Pellissippi State Community College

PHIL MISC

Module 4: Chapters 6  

1)Life in a "state of nature" (in other words with no rules) was described by          as “lived in continual fear of a violent death, and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

2. John Rawls believed that justice is                      ; thus, a social contract must deal with the issue of how to fairly distribute goods in a fair society.

3. Hobbes form of contractualism was focused on the idea that each individual is looking for his or her own advantage, and that agreeing to basic rules enforced by a sovereign were necessary to achieve this.

4. Hobbes form of contractualism is consonant to (consistent with) a form of                         reasoning, because even though it focuses on the benefit of individuals, it focuses on what benefits all individuals (or at least all individuals have the opportunity to benefit).

5. While Rawls and Hobbes focus on moral theory, T. M. Scanlon focuses on political theory.

6. The claim by Thomas Jefferson that "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" was based on the writings of English philosopher John Locke.

7. Aristotle rejected the idea that "the good is that at which all things aim."

8.               largely adopted the views of Aristotle but added the idea that natural law is part of a divine law or plan for the universe.

9. Many people believe in the idea that people have natural rights. However, there is much disagreement about what those rights are. The                                                was an attempt to reach a worldwide agreement. Many people today adhere to it, but many do not, so it is highly controversial.