McMaster University

BIO 2EE3

CHAPTER 15

1)What is the best classification of primary producers found in hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom?

1. 1. Photosynthetic
   2. Chemoorganoheterotrophs
   3. Organotrophs
   4. Chemolithoautotrophs
   5. Photolithoautotrophs

2. Which of these regulates the formation of biofilms?
   1. Catabolite repression
   2. Water availability
   3. Quorum sensing
   4. Photosynthesis
   5. End product repression

3. Today, the most effective technique for analyzing microbial community structure is based on this analysis
   1. Isolation and characterization of microbes from the community
   2. Identification of the catabolic enzymes present
   3. Enrichment culture technique for microbial isolation
   4. Identification of metabolic intermediates that accumulate in the environment
   5. Sequencing small subunit rRNA

4. Which of these represents MOST of the ocean’s biomass
   1. Fish
   2. Fish and sea mammals
   3. Marine plants
   4. Sea mammals
   5. Microbes

5. Which of these characterizes dead zones in the ocean?
   1. Low temperatures
   2. Lacking nutrients
   3. Being oligotrophic
   4. Being hypoxic
   5. Lacking microbial life

6. Which of these best summarizes the contribution of cyanobacteria in the open ocean?
   1. Primary carbon production
   2. Primary carbon production, oxygenation of the waters, and nitrogen fixation
   3. Oxygenation of the waters
   4. Primary carbon production and oxygenation of the waters
   5. Nitrogen fixation

7. All of the following but one are xenobiotics that frequently contaminate our terrestrial environments. Which one does NOT represent a xenobiotic?
   1. Polychlorinated biphenyls
   2. Nitroaromatics
   3. Trichloroethylene
   4. Lignin
   5. Polycyclic aromatics

8. Lignocellulose is primarily mineralized by this group of organisms during plant decomposition
   1. Gram negative bacteria
   2. Archaea
   3. Fungi
   4. Slime molds
   5. Gram positive bacteria

9. What is the deepest that viable microorganisms have been found in the Earth’s crust?
   1. 100 meters
   2. 500 meters
   3. 1000 meters
   4. 1500 meters
   5. 3000 meters

10. What possible sources of energy may be used by microbes living in hydrothermal vents?
    1. Sulfate and methane
    2. Sulfate and nitrate
    3. Methane and sulfide
    4. Sulfide and nitrate
    5. Nitrate and methane

11. Microbes are able to generate energy through the
    1. Reduction of organic compounds only
    2. Oxidation of organic compounds only
    3. Oxidation of inorganic and organic compounds
    4. Reduction of inorganic and organic compounds
    5. Synthesis of ATP

12. Which of these is NOT an advantage of living in a biofilm community?
    1. Protection from predation
    2. Genetic exchange
    3. Nutrient availability
    4. Protection from toxins
    5. Water availability

13. FISH is a fluorescent microscopic technique used to differentiate microbes using this fluorescently labeled material
    1. Protein
    2. Antibody
    3. DNA probe
    4. Lipid
    5. Antigen

14. What is the % salinity of the ocean?
    1. 1% or less

b. 3.5%

c.     8%

d.   15%

e.   35%

15. What is the average temperature of the world’s ocean waters?
    1. 2 to 3°C
    2. 18 to 20°C
    3. 8 to 10°C
    4. 22 to 25°C
    5. 12 to 15°C

16. Which of the following groups is the most abundant in the ocean?
    1. Viruses
    2. Phytoplankton
    3. Eukarya
    4. Bacteria
    5. Fungi

17. Proteorhodopsin has been found in many marine bacteria, including the SAR-11 group. What is this protein’s function?
    1. As a repressor for global regulation
    2. In the digestion of proteins
    3. As an activator for global regulation
    4. As a photosynthetic reaction center
    5. As a light-driven proton pump

18. What is the soil’s rhizosphere?
    1. Patches that support nitrogen fixation
    2. Zones that contain animal life
    3. Areas surrounding plant roots
    4. Areas in contact with bodies of water
    5. Areas in direct contact with the atmosphere

19. From the study of deep subsurface microbiology, what is the approximate upper temperature limit for microbial growth?
    1. 80°C
    2. 90°C

c.     100°C

d.   110°C

e.   120°C

20. Moderate temperature and neutral pH geothermal springs in terrestrial environments may contain                                         as primary producers
    1. Oxygenic phototrophs
    2. Anoxygenic phototrophs
    3. Oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs
    4. Chemolithotrophs
    5. Oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs and chemolithotrophs

21. What is the best classification of primary producers found in hydrothermal vents on the ocean bottom?
    1. Organotrophs
    2. Photolithoautotrophs
    3. Chemoorganoheterotrophs
    4. Chemolithoautotrophs
    5. Photosynthetic

22. What is the estimated percentage of microbial species on Earth have been grown in culture? a. 1-5%

b. 5-10%

c.     10-15%

d.   15-20%

e.   20-25%

23. Which elements necessary for microbial life are often limiting in the ocean?
    1. Nitrogen and phosphorous
    2. Magnesium and chloride
    3. Magnesium and calcium
    4. Potassium and magnesium
    5. Sodium and calcium

24. Approximately what percent of primary production reaches the ocean floor?
    1. One
    2. Five
    3. Ten
    4. Twenty
    5. Forty

25. The coastal marine waters contain on average about                       microbial cells per mL
    1. 10

b. 100

c.     10,000

4. 1 million
5. 100 million

26. In terrestrial environments, where is the greatest microbial diversity found?
    1. Rivers and streams
    2. Rocks
    3. Lakes
    4. Soil
    5. Springs