 Performance-Based Option ....................... General. ................................................................ Performance Criteria. ......................................... Retained Prescriptive Requirements. ................. Design Scenarios. ................................................. Evaluation of Proposed Designs. ........................ Safety Factors. ...................................................... Documentation Requirements. .......................... 400– 48 400– 48 400– 49 400– 49 400– 50 400– 51 400– 51 400– 52 Chapter 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11 Ammonium Nitrate Solids and Liquids ..... General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 52 400– 52 400– 53 400– 55 400– 55 400– 56 400– 56 400– 56 400– 56 Chapter 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12 Corrosive Solids and Liquids ..................... General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 57 400– 57 400– 57 400– 57 400– 57 400– 57 400– 57 400– 58 400– 58 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Classification of Materials, Wastes, and Hazard of Contents .................................... Hazardous Material Classification. ..................... Classification of High-Hazard Contents. ............ Mixtures. .............................................................. Multiple Hazards. ................................................ Classification of Waste. ........................................ Combustibility of Materials. ................................ 400– 19 400– 19 400– 20 400– 20 400– 20 400– 20 400– 20 Chapter 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13 Flammable Solids ........................................ General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 58 400– 58 400– 58 400– 58 400– 58 400– 58 400– 59 400– 59 400– 59 Chapter 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5 Permissible Storage and Use Locations .... General. ................................................................ Control Areas. ...................................................... Protection Levels. ................................................ Outdoor Areas. .................................................... 400– 21 400– 21 400– 21 400– 25 400– 26 Chapter 6 Fundamental Requirements ....................... 6.1 General Requirements. ....................................... 6.2 Requirements for Occupancies Storing Quantities of Hazardous Materials Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Quantities per Control Area for High-Hazard Contents. .......... 6.3 Requirements for Use, Dispensing, and Handling of Hazardous Materials in Amounts Exceeding Maximum Allowable Quantities. ...... 400– 29 400– 29 D I V Chapter 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14 Organic Peroxide Formulations ................ General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 59 400– 59 400– 59 400– 60 400– 62 400– 62 400– 63 400– 63 400– 63 Chapter 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15 Oxidizer Solids and Liquids ....................... General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 63 400– 63 400– 64 400– 65 400– 72 400– 72 400– 73 400– 73 400– 73 E S N O U L A U Chapter 4 Y L {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} I D R O IN F 400– 42 Chapter 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Emergency Planning, Fire Risk Control, and Chemical Hazard Requirements for Industrial Processes .................................... General. ................................................................ Process Review and Plan Preparation. ............... Operating and Maintenance Procedures. .......... Safety Reviews. ..................................................... Incident Investigation Plan. ................................ Document Retention. .......................................... 400– 33 Chapter 8 Reserved ...................................................... 400– 46 400– 46 400– 46 400– 47 400– 47 400– 47 400– 47 400– 48 Chapter 16 Reserved ...................................................... 400– 73 Chapter 17 Pyrophoric Solids and Liquids ................... 17.1 General. ................................................................ 17.2 General Requirements for Storage. ................... 400– 73 400– 73 400– 73 2019 Edition Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. 400-6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CODE 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 73 400– 73 400– 74 400– 74 400– 74 400– 74 Chapter 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18 Toxic or Highly Toxic Solids and Liquids . General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 74 400– 74 400– 75 400– 75 400– 75 400– 75 400– 76 400– 76 400– 76 Chapter 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19 Unstable (Reactive) Solids and Liquids .... General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 76 400– 76 400– 76 400– 76 400– 77 400– 77 400– 77 400– 78 400– 78 Chapter 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20 Water-Reactive Solids and Liquids ............. General. ................................................................ General Requirements for Storage. ................... Indoor Storage. .................................................... Outdoor Storage. ................................................. General Requirements for Use. .......................... Indoor Use. .......................................................... Outdoor Use. ....................................................... Handling. ............................................................. 400– 78 400– 78 400– 78 400– 78 400– 78 400– 78 400– 79 400– 79 400– 79 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 21.10 Compressed Gases. .............................................. Cryogenic Fluids. ................................................. Bulk Oxygen Systems. .......................................... Hydrogen Compressed Gas Systems. .................. Bulk Liquefied Hydrogen Systems. .................... Gas Generation Systems. ..................................... Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide Systems. ........ Storage, Handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization and Fumigation. ....................... 21.11 Acetylene Cylinder Charging Plants. .................. 21.12 Nitrous Oxide Systems. ....................................... 400– 102 400– 103 400– 103 Annex A Explanatory Material .................................. 400– 103 Annex B Chemical Data ............................................. 400– 135 Annex C Hazardous Materials Management Plans and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements ................................................... 400– 151 Annex D Security Information .................................. 400– 161 Annex E Properties and Uses of Ammonium Nitrate and Fire-Fighting Procedures ........ 400– 162 Annex F Typical Organic Peroxide Formulations ... 400– 165 Annex G Oxidizers ..................................................... 400– 184 Annex H Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids . 400– 196 Annex I Emergency Response Guideline ................ 400– 197 Hazardous Material Definitions Comparison Table ....................................... 400– 204 Sample Ordinance for Adopting NFPA 400 ..................................................... 400– 221 Annex L Informational References .......................... 400– 222 Index ..................................................................... 400– 227 E S Annex J Annex K Y L N O U L A U ID 400– 83 400– 94 400– 102 400– 102 400– 102 400– 102 400– 102 {070CCAD2-53D2-4DC9-8BE3-D9DE9EB75989} Chapter 21 21.1 21.2 Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids . General Provisions. .............................................. Building-Related Controls. ................................. R O F 2019 Edition IN V I D 400– 79 400– 79 400– 80 Copyright 2021 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA®). Licensed by agreement to University of WI Whitewater FOR INDIVIDUAL USE ONLY and downloaded on 02/17/2021. No reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written permission of NFPA®. For inquiries or access for multiple users, or to report unauthorized use, contact orders@nfpa.org. ADMINISTRATION NFPA 400 400-7 1.1.1.1 Occupancies. Unless otherwise specified in this code, all occupancy definitions and classifications shall be in accord? ance with the building code. Hazardous Materials Code 2019 Edition IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers or obtained on request from NFPA. UPDATES, ALERTS, AND FUTURE EDITIONS: New editions of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (i.e., NFPA Standards) are released on scheduled revision cycles. This edition may be superseded by a later one, or it may be amended outside of its scheduled revision cycle through the issuance of Tenta? tive Interim Amendments (TIAs). An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document, together with all TIAs and Errata in effect. To verify that this document is the current edition or to determine if it has been amended by TIAs or Errata, please consult the National Fire Codes® Subscription Service or the “List of NFPA Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. In addition to TIAs and Errata, the document information pages also include the option to sign up for alerts for individual documents and to be involved in the development of the next edition. NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A. A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in informational sections are given in Annex L. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph references and other references as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee respon? sible for the source document. Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex L. 1.1.1.2 Multiple Hazards. Hazardous materials that are classi? fied in more than one haz.