Florida International University

PCB evolution

Chapter 6

1)In phylogenetic inference, a preexisting (or ancestral) character is referred to as                                     .

1. Polyphyly.
2. Synapomorphy.
3. Plesiomorphy.
4. Apomorphy.

2. In phylogenetic inference, an evolutionary novelty (or derived character) is referred to as

             .

1. Synapomorphy.
2. Apomorphy.
3. Polyphyly.
4. Plesiomorphy.

3. The capacity of flight in two sister species of birds constitutes                       .

1. a homology.
2. a reversal.
3. none of the answers is correct.
4. a homoplasy.

4. According to The Fundamental Principle of Phylogenetic Inference:

1. Polyphyletic groups identify apomorphies.
2. Apomorphies identify monophyletic groups.
3. Plesiomorphies identify new species.
4. Synapomorphies identify monophyletic groups.

5. In phylogenetic inference, an evolutionary novelty (or derived character) shared by two or more forms is referred to as                                               .

1. Apomorphy.
2. Synapomorphy.
3. Plesiomorphy.
4. Polyphyly.

6. In evolutionary trees, evolutionary relationships are defined from                     .

1. Mutations.
2. Common ancestors.
3. Apomorphies.
4. Evolutionary transitions.

7.               constitute the most important characters for evolutionary inference.

1. Evolutionary trees.
2. None of the answers is correct.
3. Shared evolutionary novelties.
4. Specific evolutionary novelties.

8. While a                  includes the ancestor and all the descendants, a polyphyletic group consists of some descendants                                        the ancestor.

1. monophyletic group/including.
2. monophyletic group/excluding.
3. paraphyletic group/including.
4. paraphyletic group/excluding.

9. Phylogenies are                 about the history of descent with modification from                     that produced a set of species.

1. insights/populations.
2. trees/populations.
3. hypotheses/a common ancestor.
4. hypotheses/populations.